Surgical management of fungal keratitis

References

• Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: a global perspective. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(3):214–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopinathan U, Sharma S, Garg P, et al. Review of epidemiological features, microbiological diagnosis and treatment outcome of microbial keratitis: experience of over a decade. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009;57(4):273–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie L, Zhong W, Shi W, et al. Spectrum of fungal keratitis in north China. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(11):1943–1948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullock JD. Root cause analysis of the fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006 and prescriptions for preventing future epidemics. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2009;107:194–204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalmon C, Porco TC, Lietman TM, et al. The clinical differentiation of bacterial and fungal keratitis: a photographic survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53(4):1787–1791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopinathan U, Garg P, Fernandes M, et al. The epidemiological features and laboratory results of fungal keratitis: a 10-year review at a referral eye care center in South India. Cornea. 2002;21(6):555–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan AS, Al-Hatmi AM, Shobana CS, et al. Antifungal susceptibility and phylogeny of opportunistic members of the genus fusarium causing human keratomycosis in South India. Med Mycol. 2016;54(3):287–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hau SC, Dart JK, Vesaluoma M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of microbial keratitis with in vivo scanning laser confocal microscopy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94:982–987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kredics L, Narendran V, Shobana CS, et al. (Indo-hungarian fungal keratitis working group). Filamentous fungal infections of the cornea: a global overview of epidemiology and drug sensitivity. Mycoses. 2015;58(4):243–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shobana CS, Mythili A, Homa M, et al. In vitro susceptibility of filamentous fungi from mycotic keratitis to azole drugs. J Mycol Med. 2015;25(1):44–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalitha P, Sun CQ, Prajna NV, et al. In vitro susceptibility of filamentous fungal isolates from a corneal ulcer clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;157(2):318–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spierer O, Dugar J, Miller D, et al. Comparative antifungal susceptibility analysis of Candida albicans versus non-albicans Candida corneal isolates. Cornea. 2015;34(5):576–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motukupally SR, Nanapur VR, Chathoth KN, et al. Ocular infections caused by Candida species: type of species, in vitro susceptibility and treatment outcome. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015;33(4):538–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meis JF, Chowdhary A, Rhodes JL, et al. Clinical implications of globally emerging azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016;371:1709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prajna NV, Krishnan T, Mascarenhas J, et al. (Mycotic ulcer treatment trial group) The mycotic ulcer treatment trial: a randomized trial comparing natamycin vs voriconazole. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Apr;131(4):422–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas PA. Current perspectives on ophthalmic mycoses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(4):730–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg P, Roy A, Roy S. Update on fungal keratitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2016;27(4):333–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maharana PK, Sharma N, Nagpal R, et al. Recent advances in diagnosis and management of mycotic keratitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016;64(5):346–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalitha P, Prajna NV, Kabra A, et al. Risk factors for treatment outcome in fungal keratitis. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(4):526–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prajna NV, Krishnan T, Rajaraman R, et al. (Mycotic ulcer treatment trial group). predictors of corneal perforation or need for therapeutic keratoplasty in severe fungal keratitis: a secondary analysis of the mycotic ulcer treatment trial II. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017 Sep 1;135(9):987–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry HD, Doshi SJ, Donnenfeld ED, et al. Topical cyclosporin A in the management of therapeutic keratoplasty for mycotic keratitis. Cornea. 2002;21(2):161–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma N, Jain M, Sehra SV, et al. Outcomes of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty from a tertiary eye care centre in northern India. Cornea. 2014;33(2):114–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WL, Wu CY, Hu FR, et al. Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty for microbial keratitis in Taiwan from 1987 to 2001. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137(4):736–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi W, Wang T, Xie L, et al. Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of recurrent fungal keratitis after corneal transplantation. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(5):890–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramamurthy S, Reddy JC, Vaddavalli PK, et al. Outcomes of repeat keratoplasty for failed therapeutic keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;162:83–8e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vemuganti G, Garg P, Gopinathan U, et al. Evaluation of agent and host factors in progression of mycotic keratitis. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(8):1538–1546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatino F, Sarnicola E, Sarnicola C, et al. Early deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for fungal keratitis poorly responsive to medical treatment. Eye (Lond). 2017;31(12):1639–1646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie L, Hu J, Shi W. Treatment failure after lamellar keratoplasty for fungal keratitis. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(1):33–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anshu A, Parthasarathy A, Mehta JS, et al. Outcomes of therapeutic deep lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty for advanced infectious keratitis. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(4):615–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg P, Vemuganti GK, Chatarjee S, et al. Pigmented plaque presentation of dematiaceous fungal keratitis. Cornea. 2004;23(6):571–576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster RG Jr., Slansky HH, Refojo MF, et al. The use of adhesive for the closure of corneal perforations. Report of two cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968;80(6):705–709.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirst LW, Smiddy WE, Stark WJ. Corneal perforations. Changing methods of treatment, 1960–1980. Ophthalmology. 1982;89(6):630–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss JL, Williams P, Lindstrom RL, et al. The use of tissue adhesive in corneal perforations. Ophthalmology. 1983;90(6):610–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leahey AB, Gottsch JD, Stark WJ. Clinical experience with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (Nexacryl) tissue adhesive. Ophthalmology. 