136
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular articles

Overshadowing by fixed- and variable-duration stimuli

, , &
Pages 523-542 | Received 15 Jan 2014, Accepted 23 Jun 2014, Published online: 01 Oct 2014

REFERENCES

  • Balsam, P. D., & Gallistel, C. R. (2009). Temporal maps and informativeness in associative learning. Trends in Neurosciences, 32, 73–78. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2008.10.004
  • Balsam, P. D., Drew, M. R., & Gallistel, C. R. (2010). Time and associative learning. Comparative Cognition and Behavior Reviews, 5, 1–22. doi: 10.3819/ccbr.2010.50001
  • Blaisdell, A. P., Denniston, J. C., & Miller, R. R. (1998). Temporal encoding as a determinant of overshadowing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 24, 72–83.
  • Bouton, M. E., & Sunsay, C. (2003). Importance of trials versus accumulating time across trials in partially reinforced appetitive conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 62–77.
  • Carr, A. F. (1974). Latent inhibition and overshadowing in conditioned emotional response conditioning with rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 718–723. doi: 10.1037/h0036159
  • Church, R. M., & Broadbent, H. A. (1990). Alternative representations of time, number and rate. Cognition, 37, 55–81. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90018-F
  • Cole, R. P., Barnet, R. C., & Miller, R. R. (1995). Effect of relative stimulus validity: Learning or performance deficit?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 293–303.
  • Denniston, J. C., Savastano, H. I., & Miller, R. R. (2001). The extended comparator hypothesis: Learning by contiguity, responding by relative strength. In R. R. Mower & S. B. Klein (Eds.), Handbook of contemporary learning theories (pp. 65–117). Hillside: Erlbaum.
  • Gallistel, C. R., & Gibbon, J. (2000). Time, rate and conditioning. Psychological Review, 107, 289–344. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.289
  • Gibbon, J., Baldock, M. D., Locurto, C., Gold, L., & Terrace, H. S. (1977). Trial and intertrial intervals in autoshaping. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 3, 264–284.
  • Gibbon, J., & Balsam, P. (1981). Spreading association in time. In L. C. Locurto, H. S. Terrace and J. Gibbon (Eds.), Autoshaping and conditioning theory (pp. 219–253). New York: Academic Press.
  • Gibbon, J., Church, R. M. & Meck, W. H. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. In J. Gibbon and L. Allan (Eds.), Timing and time perception (pp. 52–77). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
  • Gray, J., Alonso, E., Mondragón, E. & Fernández, A (2012). Temporal Difference Simulator © V.1 [Computer software]. London: CAL-R. http://www.cal-r.org/index.php?id=TD-sim
  • Holland, P. C. (2000). Trial and intertrial interval durations in appetitive conditioning in rats. Animal Learning and Behavior, 28, 121–135. doi: 10.3758/BF03200248
  • Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of Behavior. New York: Appleton Century Crofts.
  • Jennings, D., Bonardi, C., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2007). Stimulus duration effects in overshadowing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 464–475.
  • Jennings, D. J., Alonso, E., Mondragón, E., Franssen, M., & Bonardi, C. (2013). The effect of stimulus duration distribution form on the acquisition and rate of conditioned responding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 39, 233–248.
  • Kehoe, E. J. (1982). Overshadowing and summation in conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response to compound stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 8, 313–328.
  • Kehoe, E. J. (1983). CS-US contiguity and CS intensity in conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response to serial compound stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 307–319.
  • Kirkpatrick, K., & Church, R. M. (1998). Are separate theories of conditioning and timing necessary?. Behavioral Processes, 44, 163–182. doi: 10.1016/S0376-6357(98)00047-3
  • Kirkpatrick, K., & Church, R. M. (2000). Stimulus and temporal cues in classical conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 206–219.
  • Kirkpatrick, K. (2002). Packet theory of conditioning and timing?. Behavioral Processes, 57, 89–106. doi: 10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00007-4
  • Kutlu, M. G., & Schmajuk, N. A. (2012). Solving Pavlov's Puzzle: Attentional, associative and flexible configural mechanisms in classical conditioning. Learning and Behavior, 40, 269–291. doi: 10.3758/s13420-012-0083-5
  • Lattal, K. M. (1999). Trial and intertrial durations in Pavlovian conditioning: Issues of learning and performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 433–450.
  • Lubow, R. E., & Moore, A. U. (1959). Latent Inhibition - The effect of nonreinforced preexposure to the conditional stimulus. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 415–419. doi: 10.1037/h0046700
  • Mackintosh, N. J. (1975). A theory of attention: Variation in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychological Review, 82, 276–298. doi: 10.1037/h0076778
  • Mackintosh, N. J. (1976). Overshadowing and stimulus intensity. Animal Learning and Behavior, 4, 186–192. doi: 10.3758/BF03214033
  • Mondragón, E., Gray, J., Alonso, E., Bonardi, C., & Jennings, D. J. (2014). SSCC TD: A serial and simultaneous configural-cue compound stimuli representation for temporal difference learning. PLOS One, 9, e102469.
  • Moore, J. W., Choi, J., & Brunzell, D. H. (1998). Predictive timing under temporal uncertainty: The TD model of the conditioned response. In D. Rosenbaum, A. C. E. Collyer (Eds.), Timing of behavior: Neural, computational, and psychological perspectives (pp. 3–34). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Pavlov, I. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Pearce, J. M. (1994). Similarity and discrimination: A selective review and a connectionist model. Psychological Review, 101, 587–607. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.101.4.587
  • Pearce, J. M., Hall, G. (1980). A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review, 87, 532–552. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.87.6.532
  • Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Behavioral studies of Pavlovian conditioning. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 11, 329–352. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.001553
  • Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning: II. Theory and research (pp. 64–99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (1987). A temporal difference model of classical conditioning. Technical report TR 87–509.2. GTE Lab, Waltham, MA.
  • Tatham, T. A., & Zurn, K. R. (1989). The Med-PC experimental apparatus programming system. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 21, 294–302. doi: 10.3758/BF03205598
  • Terrace, H. S., Gibbon, J., Farrell, L., & Baldock, M. D. (1975). Temporal factors influencing the acquisition and maintenance of an autoshaped keypeck. Animal Learning and Behavior Processes, 3, 53–62. doi: 10.3758/BF03209099
  • Thein, T., Westbrook, R. F., & Harris, J. A. (2008). How the associative strengths of stimuli combine in compound: Summation and overshadowing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 155–166.
  • Vogel, E. H., Brandon, S. E., & Wagner, A. R. (2002). Stimulus representation in SOP II: An application to inhibition of delay. Behavioral Processes, 110, 67–72.
  • Wagner, A. R. (1981). SOP: A model of automatic memory processing in animals. In N. E. Miller & R. R. Spear (Eds.), Information processes in animals: Memory mechanisms. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.