99
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Special considerations for glaucoma management in the elderly

&
Pages 181-189 | Received 16 Feb 2016, Accepted 13 May 2016, Published online: 25 May 2016

References

  • Klein BE, Klein R, Sponsel WE, et al. Prevalence of glaucoma. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1499–1504.
  • Jiang X, Varma R, Wu S, et al. Baseline risk factors that predict the development of open-angle glaucoma in a population: the Los Angeles latino eye study. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:2245–2253.
  • Leske MC, Connell AM, Wu SY, et al. Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma. The Barbados Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:918–924.
  • Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, et al. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1661–1669.
  • Dielemans I, Vingerling JR, Wolfs RC, et al. The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in a population-based study in The Netherlands. The Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1851–1855.
  • Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis A, et al. Risk factors for incident open-angle glaucoma: the Barbados Eye Studies. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:85–93.
  • David R, Tessler Z, Yassur Y. Epidemiology of acute angle-closure glaucoma: incidence and seasonal variations. Ophthalmologica. 1985;191:4–7.
  • Seah SK, Foster PJ, Chew PT, et al. Incidence of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma in Singapore. An island-wide survey. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1436–1440.
  • Lai JS, Liu DT, Tham CC, et al. Epidemiology of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma in the Hong Kong Chinese population: prospective study. Hong Kong Med J. 2001;7:118–123.
  • Agarwal R, Gupta SK, Agarwal P, et al. Current concepts in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009;57:257–266.
  • Weinreb RN, Aung T, Medeiros FA. The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: a review. JAMA. 2014;311:1901–1911.
  • Vohra R, Tsai JC, Kolko M. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013;58:311–320.
  • Rieck J. The pathogenesis of glaucoma in the interplay with the immune system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:2393–2409.
  • Casson RJ. Possible role of excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2006;34:54–63.
  • Gaasterland D, Kupfer C, Milton R, et al. Studies of aqueous humour dynamics in man. VI. Effect of age upon parameters of intraocular pressure in normal human eyes. Exp Eye Res. 1978;26:651–656.
  • Becker B. The decline in aqueous secretion and outflow facility with age. Am J Ophthalmol. 1958;46:731–736.
  • Gabelt BT, Kaufman PL. Changes in aqueous humor dynamics with age and glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2005;24:612–637.
  • Alvarado J, Murphy C, Polansky J, et al. Age-related changes in trabecular meshwork cellularity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981;21:714–727.
  • Grierson I, Howes RC. Age-related depletion of the cell population in the human trabecular meshwork. Eye. 1987;1:204–210.
  • Lütjen-Drecoll E, Shimizu T, Rohrbach M, et al. Quantitative analysis of ‘plaque material’ in the inner- and outer wall of Schlemm’s canal in normal- and glaucomatous eyes. Exp Eye Res. 1986;42:443–455.
  • Toris CB, Yablonski ME, Wang YL, et al. Aqueous humor dynamics in the aging human eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:407–412.
  • Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Krueger DE. Race, iris pigmentation, and intraocular pressure. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115:674–683.
  • Klein BE, Klein R, Linton KL. Intraocular pressure in an American community. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2224–2228.
  • Albon J, Purslow PP, Karwatowski WS, et al. Age related compliance of the lamina cribrosa in human eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:318–323.
  • Albon J, Karwatowski WS, Avery N, et al. Changes in the collagenous matrix of the aging human lamina cribrosa. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79:368–375.
  • Albon J, Karwatowski WS, Easty DL, et al. Age related changes in the non-collagenous components of the extracellular matrix of the human lamina cribrosa. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:311–317.
  • Ren R, Jonas JB, Tian G, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in glaucoma: a prospective study. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:259–266.
  • Fleischman D, Berdahl JP, Zaydlarova J, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure decreases with older age. PLoS One. 2012;7:e52664.
  • Boehm AG, Koeller AU, Pillunat LE. The effect of age on optic nerve head blood flow. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:1291–1295.
  • Yang XJ, Ge J, Zhuo YH. Role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013;126:4358–4365.
  • Levkovitch-Verbin H, Vander S, Makarovsky D, et al. Increase in retinal ganglion cells’ susceptibility to elevated intraocular pressure and impairment of their endogenous neuroprotective mechanism by age. Mol Vis. 2013;19:2011–2022.
  • Chrysostomou V, Trounce IA, Crowston JG. Mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell injury in aging and glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res. 2010;44:173–178.