1993;100(2):173–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh TB, Gottsch JD. Infectious keratitis and cyanoacrylate adhesive. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;111(4):466–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg P, Gopinathan U, Nutheti R, et al. Clinical experience with N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in fungal keratitis. Cornea. 2003;22(5):405–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Kaur R, Kumar S, et al. Fibrin glue versus N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in corneal perforations. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(2):291–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong J, Wang B, Li S, et al. Full-thickness conjunctival flap covering surgery combined with amniotic membrane transplantation for severe fungal keratitis. Exp Ther Med. 2018;15(3):2711–2718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdulhalim B-E, Wagih M, Gad AAM, et al. Amniotic membrane graft to conjunctival flap in treatment of non-viral resistant infectious keratitis: a randomised clinical study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;99:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodadoust A, Quinter AP. Microsurgical approach to the conjunctival flap. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(8):1189–1193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gundersen T. Conjunctival flaps in the treatment of corneal disease with reference to a new technique of application. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1958;60(5):880–888.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qu L, Li L. eye research X-H. Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of intrastromal injection of amphotericin B in a rabbit model. Curr Eye Res. 2014;39(4):340–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Valenzuela E, Song DC. Intracorneal injection of amphothericin B for recurrent fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123(12):1721–1723.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prakash G, Sharma N, Goel M, et al. Evaluation of intrastromal injection of voriconazole as a therapeutic adjunctive for the management of deep recalcitrant fungal keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146(1):56–5900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaiselvi G, Narayana S, Krishnan T, et al. Intrastromal voriconazole for deep recalcitrant fungal keratitis: a case series. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99(2):195–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lekhanont K, Nonpassopon M, Nimvorapun N, et al. Treatment with intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole in 2 eyes with Lasiodiplodia theobromae keratitis: case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(6):e541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J, Zhang J, Li Y, et al. A combination of intrastromal and intracameral injections of Amphotericin B in the treatment of severe fungal keratitis. J Ophthalmol. 2016;2016:3436415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamas N, Andreanos K, Chatzistefanou K, et al. Supradescemetic voriconazole injection for Candida parapsilosis keratitis. Int Ophthalmol. 2018;38(2):849–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deswal J, Arya SK. Intracorneal amphotericin B injection in a case of indolent Candidal keratitis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(5):ND01–ND2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan T, Constantinou M, Jhanji V, et al. Factors affecting treatment outcomes with voriconazole in cases with fungal keratitis. Cornea. 2013;32(4):445–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma N, Agarwal P, Sinha R, et al. Evaluation of intrastromal voriconazole injection in recalcitrant deep fungal keratitis: case series. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(12):1735–1737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu EY, Majmudar PA. Adjuvant stromal Amphotericin B injection for late-onset DMEK infection. Cornea. 2017;36(12):1556–1558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu EY, Hou J. Intrastromal antifungal injection with secondary lamellar interface infusion for late-onset infectious keratitis after DSAEK. Cornea. 2014;33(9):990–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma N, Chacko J, Velpandian T, et al. Comparative evaluation of topical versus intrastromal voriconazole as an adjunct to natamycin in recalcitrant fungal keratitis. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(4):677–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niki M, Eguchi H, Hayashi Y, et al. Ineffectiveness of intrastromal voriconazole for filamentous fungal keratitis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1075–1079.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuriakose T, Kothari M, Paul P, et al. Intracameral amphotericin B injection in the management of deep keratomycosis. Cornea. 2002;21(7):653–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma N, Sankaran P, Agarwal T, et al. Evaluation of intracameral Amphotericin B in the management of fungal keratitis: randomized controlled trial. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;24(5):493–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon K-C, Jeong I-Y, Im S-K, et al. Therapeutic effect of intracameral amphotericin B injection in the treatment of fungal keratitis. Cornea. 2007;26(7):814–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer A, Letscher-Bru V, Speeg-Schatz C, et al. In vitro efficacy of antifungal treatment using riboflavin/UV-A (365 nm) combination and amphotericin B. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(8):3950–3953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashiwabuchi RT, Carvalho FR, Khan YA, et al. Assessment of fungal viability after long-wave ultraviolet light irradiation combined with riboflavin administration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(2):521–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galperin G, Berra M, Tau J, et al. Treatment of fungal keratitis from Fusarium infection by corneal cross-linking. Cornea. 2012;31(2):176–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty R, Nagaraja H, Jayadev C, et al. Collagen crosslinking in the management of advanced non-resolving microbial keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(8):1033–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uddaraju M, Mascarenhas J, Das MR, et al. Corneal cross-linking as an adjuvant therapy in the management of recalcitrant deep stromal fungal keratitis: a randomized trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;160(1):131–4e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vajpayee RB, Shafi SN, Maharana PK, et al. Evaluation of corneal collagen cross-linking as an additional therapy in mycotic keratitis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;43(2):103–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Jhanji V, Tao X, et al. Riboflavin/ultravoilet light-mediated crosslinking for fungal keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(5):669–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arboleda A, Miller D, Cabot F, et al. Assessment of rose bengal versus riboflavin photodynamic therapy for inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;158(1):64–70.e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amescua G, Arboleda A, Nikpoor N, et al. Rose bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy: a novel treatment for resistant fusarium keratitis. Cornea. 2017 Sep;36(9):1141–1144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar