479
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular articles

The effects of reading comprehension and launch site on frequency–predictability interactions during paragraph reading

&
Pages 1151-1165 | Received 31 May 2013, Accepted 22 Aug 2013, Published online: 09 Nov 2013

REFERENCES

  • Alloway, T. P., & Gregory, D. (2013). The predictive ability of IQ and working memory scores in literacy in an adult population. International Journal of Educational Research, 57, 51--56.
  • Altarriba, J., Kroll, J. F., Sholl, A., & Rayner, K. (1996). The influence of lexical and conceptual constraints on reading mixed language sentences: Evidence from eye fixation and naming times. Memory & Cognition, 24, 477–492. doi: 10.3758/BF03200936
  • Ashby, J., Rayner, K., & Clifton, C. (2005). Eye movements of highly skilled and average readers: Differential effects of frequency and predictability. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 58, 1065–1086. doi: 10.1080/02724980443000476
  • Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 390–412. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2002). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417–423. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
  • Balota, D. A., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (1985). The interaction of contextual constraints and parafoveal visual information in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 364–390. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(85)90013-1
  • Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Cortese, M. J., Hutchison, K. A., Kessler, B., Loftis, B., … Treiman, R. (2007). The English Lexicon project. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 445–459. doi: 10.3758/BF03193014
  • Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68, 255–278. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001
  • Bates, D. M. (2007). Linear mixed model implementation in lme4. Unpublished manuscript. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
  • Brysbaert, M., Drieghe, D., & Vitu, F. (2005). Word skipping: Implications for theories of eye movement control in reading. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Cognitive processes in eye guidance (pp. 53–77). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Brysbaert, M., & New, B. (2009). Moving beyond Kučera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 977–990. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.977
  • Brysbaert, M., & Vitu, F. (1998). Word skipping: Implications for theories of eye movement control in reading. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Eye guidance in reading and scene perception (pp. 125–147). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Drieghe, D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2005). Eye movements and word skipping revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 954–969.
  • Duyck, W., Vanderelst, D., Desmet, T., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2008). The frequency effect in second-language visual word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 850–855. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.4.850
  • Ehrlich, S. F., & Rayner, K. (1981). Contextual effects on word perception and eye movements during reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 641–655. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90220-6
  • Engbert, R., Nuthmann, A., Richter, E. M., & Kliegl, R. (2005). SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological Review, 112, 777–813. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.112.4.777
  • Gollan, T. H., Slattery, T. J., Goldenberg, D., van Assche, E., Duyck, W., & Rayner, K. (2011). Frequency drives lexical access in reading but not in speaking: The frequency-lag hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140, 186–209. doi: 10.1037/a0022256
  • Hand, C. J., Miellet, S., O'Donnell, P. J., & Sereno, S. C. (2010). The frequency-predictability interaction in reading: It depends where you're coming from. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36, 1294–1313.
  • Inhoff, A. W., & Rayner, K. (1986). Parafoveal word processing during eye fixations in reading: Effects of word frequency. Perception & Psychophysics, 40, 431–439. doi: 10.3758/BF03208203
  • Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review, 87, 329–354. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.87.4.329
  • Kaakinen, J. K., & Hyönä, J. (2010). Task effects on eye movements during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 36, 1561–1566.
  • Kennedy, A., Pynte, J., Murray, W. S., & Paul, S-A. (2012). Frequency and predictability effects in the Dundee Corpus: An eye movement analysis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, iFirst, 1–8.
  • Kintsch, W. (1988). The use of knowledge in discourse processing: A construction-integration model. Psychological Review, 95, 163–182. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.163
  • Kliegl, R., Grabner, E., Rolfs, M., & Engbert, R. (2004). Length, frequency, and predictability effects of words on eye movements in reading. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 262–284. doi: 10.1080/09541440340000213
  • Lavigne, F., Vitu, F., & d'Ydewalle, G. (2000). The influence of semantic context on initial landing sites in words. Acta Psychologica, 104, 191–214. doi: 10.1016/S0001-6918(00)00020-2
  • Miellet, S., Sparrow, L., & Sereno, S. C. (2007). Word frequency and predictability effects in reading French: An evaluation of the E-Z Reader model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 762–769. doi: 10.3758/BF03196834