  • Kong GY, Van Bergen NJ, Trounce IA, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2009;18:93–100.
  • Ghiso JA, Doudevski I, Ritch R, et al. Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma: mechanistic similarities and differences. J Glaucoma. 2013;22(Suppl 5):S36–S38.
  • Tsilis AG, Tsilidis KK, Pelidou SH, et al. Systematic review of the association between Alzheimer’s disease and chronic glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:2095–2104.
  • Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, et al. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2081–2090.
  • Campbell DG. Pigmentary dispersion and glaucoma: a new theory. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97:1667–1672.
  • Niyadurupola N, Broadway DC. Pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma – a major review. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2008;36:868–882.
  • Migliazzo CV, Shaffer RN, Nykin R, et al. Long-term analysis of pigmentary dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1528–1536.
  • Speakman JS. Pigmentary dispersion. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981;65:249–251.
  • Kass MA, Heuer DK, Higginbotham EJ, et al. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:701–713.
  • Heijl A, Leske MC, Bengtsson B, et al. Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:1268–1279.
  • The AGIS Investigators. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 7. The relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:429–440.
  • Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group. Comparison of glaucomatous progression between untreated patients with normal-tension glaucoma and patients with therapeutically reduced intraocular pressures. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;126:487–497.
  • Garway-Heath DF, Crabb DP, Bunce C, et al. Latanoprost for open-angle glaucoma (UKGTS): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:1295–1304.
  • Leske MC, Heijl A, Hussein M, et al. Factors for glaucoma progression and the effect of treatment: the early manifest glaucoma trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:48–56.
  • Broadway DC, Cate H. Pharmacotherapy and adherence issues in treating elderly patients with glaucoma. Drugs Aging. 2015;32:569–581.
  • Patel SS, Spencer CM. Latanoprost. A review of its pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Drugs Aging. 1996;9:363–378.
  • Winkler NS, Fautsch MP. Effects of prostaglandin analogues on aqueous humor outflow pathways. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2014;30:102–109.
  • Scichilone N, Pedone C, Battaglia S, et al. Diagnosis and management of asthma in the elderly. Eur J Intern Med. 2014;25:336–342.
  • Hedner J, Everts B, Möller CS. Latanoprost and respiratory function in asthmatic patients: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled crossover evaluation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:1305–1309.
  • Miyake K, Ota I, Maekubo K, et al. Latanoprost accelerates disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and the incidence of angiographic cystoid macular edema in early postoperative pseudophakias. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:34–40.
  • Chu CJ, Johnston RL, Buscombe C, et al. Risk factors and incidence of macular edema after cataract surgery: a database study of 81984 eyes. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:316–323.
  • Filippopoulos T, Paula JS, Torun N, et al. Periorbital changes associated with topical bimatoprost. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;24:302–307.
  • Jayaprakasam A, Ghazi-Nouri S. Periorbital fat atrophy - an unfamiliar side effect of prostaglandin analogues. Orbit. 2010;29:357–359.
  • Park J, Cho HK, Moon JI. Changes to upper eyelid orbital fat from use of topical bimatoprost, travoprost, and latanoprost. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2011;55:22–27.
  • Athanasiov PA, Prabhakaran VC, Selva D. Non-traumatic enophthalmos: a review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008;86:356–364.
  • Wax MB, Molinoff PB. Distribution and properties of beta-adrenergic receptors in human iris-ciliary body. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987;28:420–430.
  • Lahousse L, Tiemeier H, Ikram MA, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease: a comprehensive review. Respir Med. 2015;109:1371–1380.
  • Linkewich JA, Herling IM. Bradycardia and congestive heart failure associated with ocular timolol maleate. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981;38:699–701.
  • Doyle WJ, Weber PA, Meeks RH. Effect of topical timolol maleate on exercise performance. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:1517–1518.
  • Bali SJ, Parmar T, Arora V, et al. Evaluation of major depressive disorder in patients receiving chronic treatment with topical timolol. Ophthalmologica. 2011;226:157–160.
  • Schweitzer I, Maguire K, Tuckwell V. Antiglaucoma medication and clinical depression. Aust N J Z Psychiatry. 2001;35:569–571.
  • Avorn J, Everitt DE, Weiss S. Increased antidepressant use in patients prescribed beta-blockers. JAMA. 1986;255:357–360.
  • Mincione F, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. The development of topically acting carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as antiglaucoma agents. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14:649–654.
  • Zhao JC, Chen T. Brinzolamide induced reversible corneal decompensation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:389–390.
