2,470
Views
182
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Mirror neurons and the social nature of language: The neural exploitation hypothesis

Pages 317-333 | Received 13 Feb 2007, Published online: 31 Oct 2008

References

  • Anderson , M. L. 2003 . Embodied cognition: A field guide . Artificial Intelligence , 149 : 91 – 130 .
  • Arbib , M. A. 2005 . From monkey-like action recognition to human language: an evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 28 : 105 – 168 .
  • Aziz-Zadeh , L. , Cattaneo , L. , Rochat , M. and Rizzolatti , G. 2005 . Covert speech arrest induced by rTMS over both motor and nonmotor left hemisphere frontal sites . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 17 : 928 – 938 .
  • Aziz-Zadeh , L. , Wilson , S. M. , Rizzolatti , G. and Iacoboni , M. 2006 . Congruent embodied representations for visually presented actions and linguistic phrases describing actions . Current Biology , 16 : 1818 – 1823 .
  • Bak , T. H. and Hodges , J. R. 2003 . “Kissing and dancing”—a test to distinguish the lexical and conceptual contributions to noun/verb and object/action dissociations: Preliminary results in patients with frontotemporal dementia . Journal of Neurolinguistics , 16 : 169 – 181 .
  • Bak , T. H. , O'Donovan , D. G. , Xuereb , J. H. , Boniface , S. and Hodges , J. R. 2001 . Selective impairment of verb processing associated with pathological changes in Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the motor neurone disease–dementia–aplasia syndrome . Brain , 124 : 103 – 130 .
  • Bak , T. H. , Yancopoulou , D. , Nestor , P. J. , Xuereb , J. H. , Spillantini , M. G. Pulvermuller , F. 2006 . Clinical, imaging and pathological correlates of a hereditary deficit in verb and action processing . Brain , 129 : 321 – 332 .
  • Barrett , L. and Henzi , P. 2005 . The social nature of primate cognition. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London . Series B: Biological Sciences , 272 : 1865 – 1875 .
  • Barrett , L. , Henzi , P. and Rendall , D. 2007 . Social brains, simple minds: does social complexity really require cognitive complexity? . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences , 362 ( 1480 ) : 561 – 575 .
  • Barsalou , L. W. 1999 . Perceptual symbol systems . Behavioral Brain Science , 22 : 577 – 609 .
  • Bernardis , P. and Gentilucci , M. 2006 . Speech and gesture share the same communication system . Neuropsychologia , 44 : 178 – 190 .
  • Bickerton , D. 1995 . Language and human behavior , Seattle, WA : University of Washington Press .
  • Bookheimer , S. 2002 . Functional MRI of language: New approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing . Annual Review of Neuroscience , 25 : 151 – 188 .
  • Borghi , A. M. , Glenberg , A. M. and Kaschak , M. P. 2004 . Putting words in perspective . Memory and Cognition , 32 : 863 – 873 .
  • Boroditsky , L. 2000 . Metaphoric structuring: understanding time through spatial metaphors . Cognition , 75 : 1 – 28 .
  • Boroditsky , L. and Ramscar , M. 2002 . The roles of body and mind in abstract thought . Psychological Science , 13 : 185 – 188 .
  • Buccino , G. , Binkofski , F. , Fink , G. R. , Fadiga , L. , Fogassi , L. Gallese , V. 2001 . Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study . European Journal of Neuroscience , 13 : 400 – 404 .
  • Buccino , G. , Lui , F. , Canessa , N. , Patteri , I. , Lagravinese , G. Benuzzi , F. 2004a . Neural circuits involved in the recognition of actions performed by nonconspecifics: An fMRI study . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 16 : 114 – 126 .
  • Buccino , G. , Riggio , L. , Melli , G. , Binkofski , F. , Gallese , V. and Rizzolatti , G. 2005 . Listening to action-related sentences modulates the activity of the motor system: a combined TMS and behavioral study . Cognitive Brain Research , 24 : 355 – 363 .
  • Buccino , G. , Vogt , S. , Ritzl , A. , Fink , G. R. , Zilles , K. Freund , H.-J. 2004b . Neural circuits underlying imitation learning of hand actions: an event-related fMRI study . Neuron , 42 : 323 – 334 .
  • Chambers , C. G. , Tanenhaus , M. K. and Magnuson , J. S. 2004 . Actions and affordances in syntactic ambiguity resolution . Journal of Memory and Language , 30 : 687 – 696 .
  • Chartrand , T. L. and Bargh , J. A. 1999 . The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 76 : 893 – 910 .
  • Clark , A. 1997 . Being there: Bringing brain, body, and world together again , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Clark , H. H. and Wilkes-Gibbs , D. 1986 . Referring as a collaborative process . Cognition , 22 : 1 – 39 .
  • Coltheart , M. 2006 . What has functional neuroimaging told us about the mind (so far)? . Cortex , 42 : 323 – 331 .
  • Corballis , M. C. 2002 . From hand to mouth: The origins of language , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Corballis , M. C. 2004 . FOXP2 and the mirror system . Trends in Cognitive Science , 8 : 95 – 96 .
  • Costa , V. 2006 . Esperire e parlare. Interpretazione di Heidegger , Milano, , Italy : JACA Book .
  • de Saussure , F. 1973/1974 . Course in general linguistics (Trans. W. Baskins) . London : Fontana/Collins .
  • de Vignemont , F. and Singer , T. 2006 . The emphatic brain: how, when, and why? . Trends in Cognitive Science , 10 : 435 – 441 .
  • Embick , D. , Marantz , A. , Miyashita , Y. , O'Neil , W. and Sakai , K. L. 2000 . A syntactic specialization for Broca's area . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 97 : 6150 – 6154 .
  • Fadiga , L. , Craighero , L. , Buccino , G. and Rizzolatti , G. 2002 . Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: a TMS study . European Journal of Neuroscience , 15 : 399 – 402 .
  • Fadiga , L. and Gallese , V. 1997 . Action representation and language in the brain . Theoretical Linguistics , 23 : 267 – 280 .
  • Ferrari , P. F. , Gallese , V. , Rizzolatti , G. and Fogassi , L. 2003 . Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and communicative mouth actions in the monkey ventral premotor cortex . European Journal of Neuroscience , 17 : 1703 – 1714 .
  • Ferrari , P. F. , Maiolini , C. , Addessi , E. , Fogassi , L. and Visalberghi , E. 2005 . The observation and hearing of eating actions activates motor programs related to eating in macaque monkeys . Behavioural Brain Research , 161 : 95 – 101 .
  • Flombaum , J. L. and Santos , L. R. 2006 . Rhesus monkeys attribute perceptions to others . Current Biology , 15 : 447 – 452 .
  • Fodor , J. 1983 . The modularity of mind , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Fodor , J. 1998 . Concepts , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Fogassi , L. , Ferrari , P. F. , Gesierich , B. , Rozzi , S. , Chersi , F. and Rizzolatti , G. 2005 . Parietal lobe: From action organization to intention understanding . Science , 302 : 662 – 667 .
  • Freedberg , D. and Gallese , V. 2007 . Motion, emotion and empathy in aesthetic experience . Trends in Cognitive Science , 11 : 197 – 203 .
  • Friederici , A. D. 2004 . Processing local transitions versus long-distance syntactic hierarchies . Trends in Cognitive Science , 8 : 245 – 247 .
  • Friederici , A. D. , Bahlmann , J. , Heim , S. , Schubotz , R. I. and Anwander , A. 2006 . The brain differentiates human and non-human grammars: functional localization and structural connectivity . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 103 : 2458 – 2463 .
  • Gallese , V. 2001 . The “shared manifold” hypothesis: from mirror neurons to empathy . Journal of Consciousness Studies , 8 ( 5–7 ) : 33 – 50 .
  • Gallese , V. 2003a . The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: The quest for a common mechanism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . Series B: Biological Sciences , 358 : 517 – 528 .
  • Gallese , V. 2003b . The roots of empathy: The shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity . Psychopathology , 36 ( 4 ) : 171 – 180 .
  • Gallese , V. 2003c . A neuroscientific grasp of concepts: From control to representation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . Series B: Biological Sciences , 358 : 1231 – 1240 .
  • Gallese , V. 2005a . Embodied simulation: from neurons to phenomenal experience . Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences , 4 : 23 – 48 .
  • Gallese , V. 2005b . “Being like me”: self–other identity, mirror neurons and empathy ” . In Perspectives on imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science , Edited by: Hurley , S. and Chater , N. Vol. 1 , 101 – 118 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Gallese , V. 2006 . Intentional attunement: A neurophysiological perspective on social cognition and its disruption in autism . Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research , 1079 : 15 – 24 .
  • Gallese , V. 2007 . Before and below theory of mind: Embodied simulation and the neural correlates of social cognition . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences , 362 : 659 – 669 .
  • Gallese , V. , Fadiga , L. , Fogassi , L. and Rizzolatti , G. 1996 . Action recognition in the premotor cortex . Brain , 119 : 593 – 609 .
  • Gallese , V. , Fogassi , L. , Fadiga , L. and Rizzolatti , G. 2002 . “ Action representation and the inferior parietal lobule ” . In Attention and performance XIX , Edited by: Prinz , W. and Hommel , B. 247 – 266 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Gallese , V. and Goldman , A. 1998 . Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading . Trends in Cognitive Science , 12 : 493 – 501 .
  • Gallese , V. , Keysers , C. and Rizzolatti , G. 2004 . A unifying view of the basis of social cognition . Trends in Cognitive Science , 8 : 396 – 403 .
  • Gallese , V. and Lakoff , G. 2005 . The brain's concepts: The role of the sensorimotor system in reason and language . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 22 : 455 – 479 .
  • Gentilucci , M. 2003 . Grasp observation influences speech production . European Journal of Neuroscience , 17 : 179 – 184 .
  • Gentilucci , M. , Benuzzi , F. , Gangitano , M. and Grimaldi , S. 2001 . Grasp with hand and mouth: a kinematic study on healthy subjects . Journal of Neurophysiology , 86 : 1685 – 1699 .
  • Gentilucci , M. , Bernardis , P. , Crisi , G. and Volta , R. D. 2006 . Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of Broca's area affects verbal responses to gesture observation . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 18 : 1059 – 1074 .
  • Gentilucci , M. and Corballis , M. C. 2006 . From manual gesture to speech: A gradual transition . Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 30 : 949 – 960 .
  • Gentilucci , M. , Santunione , P. , Roy , A. C. and Stefanini , S. 2004a . Execution and observation of bringing a fruit to the mouth affect syllable pronunciation . European Journal of Neuroscience , 19 : 190 – 202 .
  • Gentilucci , M. , Stefanini , S. , Roy , A. C. and Santunione , P. 2004b . Action observation and speech production: study on children and adults . Neuropsychologia , 42 : 1554 – 1567 .
  • Gentner , T. Q. , Fenn , K. M. , Margoliash , D. and Nusbaum , H. C. 2006 . Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds . Nature , 440 : 1204 – 1207 .
  • Gibson , J. 1979 . The ecological approach to visual perception , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Glenberg , A. M. 1997 . What memory is for . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 20 : 1 – 55 .
  • Glenberg , A. M. and Kaschak , M. P. 2002 . Grounding language in action . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 9 : 558 – 565 .
  • Glenberg , A. M. and Robertson , D. A. 2000 . Symbol grounding and meaning: A comparison of high-dimensional and embodied theories of meaning . Journal of Memory and Language , 43 : 379 – 401 .
  • Goldberg , A. E. 2003 . Constructions: A new theoretical approach to language . Trends in Cognitive Science , 7 : 219 – 224 .
  • Goldin-Meadow , S. 1999 . The role of gesture in communication and thinking . Trends in Cognitive Science , 3 : 419 – 429 .
  • Greenfield , P. M. 1991 . Language, tools, and brain: The ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized sequential behavior . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 14 ( 4 ) : 531 – 550 .
  • Grodzinsky , Y. 2006 . The language faculty, Broca's region, and the mirror system . Cortex , 42 : 464 – 468 .
  • Hare , B. and Tomasello , M. 2005 . Human-like social skills in dogs? . Trends in Cognitive Science , 9 : 439 – 444 .
  • Hare , B. , Call , J. , Agnetta , B. and Tomasello , M. 2000 . Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not see . Animal Behavior , 59 : 771 – 785 .
  • Hauk , O. , Johnsrude , I. and Pulvermüller , F. 2004 . Somatotopic representation of action words in human motor and premotor cortex . Neuron , 41 ( 2 ) : 301 – 307 .
  • Hauser , M. D. , Chomsky , N. and Fitch , W. T. 2002 . The faculty of language: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? . Science , 298 : 1569 – 1579 .
  • Hauser , M. D. and Fitch , W. T. 2004 . Computational constraints on syntactic processing in a non-human primate . Science , 303 : 377 – 380 .
  • Heidegger , M. 1962 . Being and time (Trans. J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson) . New York : Harper & Row . (Originally published 1927)
  • Heidegger , M. 1985 . History of the concept of time (Trans. Theodore Kisiel) . Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press . (Originally published 1925)
  • Heidegger , M. 1995 . The fundamental concepts of metaphysics . World, finitude, solitude (Trans. W. McNeill & N. Walker) . Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press . (Originally published 1929)
  • Hjelmslev , J. 1959 . Essais linguistiques , Copenhagen, , Denmark : Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen .
  • Iacoboni , M. , Molnar-Szakacs , I. , Gallese , V. , Buccino , G. , Mazziotta , J. and Rizzolatti , G. 2005 . Grasping the intentions of others with one's owns mirror neuron system . PLOS Biology , 3 : 529 – 535 .
  • Iacoboni , M. , Woods , R. P. , Brass , M. , Bekkering , H. , Mazziotta , J. C. and Rizzolatti , G. 1999 . Cortical mechanisms of human imitation . Science , 286 : 2526 – 2528 .
  • Iverson , J. M. and Goldin-Meadow , S. 2005 . Gesture paves the way for language development . Psychological Science , 16 : 367 – 371 .
  • Jacob , P. and Jeannerod , M. 2004 . The motor theory of social cognition: a critique . Trends in Cognitive Neuroscience , 9 : 21 – 25 .
  • Kemmerer , D. and Tranel , D. 2000 . A double dissociation between linguistic and perceptual representations of spatial relationships . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 17 : 393 – 414 .
  • Kemmerer , D. and Tranel , D. 2003 . A double dissociation between the meanings of action verbs and locative prepositions . Neurocase , 9 : 421 – 435 .
  • Knoblich , G. and Jordan , J. S. 2002 . “ The mirror system and joint action ” . In Mirror neurons and the evolution of brain and language , Edited by: Stamenov , M. I. and Gallese , V. 115 – 124 . Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
  • Kohler , E. , Keysers , C. , Umiltà , M. A. , Fogassi , L. , Gallese , V. and Rizzolatti , G. 2002 . Hearing sounds, understanding actions: Action representation in mirror neurons . Science , 297 : 846 – 848 .
  • Lakoff , G. 1987 . Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Lakoff , G. and Johnson , M. 1980 . Metaphors we live by , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Lakoff , G. and Johnson , M. 1999 . Philosophy in the flesh , New York : Basic Books .
  • Lashley , K. S. 1951 . “ The problem of serial order in behavior ” . In Cerebral mechanisms in behavior , Edited by: Jeffress , L. A. 112 – 146 . New York : Wiley .
  • Marsden , C. D. 1984 . Which motor disorder in Parkinson's disease indicates the true motor function of the basal ganglia? In Functions of the basal ganglia (Ciba Foundation Symposium, 108, pp. 225–241) . London : Pittman .
  • Masataka , N. 2001 . Why early linguistic milestones are delayed in children with Williams syndrome: late onset of hand banging as a possible rate-limiting constraint on the emergence of canonical babbling . Developmental Science , 4 : 158 – 164 .
  • Matlock , T. 2004 . Fictive motion as cognitive simulation . Memory and Cognition , 32 : 1389 – 1400 .
  • McGuigan , F. J. and Dollins , A. B. 1989 . Patterns of covert speech behavior and phonetic coding . Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science , 24 : 19 – 26 .
  • Merleau-Ponty , M. 1964 . Signs. (R. C. McClearly, Trans.) . Evanston, IL : Northwestern University Press . (Original work published 1960)
  • Musso , M. , Moro , A. , Glauche , V. , Rijntjes , M. , Reichenbach , J. Buchel , C. 2003 . Broca's area and the language instinct . Nature Neuroscience , 6 : 774 – 781 .
  • Newman , S. D. , Just , M. A. , Keller , T. A. , Roth , J. and Carpenter , P. A. 2003 . Differential effects of syntactic and semantic processing on the subregions of Broca's area . Cognitive Brain Research , 16 : 297 – 307 .
  • Niedenthal , P. M. , Barsalou , L. W. , Winkielman , P. , Krauth-Gruber , S. and Ric , F. 2005 . Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 9 : 184 – 211 .
  • Nishitani , N. , Schurmann , M. , Amunts , K. and Hari , R. 2005 . Broca's region: From action to language . Physiology , 20 : 60 – 69 .
  • Pacherie , E. and Dokic , J. 2006 . From mirror neurons to joint action . Cognitive Systems Research , 7 : 101 – 112 .
  • Paukner , A. , Anderson , J. R. , Borelli , E. , Visalberghi , E. and Ferrari , P. F. 2005 . Macaques (Macaca nemestrina) recognize when they are being imitated . Biology Letters , 1 : 219 – 222 .
  • Pickering , M. J. and Garrod , S. 2004 . Toward a mechanistic psychology of dialogue . Behavioral Brain Science , 27 : 169 – 226 .
  • Pinker , S. and Jackendoff , R. 2005 . The faculty of language: what's special about it? . Cognition , 95 : 201 – 236 .
  • Povinelli , D. and Vonk , J. 2003 . Chimpanzee minds: Suspiciously human? . Trends in Cognitive Science , 7 : 157 – 160 .
  • Povinelli , D. J. and Eddy , T. J. 1996 . What young chimpanzees know about seeing . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 61 : 1 – 152 .
  • Pulvermüller , F. 1999 . Word in the brain's language . Behavioral Brain Sciences , 22 : 253 – 336 .
  • Pulvermüller , F. 2002 . The neuroscience of language , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Pulvermüller , F. , Härle , M. and Hummel , F. 2000 . Neurophysiological distinction of verb categories . Neuroreport , 11 : 2789 – 2793 .
  • Pulvermüller , F. , Shtyrov , Y. and Ilmoniemi , R. J. 2003 . Spatio-temporal patterns of neural language processing: an MEG study using minimum-norm current estimates . NeuroImage , 20 : 1020 – 1025 .
  • Pylyshyn , Z. W. 1984 . Computation and cognition: Toward a foundation for cognitive science , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Ricouer , P. 1991 . From text to action. Essays in hermeneutics , II (Trans. K. Blamey & J. B. Tompson) . Evanston, IL : Northwestern University Press . (Originally published 1986)
  • Rizzolatti , G. and Arbib , M. A. 1998 . Language within our grasp . Trends in Neuroscience , 21 : 188 – 194 .
  • Rizzolatti , G. , Camarda , R. , Fogassi , M. , Gentilucci , M. , Luppino , G. and Matelli , M. 1988 . Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey: II. Area F5 and the control of distal movements . Experimental Brain Research , 71 : 491 – 507 .
  • Rizzolatti , G. and Craighero , L. 2004 . The mirror neuron system . Annual Review of Neuroscience , 27 : 169 – 192 .
  • Rizzolatti , G. , Fadiga , L. , Gallese , V. and Fogassi , L. 1996 . Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions . Cognitive Brain Research , 3 : 131 – 141 .
  • Rizzolatti , G. , Fogassi , L. and Gallese , V. 2001 . Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action . Nature Neuroscience Reviews , 2 : 661 – 670 .
  • Rizzolatti , G. , Fogassi , L. and Gallese , V. 2006 . Mirrors in the mind . Scientific American , 295 ( 5 ) : 54 – 61 .
  • Santos , L. R. , Nissen , A. G. and Ferrugia , J. A. 2006 . Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, know what others can and cannot hear . Animal Behavior , 71 : 1175 – 1181 .
  • Schubotz , R. I. and von Cramon , D. Y. 2004 . Sequences of abstract nonbiological stimuli share ventral premotor cortex with action observation and imagery . Journal of Neuroscience , 24 : 5467 – 5474 .
  • Sommerville , J. A. and Decety , J. 2006 . Weaving the fabric of social interaction: articulating developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience in the domain of motor cognition . Psychonmic Bulletin and Review , 13 : 179 – 200 .
  • Subiaul , F. , Cantlon , J. F. , Holloway , R. L. and Terrace , H. S. 2004 . Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaque . Science , 305 : 407 – 410 .
  • Tettamanti , M. , Alkadhi , H. , Moro , A. , Perani , D. , Kollias , S. and Weniger , D. 2002 . Neural correlates for the acquisition of natural language syntax . NeuroImage , 17 : 700 – 709 .
  • Tettamanti , M. , Buccino , G. , Saccuman , M. C. , Gallese , V. , Danna , M. Scifo , P. 2005 . Listening to action-related sentences activates fronto-parietal motor circuits . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 17 : 273 – 281 .
  • Tomasello , M. , Carpenter , M. , Call , J. , Behne , T. and Moll , H. 2005 . Understanding and sharing intentions: the origins of cultural cognition . Behav Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 28 : 675 – 691 .
  • Ullman , M. T. 2001 . A neurocognitive perspective on language: The declarative/procedural model . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 2 : 717 – 726 .
  • Umiltà , M. A. , Kohler , E. , Gallese , V. , Fogassi , L. , Fadiga , L. Keysers , C. 2001 . “I know what you are doing”: a neurophysiological study . Neuron , 32 : 91 – 101 .
  • Watkins , K. E. and Paus , T. 2004 . Modulation of motor excitability during speech perception: the role of Broca's area . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 16 : 978 – 987 .
  • Watkins , K. E. , Strafella , A. P. and Paus , T. 2003 . Seeing and hearing speech excites the motor system involved in speech production . Neuropsychologia , 41 ( 8 ) : 989 – 994 .
  • Wildgruber , D. , Ackermann , H. , Klose , U. , Kardatzki , B. and Grodd , W. 1996 . Functional lateralization of speech production at primary motor cortex: An fMRI study . Neuroreport , 7 : 2791 – 2795 .
  • Wilson , S. M. , Saygin , A. P. , Sereno , M. I. and Iacoboni , M. 2004 . Listening to speech activates motor areas involved in speech production . Nature Neuroscience , 7 : 701 – 702 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.