  • Neumann, O. (1987). Beyond capacity: A functional view of attention. In H. Heuer, & A. F. Sanders (Eds.), Perspectives on perception and attention (pp. 361–393). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • O'Regan, J. K. (1990). Eye movements and reading. In E. Kowler (Ed.), Reviews of oculomotor research, vol. 4: Eye movements and their role in visual and cognitive processes (pp. 395–453). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • O'Regan, J. K. (1992). Optimal viewing position in words and the strategy-tactics theory of eye movements in reading. In K. Rayner (Ed.), Eye movements and visual cognition: Scene perception and reading (pp. 333–354). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Pollatsek, A., Reichle, E. D., & Rayner, K. (2006). Tests of the E-Z Reader model: Exploring the interface between cognition and eye movement control. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 1–56. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.06.001
  • R Development Core Team. (2010). Vienna, Austria, R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (Version 2.13.1). Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org
  • Radach, R., & Heller, D. (2000). Relations between spatial and temporal aspects of eye movement control. In A. Kennedy, R. Radach, D. Heller, & J. Pynte (Eds.), Reading as a Perceptual Process (pp. 165–193). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Radach, R., Huestegge, L., & Reilly, R. (2008). The role of global top-down factors in local eye-movement control in reading. Psychological Research, 72, 675–688. doi: 10.1007/s00426-008-0173-3
  • Radach, R., & Kennedy, A. (2004). Theoretical perspectives on eye movements in reading: Past controversies, current issues and an agenda for future research. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 3–26. doi: 10.1080/09541440340000295
  • Radach, R., & Kennedy, A. (2013). Eye movements in reading: Some theoretical context. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (Special Issue on Serial and Parallel processing in Reading), 66, 429–452.
  • Rayner, K. (1975). Parafoveal identification during a fixation in reading. Acta Psychologica, 39, 271–282. doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(75)90011-6
  • Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372–422. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372
  • Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1457–1506. doi: 10.1080/17470210902816461
  • Rayner, K., Ashby, J., Pollatsek, A., & Reichle, E. D. (2004). The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: Implications for the E-Z Reader model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30, 720–732.
  • Rayner, K., Binder, K. S., Ashby, J., & Pollatsek, A. (2001). Eye movement control in reading: Word predictability has little influence on initial landing positions in words. Vision Research, 41, 943–954. doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00310-2
  • Rayner, K., & Duffy, S. A. (1986). Lexical complexity and fixation times in reading: Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity. Memory & Cognition, 14, 191–201. doi: 10.3758/BF03197692
  • Rayner, K., & McConkie, G. W. (1976). What guides a reader's eye movements? Vision Research, 16, 829–837. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(76)90143-7
  • Rayner, K., Pollatsek, A., Ashby, J., & Clifton, C. E. (2012). The psychology of reading. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Rayner, K., & Raney, G. E. (1996). Eye movement control in reading and visual search: Effects of word frequency. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 245–248. doi: 10.3758/BF03212426
  • Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., & Raney, G. E. (1996). Eye movement control in reading: A comparison of two types of models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1188–1200.
  • Rayner, K., & Well, A. D. (1996). Effects of contextual constraint on eye movements in reading: A further examination. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 504–509. doi: 10.3758/BF03214555
  • Reichle, E. D., Reineberg, A. E., & Schooler, J. W. (2010). An eye-movement study of mindless reading. Psychological Science, 21, 1300–1310. doi: 10.1177/0956797610378686
  • Reichle, E. D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z Reader to model the effects of higer-level language processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 1–21. doi: 10.3758/PBR.16.1.1
  • Schotter, E. R., Angele, B., & Rayner, K. (2012). Parafoveal processing in reading. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 74, 5–35. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0219-2
  • Share, D. L., McGee, R., & Silva, P. A. (1989). IQ and reading progress: A test of the capacity notion of IQ. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 97–100. doi: 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00018
  • Slattery, T. J., Staub, A., & Rayner, K. (2012). Saccade launch site as a predictor of fixation durations in reading: Comments on Hand, Miellet, O'Donnell, and Sereno (2010). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 251–261.
  • Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1979). Mechanisms of sentence context effects in reading: Automatic activation and conscious attention. Memory & Cognition, 7, 77–85. doi: 10.3758/BF03197588
  • Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1981). The effect of sentence context on ongoing word recognition: Tests of a two-process theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 658–672.
  • Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1983). On priming by a sentence context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 1–36. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.112.1.1
  • Swanson, H. L. (2003). Age-related differences in learning disabled and skilled readers’ working memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 85, 1–31. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0965(03)00043-2
  • Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (WASI). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (2005). Wechsler individual achievement test 2nd edition (WIAT II). London, UK: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Whitford, V., & Titone, D. (2012). Second language experience modulates first- and second-language word frequency effects: Evidence from eye movement measures of natural paragraph reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 73–80.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.