  • Konowal A, Morrison JC, Brown SV, et al. Irreversible corneal decompensation in patients treated with topical dorzolamide. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:403–406.
  • Adamsons I. Irreversible corneal decompensation in patients treated with topical dorzolamide. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;128:774–775.
  • Sanchis-Gimeno JA, Lleó-Pérez A, Alonso L, et al. Corneal endothelial cell density decreases with age in emmetropic eyes. Histol Histopathol. 2005;20:423–427.
  • Laule A, Cable MK, Hoffman CE, et al. Endothelial cell population changes of human cornea during life. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96:2031–2035.
  • Eghrari AO, Gottsch JD. Fuchs’ corneal dystrophy. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2010;5:147–159.
  • Wirtitsch MG, Findl O, Kiss B, et al. Short-term effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride on central corneal thickness in humans with cornea guttata. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:621–625.
  • Toris CB, Gleason ML, Camras CB, et al. Effects of brimonidine on aqueous humor dynamics in human eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:1514–1517.
  • Greenfield DS, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Brimonidine: a new alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist for glaucoma treatment. J Glaucoma. 1997;6:250–258.
  • Fung AT, Reid SE, Jones MP, et al. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing latanoprost with brimonidine in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension or normal-tension glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:62–68.
  • Novack GD, O’Donnell MJ, Molloy DW. New glaucoma medications in the geriatric population: efficacy and safety. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:956–962.
  • Detry-Morel M, Dutrieux C. Treatment of glaucoma with brimonidine (Alphagan 0.2%). J Fr Ophtalmol. 2000;23:763–768.
  • Grierson I, Lee WR, Abraham S. Effects of pilocarpine on the morphology of the human outflow apparatus. Br J Ophthalmol. 1978;62:301–313.
  • Abraham SV, Teller JJ. Influence of various miotics on cataract formation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1969;53:833–838.
  • D’Alena P, Ferguson W. Adverse effects after glycerol orally and mannitol parenterally. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966;75:201–203.
  • Higginbotham EJ. Considerations in glaucoma therapy: fixed combinations versus their component medications. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:1–9.
  • Wilson WS, Duncan AJ, Jay JL. Effect of benzalkonium chloride on the stability of the precorneal tear film in rabbit and man. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975;59:667–669.
  • Burstein NL, Klyce SD. Electrophysiologic and morphologic effects of ophthalmic preparations on rabbit cornea epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1977;16:899–911.
  • Baudouin C, Labbé A, Liang H, et al. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010;29:312–334.
  • Fasanella V, Agnifili L, Mastropasqua R, et al. In vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy of human meibomian glands in aging and ocular surface diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:7432131.
  • Alghamdi YA, Mercado C, McClellan AL, et al. Epidemiology of meibomian gland dysfunction in an elderly population. Cornea. 2016;35:731–735.
  • Sharma A, Hindman HB. Aging: a predisposition to dry eyes. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:781683.
  • Tatham AJ, Sarodia U, Gatrad F, et al. Eye drop instillation technique in patients with glaucoma. Eye (Lond). 2013;27:1293–1298.
  • Sayner R, Carpenter DM, Robin AL, et al. How glaucoma patient characteristics, self-efficacy and patient-provider communication are associated with eye drop technique. Int J Pharm Pract. 2015. doi:10.1111/ijpp.12215. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Burns E, Mulley GP. Practical problems with eye-drops among elderly ophthalmology outpatients. Age Ageing. 1992;21:168–170.
  • Van Santvliet L, Ludwig A. Determinants of eye drop size. Surv Ophthalmol. 2004;49:197–213.
  • Winfield AJ, Jessiman D, Williams A, et al. A study of the causes of non-compliance by patients prescribed eyedrops. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74:477–480.
  • Dietlein TS, Jordan JF, Lüke C, et al. Self-application of single-use eyedrop containers in an elderly population: comparisons with standard eyedrop bottle and with younger patients. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008;86:856–859.
  • Dave P, Villarreal JG, Friedman DS, et al. Ability of bottle cap color to facilitate accurate patient-physician communication regarding medication identity in patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:2373–2379.
  • Wright C, Tawfik MA, Waisbourd M, et al. Primary angle-closure glaucoma: an update. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015. doi:10.1111/aos.12784. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Lee JW, Liu CC, Chan JCH, et al. Predictors of success in selective laser trabeculoplasty for primary open angle glaucoma in Chinese. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1787–1791.
