The influence of goal-state access cost on planning during problem solving

REFERENCES

• Anderson , J. R. 1990 . The adaptive character of thought , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. R. , Bothell , D. and Douglass , S. 2004 . Eye movements do not reflect retrieval processes . Psychological Science , 15 : 225 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. R. and Lebiére , C. 1998 . Atomic components of thought , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Atwood , M. E. and Polson , P. P. 1976 . A process model for water jug problems . Cognitive Psychology , 8 : 191 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkman , J. A. 1993 . Verbal protocol accuracy in fault diagnosis . Ergonomics , 36 : 1381 – 1397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Card , S. K. , English , W. K. and Burr , B. J. 1978 . Evaluation of mouse, rate-controlled isometric joystick, step keys and text keys for text selection on a CRT . Ergonomics , 21 ( 8 ) : 601 – 613 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase , W. G. and Simon , H. A. 1973 . Perception in chess . Cognitive Psychology , 4 : 55 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1960 . A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales . Educational & Psychological Measurement , 20 : 37 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , S. P. 2000 . Memory and planning processes in solutions to well-structured problems . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 53A : 896 – 927 .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , S. P. 2003 . Initial and concurrent planning in solutions to well-structured problems . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 56A : 1147 – 1164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaney , P. F. , Ericsson , A. K. and Knowles , M. A. 2004 . Immediate and sustained effects of planning in a problem-solving task . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 30 : 1219 – 1234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan , G. B. and Payne , S. J. 2001 . Interleaving reading and acting while following procedural instructions . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 7 : 297 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericcson , K. A. 1974 . Problem-solving behavior with the 8-puzzle II: Distribution of latencies (Rep. No. 432) , Stockholm : University of Stockholm, Department of Psychology .
   Google Scholar
• Ericcson , K. A. 1975 . Instruction to verbalize as a means to study problem-solving processes with the 8-puzzle: A preliminary study (Rep. No. 458) , Stockholm : University of Stockholm, Department of Psychology .
   Google Scholar
• Ericcson , K. A. and Simon , H. A. 1993 . Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data (Rev. ed.) , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fleck , J. I. and Weisberg , R. W. 2004 . The use of verbal protocols as data: An analysis of insight in the candle problem . Memory & Cognition , 32 : 990 – 1106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu , W.-T. and Gray , W. D. Memory versus perceptual-motor tradeoffs in a blocks world task . Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society . Edited by: Gleitman , L. R. and Joshi , A. K. pp. 154 – 159 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Fu , W.-T. and Gray , W. D. 2006 . Suboptimal tradeoffs in information seeking . Cognitive Psychology , 52 : 195 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , W. D. and Boehm-Davis , D. A. 2000 . Milliseconds matter: An introduction to microstrategies and their use in describing and predicting interactive behavior . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 6 : 322 – 335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , W. D. and Fu , W.-T. 2001 . Ignoring perfect knowledge in-the-world for imperfect knowledge in-the-head: Implications of rational analysis for interface design . Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 3 ( 1 ) : 112 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , W. D. and Fu , W.-T. 2004 . Soft constraints in interactive behavior: The case of ignoring perfect knowledge in-the-world for imperfect knowledge in-the-head . Cognitive Science , 28 : 359 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , W. D. , Simms , C. R. , Fu , W.-T. and Schoelles , M. J. 2006 . The soft constraints hypothesis. A rational analysis approach to resource allocation for interactive behavior . Psychological Review , 113 : 461 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes-Roth , B. and Hayes-Roth , F. 1979 . A cognitive model of planning . Cognitive Science , 3 : 275 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz , T. S. , Fencsik , D. E. , Fine , E. M. , Yurgenson , S. and Wolfe , J. M. 2007 . Microsaccades and attention: Does a weak correlation make an index? Reply to Laubrock, Engbert, Rolfs, and Kliegl (2007) . Psychological Science , 18 : 367 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin , J. H. 1989 . “ Display-based problem solving ” . In Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert A. Simon , Edited by: Klahr , D. and Kotovsky , K. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie , I. S. 1992 . Fitts' law as a research and design tool in human–computer interaction . Human-Computer Interaction , 7 ( 1 ) : 91 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , G. A. , Galanter , E. and Pribram , K. H. 1960 . Plans and the structure of behaviour , New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , D. A. 1993 . Cognition in the head and in the world: An introduction to the special issue on situated action . Cognitive Science , 17 : 1 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , K. P. and Payne , S. J. 1998 . The effects of operator implementation cost on planfulness of problem solving and learning . Cognitive Psychology , 35 : 34 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , K. P. and Payne , S. J. 1999 . Planning and the user interface: The effects of lockout time and error recovery cost . International Journal of Human-Computer Studies , 50 : 41 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , K. P. , Taylor , A. , Newman , W. and Sellen , A. J. 2002 . Understanding the materiality of writing from multiple sources . International Journal of Human-Computer Studies , 56 : 269 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Regan , J. K. 1992 . Solving the “real” mysteries of visual perception: The world as an outside memory . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 46 : 461 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick , J. and James , N. 2004 . Process tracing of complex cognitive work tasks . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 77 : 259 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , S. J. 1991 . Display-based action at the user interface . International Journal of Man-Machine Studies , 35 : 275 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer , T. 2004 . Problem solving with a simple transformation problem with and without continuous external support . European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , 16 : 555 – 572 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , L. H. , Wynn , V. , McPherson , S. and Gilhooly , K. J. 2001 . Mental planning and the Tower of London task . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 54A : 579 – 597 .
   Google Scholar
• Pizlo , Z. and Li , Z. 2005 . Solving combinatorial problems: The 15-puzzle . Memory & Cognition , 33 : 1069 – 1084 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polya , G. 1957 . How to solve it , Garden City, NY : Doubleday Anchor .
   Google Scholar
• Poulton , E. C. 1982 . Influential companions: Effects of one strategy on another in the within-subjects designs of cognitive psychology . Psychological Bulletin , 9 : 673 – 690 .
   Google Scholar
• Riley , J. M. , Endsley , M. R. , Bolstad , C. A. and Cuevas , H. M. 2006 . Collaborative planning and situation awareness in Army command and control . Ergonomics , 49 : 1139 – 1153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R. A. and Bjork , R. A. 1992 . New conceptualizations of practice: Common principles in three paradigms suggest new concepts for training . Psychological Science , 3 : 207 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schooler , J. W. , Ohlsson , S. and Brooks , K. 1993 . Thoughts beyond words: When language overshadows insight . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 122 : 166 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweller , J. 1988 . Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning . Cognitive Science , 12 : 257 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweller , J. and Levine , M. 1982 . Effects of goal specificity on means-end analysis and learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 8 : 463 – 474 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gog , T. , Pass , F. , van Merriënboer , J. J. G. and Witte , P. 2005 . Uncovering the problem-solving process: Cued retrospective reporting versus concurrent and retrospective reporting . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 11 : 237 – 244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente , K. J. , Moray , N. , Lee , J. D. , Rasmussen , J. , Jones , B. G. Brock , R. 1996 . Evaluation of a Rankine cycle display for nuclear power plant monitoring and diagnosis . Human Factors , 38 : 506 – 521 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollmeyer , R. , Burns , B. D. and Holyoak , K. J. 1996 . The impact of goal specificity on strategy use and the acquisition of problem structure . Cognitive Science , 20 : 75 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldron , S. M. , Patrick , J. , Duggan , G. B. , Banbury , S. and Howes , A. 2008 . Designing information fusion for the encoding of visual-spatial information . Ergonomics , 51 ( 6 ) : 775 – 797 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldron , S. M. , Patrick , J. , Morgan , P. L. and King , S. 2007 . Influencing cognitive strategy by manipulating information access . The Computer Journal , 50 ( 6 ) : 694 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , G. and Allport , A. 1997 . Planning and problem solving using the five disc Tower of London task . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 50A : 49 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Wickens , C. D. and Hollands , J. G. 2000 . Engineering psychology & human performance , 3 , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , M. 2002 . Six views of embodied cognition . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 9 : 625 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods , D. D. , Patterson , E. S. and Roth , E. M. 2002 . Can we ever escape from data overload? A cognitive systems diagnosis . Cognition, Technology, & Work , 4 : 22 – 36 .
   Google Scholar