The sad truth about depressive realism

REFERENCES

• Abramson , L. Y. and Alloy , L. B. 1980 . “ Judgment of contingency: Errors and their implications ” . In Advances in environmental psychology , Edited by: Baum , A. and Singer , J. Vol. 2 , 111 – 130 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Abramson , L. Y. , Alloy , L. B. and Rosoff , R. 1981 . Depression and the generation of complex hypotheses in the judgment of contingency . Behavioral Research and Therapy , 19 : 35 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan , L. G. 1968 . Visual position discrimination: A model relating temporal and spatial factors . Perception & Psychophysics , 4 : 267 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan , L. G. 1980 . A note on measurement of contingency between two binary variables in judgment tasks . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 15 : 147 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Allan , L. G. 1993 . Human contingency judgments: Rule-based or associative? . Psychological Bulletin , 114 : 435 – 448 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan , L. G. 2002 . The location and interpretation of the bisection point . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 55B : 43 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan , L. G. and Jenkins , H. M. 1983 . The effects of representations of binary variables on judgment of influence . Learning and Motivation , 14 : 381 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan , L. G. , Siegel , S. and Tangen , J. M. 2005 . A signal detection analysis of contingency data . Learning & Behavior , 33 : 250 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. and Abramson , L. Y. 1979 . Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 108 : 41 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. and Abramson , L. Y. 1981 . Depression, nondepression, and cognitive illusions: Reply to Schwartz . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 110 : 436 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. and Abramson , L. Y. 1982 . Learned helplessness, depression, and the illusion of control . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 42 : 1114 – 1126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. and Abramson , L. Y. 1988 . “ Depressive realism: Four theoretical perspectives ” . In Cognitive processes in depression , Edited by: Alloy , L. B. 223 – 265 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. , Abramson , L. Y. and Kossman , D. 1985 . “ The judgment of predictability in depressed and nondepressed college students ” . In Affect, conditioning, cognition: Essays on the determinants of behavior , Edited by: Overmier , J. B. and Brush , F. R. 230 – 246 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. , Abramson , L. Y. and Viscusi , D. 1981 . Induced mood and this illusion of control . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 41 : 1129 – 1140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloy , L. B. and Seligman , M. E. P. 1979 . “ On the cognitive component of learned helplessness and depression ” . In The psychology of learning and motivation , Edited by: Bower , G. H. Vol. 13 , 219 – 276 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. 1967 . Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects , 2nd ed. , New York : Harper-Row .
   Google Scholar
• Benassi , V. A. and Mahler , H. I. M. 1985 . Contingency judgments by depressed college students: Sadder but not always wiser . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 49 : 1323 – 1329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson , S. E. , Doan , B. D. and Pasquali , P. 1984 . Sadder but wiser: A failure to demonstrate that mood influences judgements of control . Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science , 16 : 107 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , P. W. 1997 . From covariation to causation: A causal power theory . Psychological Review , 104 : 367 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson , A. , Shanks , D. and Evenden , J. 1984 . Judgement of act-outcome contingency: The role of selective attribution . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 36A : 29 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson , K. and Franche , R.-L. 1989 . A conceptual and empirical review of the depressive realism hypothesis . Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science , 21 : 419 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson , K. S. and Pusch , D. 1995 . A test of the depressive realism hypothesis in clinically depressed subjects . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 19 : 179 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herskovic , J. E. , Kietzman , M. and Sutton , S. 1986 . Visual flicker in depression: Response criteria, confidence ratings, and response times . Psychological Medicine , 16 : 187 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapçi , E. G. and Cramer , D. 1999 . Judgement of control revisited: Are the depressed realistic or pessimistic? . Counselling Psychology Quarterly , 12 : 95 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Lennox , S. S. , Bedell , J. R. , Abramson , L. Y. , Raps , C. and Foley , F. W. 1990 . Judgment of contingency: A replication with hospitalized depressed, schizophrenic and normal samples . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 5 : 189 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , D. J. , Abramson , L. Y. and Alloy , L. B. 1984 . Illusion of control for self and others in depressed and nondepressed college students . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 125 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matute , H. 1996 . Illusion of control: Detecting response-outcome independence in analytic but not in naturalistic conditions . Psychological Science , 7 : 289 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , E. and Lewis , P. 1977 . Recognition memory in elderly patients with depression and dementia: A signal detection analysis . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 86 : 84 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Msetfi , R. M. , Murphy , R. A. and Simpson , J. 2007 . Depressive realism and the effect of intertrial interval on judgements of zero, positive and negative contingencies . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 60 : 461 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Msetfi , R. M. , Murphy , R. A. , Simpson , J. and Kornbrot , D. E. 2005 . Depressive realism and outcome density bias in contingency judgements: The effect of the context and inter-trial interval . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 134 : 10 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , D. G. and Spencer , S. J. 2004 . Social psychology , 2nd ed. , Toronto, , Canada : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 2001 . Abnormal psychology , 2nd ed. , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Pizzagalli , D. A. , Jahn , A. L. and O'Shea , J. P. 2005 . Toward an objective characterization of an anhedonic phenotype: A signal-detection approach . Biological Psychiatry , 57 : 319 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potts , A. J. , Bennett , P. J. , Kennedy , S. H. and Vaccarino , F. J. 1997 . Depressive symptoms and alterations in sucrose taste perception: Cognitive bias or a true change in sensitivity? . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 51 : 57 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presson , P. K. and Benassi , V. A . 2003 . Are depressive symptoms positively or negatively associated with the illusion of control? . Social Behavior & Personality , 31 : 483 – 495 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , B. 1981a . Does helplessness cause depression, or do only depressed people become helpless? Comment on Alloy and Abramson . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 110 : 429 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , B. 1981b . Helplessness, illusions, and depression: Final comment . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 110 : 448 – 449 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seligman , M. E. P. 1975 . Helplessness: On depression, development, and death , San Francisco : Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , E. A. 1985 . Action, control judgments, and the structure of control experience . Psychological Review , 92 : 39 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallée-Tourangeau , F. , Murphy , R. A. , Drew , S. and Baker , A. G. 1998 . Judging the importance of constant and variable candidate causes: A test of the power PC theory . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 51A : 65 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vázquez , C. 1987 . Judgment of contingency: Cognitive biases in depressed and nondepressed subjects . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 419 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickens , T. D. 2002 . Elementary signal detection theory , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zuckerman , M. and Lubin , B. 1965 . Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List , San Diego, CA : Educational and Industrial Testing Service .
   Google Scholar