  • Ayala M, Chen E. Predictive factors of success in selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:573–576.
  • Bruen R, Lesk MR, Harasymowycz P. Baseline factors predictive of SLT response: a prospective study. J Ophthalmol. 2012;2012:642869.
  • Tzimis V, Tze L, Ganesh J, et al. Laser trabeculoplasty: an investigation into factors that might influence outcomes. Can J Ophthalmol. 2011;46:305–309.
  • Hodge WG, Damji KF, Rock W, et al. Baseline IOP predicts selective laser trabeculoplasty success at 1 year post-treatment: results from a randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:1157–1160.
  • Traverso CE, Spaeth GL, Starita RJ, et al. Factors affecting the results of argon laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmic Surg. 1986;17:554–559.
  • Shingleton BJ, Richter CU, Bellows AR, et al. Long-term efficacy of argon laser trabeculoplasty. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:1513–1518.
  • AGIS Investigators. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 11. Risk factors for failure of trabeculectomy and argon laser trabeculoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:481–498.
  • Zhang SH, Dong FT, Mao J, et al. Factors related to prognosis of refractory glaucoma with diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation treatment. Chin Med Sci J. 2011;26:137–140.
  • Murphy CC, Burnett CA, Spry PG, et al. A two centre study of the dose-response relation for transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in refractory glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1252–1257.
  • Ghosh S, Manvikar S, Ray-Chaudhuri N, et al. Efficacy of transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in patients with good visual acuity. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2014;24:375–381.
  • Rotchford AP, Jayasawal R, Madhusudhan S, et al. Transscleral diode laser cycloablation in patients with good vision. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94:1180–1183.
  • Aptel F, Charrel T, Lafon C, et al. Miniaturized high-intensity focused ultrasound device in patients with glaucoma: a clinical pilot study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:8747–8753.
  • Aptel F, Denis P, Rouland JF, et al. Multicenter clinical trial of high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment in glaucoma patients without previous filtering surgery. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015. doi:10.1111/aos.12913. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Mastropasqua R, Agnifili L, Fasanella V, et al. Uveo-scleral outflow pathways after ultrasonic cyclocoagulation in refractory glaucoma: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016. doi:308010.301136/bjophthalmol-302015-308069. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Issa SA, Pacheco J, Mahmood U, et al. A novel index for predicting intraocular pressure reduction following cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:543–546.
  • Poley BJ, Lindstrom RL, Samuelson TW. Long-term effects of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in normotensive and ocular hypertensive eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:735–742.
  • Mansberger SL, Gordon MO, Jampel H, et al. Reduction in intraocular pressure after cataract extraction: the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:1826–1831.
  • Poley BJ, Lindstrom RL, Samuelson TW, et al. Intraocular pressure reduction after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes: evaluation of a causal relationship between the natural lens and open-angle glaucoma. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:1946–1955.
  • Mathalone N, Hyams M, Neiman S, et al. Long-term intraocular pressure control after clear corneal phacoemulsification in glaucoma patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31:479–483.
  • Lai JS, Tham CC, Chan JC. The clinical outcomes of cataract extraction by phacoemulsification in eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and co-existing cataract: a prospective case series. J Glaucoma. 2006;15:47–52.
  • Euswas A, Warrasak S. Intraocular pressure control following phacoemulsification in patients with chronic angle closure glaucoma. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005;88(Suppl 9):S121–S125.
  • Hayashi K, Hayashi H, Nakao F, et al. Changes in anterior chamber angle width and depth after intraocular lens implantation in eyes with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:698–703.
  • Duman F, Waisbourd M, Faria B, et al. Trabeculectomy in patients with glaucoma over 80 years of age: relatively short-term outcomes. J Glaucoma. 2016;25:e123–127.
  • Nguyen DQ, Niyadurupola N, Tapp RJ, et al. Effect of phacoemulsification on trabeculectomy function. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2014;42:433–439.
  • Eldaly MA, Bunce C, Elsheikha OZ, et al. Non-penetrating filtration surgery versus trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2:CD007059. doi:10.001002/14651858.CD14007059.pub14651852.
  • Arnavielle S, Lafontaine PO, Bidot S, et al. Corneal endothelial cell changes after trabeculectomy and deep sclerectomy. J Glaucoma. 2007;16:324–328.
  • Gedde SJ, Herndon LW, Brandt JD, et al. Postoperative complications in the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) study during five years of follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:804–814.
  • Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:262–267.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.