331
Views
42
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular articles

Avoid violence, rioting, and outrage; approach celebration, delight, and strength: Using large text corpora to compute valence, arousal, and the basic emotions

, , , &
Pages 1599-1622 | Received 17 Jan 2014, Accepted 26 Aug 2014, Published online: 17 Nov 2014

REFERENCES

  • Adelman, J. S., & Estes, Z. (2013). Emotion and memory: A recognition advantage for positive and negative words independent of arousal. Cognition, 129, 530–535. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.08.014
  • Altarriba, J., Bauer, L. M., & Benvenuto, C. (1999). Concreteness, context availability, and imageability ratings and word associations for abstract, concrete, and emotion words. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 578–602. doi: 10.3758/BF03200738
  • Aristotle. (200 BCE/1941). The basic works of aristotle. (R. McKeon, Trans.). New York: Random House.
  • Baayen, H. R. (2010). Demythologizing the word frequency effect: A discriminative learning perspective. The Mental Lexicon, 5, 436–461. doi: 10.1075/ml.5.3.10baa
  • Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Cortese, M. J., Hutchison, K. A., Kessler, B., Loftis, B.,  … Treiman, R. (2007). The English Lexicon Project. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 445–459. doi: 10.3758/BF03193014
  • Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999). Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings (Tech.Rep. No. C-1) CITY: University of Florida, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, Gainesville, FL.
  • Briesemeister, B. B., Kuchinke, L., & Jacobs, A. M. (2014). Emotion word recognition: Discrete information effects first, continuous later?. Brain Research, 1564, 62–71. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.045
  • Bullinaria, J. A., & Levy, J. P. (2007). Extracting semantic representations from word co-occurrence statistics: A computational study. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 510–526. doi: 10.3758/BF03193020
  • Bullinaria, J. A., & Levy, J. P. (2012). Extracting semantic representations from word co- occurrence statistics: Stop-lists, stemming, and SVD. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 890–907. doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0183-8
  • Burgess, C., & Lund, K. (2000). The dynamics of meaning in memory. In E. Dietrich and A. B. Markman (Eds.), Cognitive dynamics: Conceptual change in humans and machines (pp. 117–156). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Darwin, C. (1872). The expressions of emotions in man and animals. New York, NY: Philosophical Library.
  • Durda, K., & Buchanan, L. (2008). Windsors: Windsor improved norms of distance and similarity of representations of semantics. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 705–712. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.705
  • Ekman, P. (1980). Biological and cultural contributions to body and facial movement in the expression of emotions. In A. O. Rorty (Ed.), Explaining emotions (pp. 73–102). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Ekman, P. (1999). Basic emotions. In T. Dalgleish, & M. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 45–60). Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science, 164, 86–88. doi: 10.1126/science.164.3875.86
  • Fehr, B., & Russell, J. A. (1984). Concept of emotion viewed from a prototype perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 464–486. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.113.3.464
  • Grainger, J., & Jacobs, A. M. (1996). Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model. Psychological Review, 103, 518–565. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.518
  • Hofmann, M. J., Kuchinke, L., Biemann, C., Tamm, S., & Jacobs, A. M. (2011). Remembering words in context as predicted by an Associative Read-Out Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 1–11, article no. 252.
  • Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York, NY: Plenum.
  • Izard, C. E. (1992). Basic emotions, relations amongst emotions and emotion–cognition relations. Psychological Review, 99, 561–565. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.561
  • Jacobs, A. M., & Grainger, J. (1994). Models of visual word recognition: Sampling the state of the art. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 1311–1334.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Oatley, K. (1989). The language of emotions: An analysis of a semantic field. Cognition and Emotion, 3, 81–123. doi: 10.1080/02699938908408075
  • Jones, M. N., & Mewhort, D. J. K. (2007). Representing word meaning and order information in a composite holographic lexicon. Psychological Review, 114, 1–37. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.1
  • Kassam, K. S., Markey, A. R., Cherkassky, V. L., Loewenstein, G., & Just, M. A. (2013). Identifying emotions on the basis of neural activation. PLoS ONE, 8, e66032. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066032
  • Kousta, S., Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D. P., Andrews, M., & Del Campo, E. (2011). The representation of abstract words: Why emotion matters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140, 14–34. doi: 10.1037/a0021446
  • Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997). A solution to Plato's problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104, 211–240. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.104.2.211
  • Larsen, R. J., Mercer, K. A., Balota, D. A., & Strube, M. J. (2008). Not all negative words slow down lexical decision and naming speed: Importance of word arousal. Emotion, 8, 445–452. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.445
  • Levenson, R. W. (2003). Autonomic specificity and emotion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 212–224). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lifchitz, A., Jhean-Larose, S., & Denhière, G. (2009). Effect of tuned parameters on an LSA multiple choice questions answering model. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1201–1209. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1201
  • Lund, K., & Burgess, C. (1996). Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28, 203–208. doi: 10.3758/BF03204766
  • Morris, C. W. (1946). Signs, language, and behavior. New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Osgood, C. E. (1952). The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 197–237. doi: 10.1037/h0055737
  • Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana, Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Panksepp, J. (1982). Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 407–467. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00012759
  • Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 30–80. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004
  • Panksepp, J. (2007). Neurologizing the psychology of affects: How appraisal-based constructivism and basic emotion theory can coexist. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 281–296. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00045.x
  • Panksepp, J. (2008a). Cognitive conceptualism – Where have all the affects gone?. Additional corrections for Barrett et al. (2007). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 305–308. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00081.x
  • Panksepp, J. (2008b). The power of the word may reside in the power of affect. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 42, 47–55. doi:10.1007/s12124-007-9036-5.
  • Plutchik, R. (1980). A general psychoevolutionary theory of emotion. In R. Plutchik, & H. Kellerman (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research, and experience: Vol. 1. Theories of emotion (pp. 3–33). New York: Academic.
  • Reisenzein, R. (2009). Emotional experience in the computational belief-desire theory of emotion. Emotion Review, 1, 214–222. doi: 10.1177/1754073909103589
  • Rhode, D. L. T., Gonnerman, L. M., & Plaut, D. C. (2007). An improved method for deriving word meaning from lexical co-occurrence. Unpublished manuscript. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved April 20, 2007, from http://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/
  • Robinson, M. D., Storbeck, J., Meier, B. P., & Kirkeby, B. S. (2004). Watch out! That could be dangerous: Valence-arousal interactions in evaluative processing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1472–1484. doi: 10.1177/0146167204266647
  • Rosch, E. H. (1973). Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 328–350. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(73)90017-0
  • Rosch, E. H. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Margolis, & S. Laurence (Eds.), Concepts: Core readings (pp. 189–206). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Ryle, G. (1949). The concept of mind. London: Hutchinson.
  • Scaratino, A., & Griffiths, P. (2011). Don't give up on basic emotions. Emotion Review, 3, 444–454. doi: 10.1177/1754073911410745
  • Shaoul, C., & Westbury, C. (2006a). USENET Orthographic Frequencies for 111,627 English Words. (2005–2006) Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta. Retrieved from http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~westburylab/downloads/wlfreq.download.html
  • Shaoul, C., & Westbury, C. (2006b). Word frequency effects in high-dimensional co-occurrence models: A new approach. Behavior Research Methods, 38, 190–195.
  • Shaoul, C., & Westbury, C. (2008). HiDEx: The high dimensional explorer. Edmonton, AB. Retrieved from http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~westburylab/downloads.html
  • Shaoul, C., & Westbury, C. (2010). Exploring lexical co-occurrence space using HiDEx. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 393–413. doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.2.393
  • Shaoul, C., & Westbury, C. (2011). HiDEx: The high dimensional explorer. In P. McCarthy, & C. Boonthum (Eds.), Applied natural language processing and content analysis: Identification, investigation, and resolution, 230–246. IGI Global.
  • Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O'Connor, C. (1987). Emotion and emotion knowledge: Further explorations of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1061–1086. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061
  • Stevenson, R. A., Mikels, J. A., & James, T. W. (2007). Characterization of the affective norms for English words by discrete emotional categories. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 1020–1024. doi: 10.3758/BF03192999
  • Tomkins, S. S. (1962). Affect, imagery, consciousness: Vol. I: The positive affects. New York: Springer.
  • Tomkins, S. S. (1963). Affect, imagery, consciousness: Vol. II: The negative affects. New York: Springer.
  • Võ, M. L.-H., Conrad, M., Kuchinke, L., Urton, K., Hofmann, M. J., & Jacobs, A. M. (2009). The Berlin affective word list reloaded (BAWL-R). Behavior Research Methods, 41, 534–538. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.2.534
  • Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M. (2013). Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1191–1207. doi: 10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
  • Westbury, C. (2013). Y16ou can't drink a word: Lexical and individual emotionality affect subjective familiarity judgments. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 43, 631–649. doi:10.1007/s10936-013-9266-2
  • Westbury, C. (2014). Human judgments estimated from co-occurrence with affect terms. Retrieved from http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~westburylab/downloads/AffectEstimates.download.html
  • Westbury, C. F., Briesemeister, B. B., Hofmann, M. J., & Jacobs, A. M. (2014). Giving meaning to emotional valence: Co-occurrence models can help. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Westbury, C. F., Shaoul, C., Hollis, G., Smithson, L., Briesemeister, B. B., Hofmann, M. J., & Jacobs, A. M. (2013). Now you see it, now you don't: On emotion, context, & the algorithmic prediction of human imageability judgments. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 991. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00991.
  • Wundt, W. (1896). Grundriss der Psychologie [Outlines of psychology]. Leibzig: Engelmann.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.