Transgressors, victims, and cry babies: Is basic moral judgment spared in autism?

References

• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th ed. , Washington, DC : APA .
   Google Scholar
• Arsenio , W. and Lover , A. 1995 . “ Children's conceptions of sociomoral affect: Happy victimizers, mixed emotions, and other expectancies ” . In Morality in everyday life: Developmental perspectives , Edited by: Killen , M. and Hart , D. 87 – 128 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. 1987 . Autism and symbolic play . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 5 : 139 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. 1988 . Social and pragmatic deficits in autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 18 : 379 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. 1989a . Are autistic children “behaviorists”? An examination of their mental–physical and appearance–reality distinctions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 19 : 579 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. 1989b . Perceptual role-taking and proto-declarative pointing in autism . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 7 : 113 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. 2000 . “ Theory of mind and autism: A fifteen year review ” . In Understanding other minds: Perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Baron-Cohen , S. , Tager-Flusberg , H. and Cohen , D. J. 3 – 20 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. and Goodhart , F. 1994 . The “seeing-leads-to-knowing” deficit in autism: The Pratt and Bryant probe . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 12 : 397 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Leslie , A. M. and Frith , U. 1985 . Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? . Cognition , 21 : 37 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , R. J. R. 1995 . A cognitive developmental approach to morality: Investigating the psychopath . Cognition , 57 : 1 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , R. J. R. 1996 . Brief report: Morality in the autistic child . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 26 : 571 – 579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castelli , F. , Frith , C. D. , Happé , F. and Frith , U. 2002 . Autism, Asperger syndrome and brain mechanisms for the attribution of mental states to animated shapes . Brain , 125 : 1839 – 1849 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charman , T. and Baron-Cohen , S. 1992 . Understanding drawings and beliefs: A further test of the metarepresentation theory of autism [Research Note] . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 33 : 1105 – 1112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charman , T. and Baron-Cohen , S. 1995 . Understanding photos, models, and beliefs: A test of the modularity thesis of theory of mind . Cognitive Development , 10 : 287 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frith , U. , Morton , J. and Leslie , A. M. 1991 . The cognitive basis of a biological disorder: Autism . Trends in Neurosciences , 14 : 433 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene , J. and Haidt , J. 2002 . How (and where) does moral judgment work? . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 6 : 517 – 523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidt , J. 2001 . The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment . Psychological Review , 108 : 814 – 834 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happé , F. G. 1995 . The role of age and verbal ability in the theory of mind task performance of subjects with autism . Child Development , 66 : 843 – 855 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harman , G. 1999 . “ Moral philosophy and linguistics ” . In Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of Philosophy: Vol. 1. Ethics , Edited by: Brinkmann , K. 107 – 115 . Bowling Green, OH : Philosophy Documentation Center .
   Google Scholar
• Hauser , M. ( 2006 ). Moral minds: How nature designed our universal sense of right and wrong . New York : HarperCollins .
   Google Scholar
• Hobson , R. P. 1993 . “ Understanding persons: The role of affect ” . In Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism , Edited by: Baron-Cohen , S. , Tager-Flusberg , H. and Cohen , D. Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kanner , L. 1943 . Autistic disturbances of affective contact . Nervous Child , 2 : 217 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Killen , M. 1991 . “ Social and moral development in early childhood ” . In Handbook of moral behavior and development , Edited by: Kurtines , W. M. and Gerwirtz , J. L. 115 – 138 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Killen , M. , Lee-Kim , J. , McGlothlin , H. , & Stangor , C. ( 2002 ). How children and adolescents evaluate gender and racial exclusion . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 67 ( 4 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohlberg , L. 1984 . The psychology of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Lamb , S. 1991 . “ First moral sense: Aspects of and contributors to a beginning morality in the second year of life ” . In Handbook of moral behavior and development , Edited by: Kurtines , W. M. and Gerwirtz , J. L. 117 – 190 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , A. M. 1987 . Pretense and representation: The origins of “theory of mind” . Psychological Review , 94 : 412 – 426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie , A. M. and Frith , U. 1988 . Autistic children's understanding of seeing, knowing and believing . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 6 : 315 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie , A. M. and Frith , U. 1990 . Prospects for a cognitive neuropsychology of autism: Hobson's choice . Psychological Review , 97 : 122 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie , A. M. , Knobe , J. and Cohen , A. 2006 . Acting intentionally and the side-effect effect: “Theory of mind” and moral judgment . Psychological Science , 17 : 422 – 428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie , A. M. and Thaiss , L. 1992 . Domain specificity in conceptual development: Neuropsychological evidence from autism . Cognition , 43 : 225 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord , C. , Risi , S. , Lambrecht , L. , Cook , E. H. Jr , Leventhal , B. L. , DiLavore , P. C. et al. ( 2000 ). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 30 , 205 – 223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzoff , A. N. and Gopnik , A. 1993 . “ The role of imitation in understanding persons and developing a theory of mind ” . In Understanding other minds: Perspectives from autism , Edited by: Baron-Cohen , S. , Tager-Flusberg , H. and Cohen , D. 335 – 366 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nucci , L. 1985 . Social conflict and the development of children's moral and conventional concepts . New Directions for Child Development , 29 : 55 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Nuñez , M. and Harris , P. L. 1998 . Psychological and deontic concepts: Separate domains or intimate connection? . Mind & Language , 13 : 153 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perner , J. , Frith , U. , Leslie , A. M. and Leekam , S. R. 1989 . Exploration of the autistic child's theory of mind: Knowledge, belief and communication . Child Development , 60 : 689 – 700 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , S. J. and Pennington , B. F. 1991 . A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism . Development and Psychopathology , 3 : 137 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Roth , D. and Leslie , A. M. 1991 . The recognition of attitude conveyed by utterance: A study of preschool and autistic children . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 9 : 315 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , D. and Leslie , A. M. 1998 . Solving belief problems: Toward a task analysis . Cognition , 66 : 1 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxe , R. and Kanwisher , N. 2003 . People thinking about thinking people: The role of the temporo-parietal junction in “theory of mind” . NeuroImage , 19 : 1835 – 1842 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxe , R. and Wexler , A. 2005 . Making sense of another mind: The role of the right temporo-parietal junction . Neuropsychologia , 43 : 1391 – 1399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selman , R. L. 1971 . The relation of role taking to the development of moral judgment in children . Child Development , 42 : 79 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegal , M. and Peterson , C. C. 1998 . Preschoolers’ understanding of lies and innocent and negligent mistakes . Developmental Psychology , 34 : 332 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigman , M. and Capps , L. 1997 . Children with autism: A developmental perspective , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sigman , M. D. , Kasari , C. , Kwon , J. and Yirmiya , N. 1992 . Responses to the negative emotions of others by autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children . Child Development , 63 : 796 – 807 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smetana , J. 1981 . Preschool children's conceptions of moral and social rules . Child Development , 52 : 1333 – 1336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smetana , J. G. 1995 . “ Morality in context: Abstractions, ambiguities and applications ” . In Annals of child development: A research annual Edited by: Vasta , R. Vol. 10 , 83 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Smetana , J. G. and Braeges , J. L. 1990 . The development of toddlers’ moral and conventional judgments . Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , 36 : 329 – 346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sodian , B. and Frith , U. 1992 . Deception and sabotage in autistic, retarded and normal children . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 33 : 591 – 605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surian , L. and Leslie , A. M. 1999 . Competence and performance in false belief understanding: A comparison of autistic and three-year-old children . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 17 : 141 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tager-Flusberg , H. 2001 . “ A re-examination of the theory of mind hypothesis of autism ” . In The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research , Edited by: Burack , J. , Charman , T. , Yirmiya , N. and Zelazo , P. 173 – 193 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Turiel , E. 1983 . The development of social knowledge: Morality and convention , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Turiel , E. and Wainryb , C. 1994 . Social reasoning and the varieties of social experiences in cultural contexts . Advances in Child Development and Behavior , 25 : 289 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman , H. M. , Cross , D. and Watson , J. 2001 . Meta-analysis of theory of mind development: The truth about false-belief . Child Development , 72 : 655 – 684 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wing , L. and Gould , J. 1979 . Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: Epidemiology and classification . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 9 : 11 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar