Neural responses to faces reflect social personality traits

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington, DC : APA .
   Google Scholar
• Behrmann , M. , Thomas , C. and Humphreys , K. 2006 . Seeing it differently: Visual processing in autism . Trends in Cognitive Science , 10 ( 6 ) : 258 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentin , S. , Allison , T. , Puce , A. , Perez , E. and McCarthy , G. 1996 . Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 8 : 551 – 565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentin , S. and Deouell , L. Y. 2000 . Structural encoding and identification in face processing: ERP evidence for separate mechanisms . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 17 : 35 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentin , S. , Sagiv , N. , Mecklinger , A. , Friederici , A. and von Cramon , Y. D. 2002 . Priming visual face-processing mechanisms: Electrophysiological evidence . Psychological Science , 13 ( 2 ) : 190 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce , V. and Young , A. 1986 . Understanding face recognition . British Journal of Psychology , 77 ( 3 ) : 305 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso , J. C. , Witkiewitz , K. , Belcourt-Dittloff , A. and Gottlieb , J. D. 2001 . Reliability of scores from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: A reliability generalization study . Educatioinal and Psychological Measurement , 61 : 675 – 689 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , C. , Xu , Y. Q. , Shum , H. Y. , Zhu , S. C. and Zheng , N. N. 2001 . “ Example-based facial sketch generation with non-parametric sampling ” . In Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Vancouver, , Canada
   Google Scholar
• Churches , O. , Baron-Cohen , S. and Ring , H. 2009 . Seeing face-like objects: An event-related potential study . NeuroReport , 20 ( 14 ) : 1290 – 1294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson , G. , Carver , L. , Meltzoff , A. N. , Panagiotides , H. , McPartland , J. and Webb , S. J. 2002 . Neural correlates of face and object recognition in young children with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and typical development . Child Development , 73 ( 3 ) : 700 – 717 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson , G. , Webb , S. J. and McPartland , J. 2005 . Understanding the nature of face processing impairment in autism: Insights from behavioral and electrophysiological studies . Developmental Neuropsychology , 27 ( 3 ) : 403 – 424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Haan , M. , Pascalis , O. and Johnson , M. H. 2002 . Specialization of neural mechanisms underlying face recognition in human infants . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 14 ( 2 ) : 199 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond , R. and Carey , S. 1986 . Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 115 ( 2 ) : 107 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer , M. 1998 . Does the face-specific N170 component reflect the activity of a specialized eye processor? . NeuroReport , 9 ( 13 ) : 2945 – 2948 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer , M. 2000a . Effects of face inversion on the structural encoding and recognition of faces. Evidence from event-related brain potentials . Cognitive Brain Research , 10 ( 1–2 ) : 145 – 158 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eimer , M. 2000b . The face-specific N170 component reflects late stages in the structural encoding of faces . NeuroReport , 11 ( 10 ) : 2319 – 2324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer , M. and Holmes , A. 2007 . Event-related brain potential correlates of emotional face processing . Neuropsychologia , 45 ( 1 ) : 15 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer , M. , Holmes , A. and McGlone , F. P. 2003 . The role of spatial attention in the processing of facial expression: An ERP study of rapid brain responses to six basic emotions . Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience , 3 ( 2 ) : 97 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , H. D. and Young , A. 1989 . “ Are faces special? ” . In Handbook of research on face processing , 1 – 26 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck , H. J. and Eysenck , S. B. G. 1964 . The manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory , London : University of London Press .
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck , H. J. and Eysenck , S. B. G. 1994 . Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: Comprising the EPQ-Revised (EPQ-R) and EPQ-R Short Scale , San Diego, CA : EdITS .
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck , S. B. G. , Eysenck , H. J. and Barrett , P. 1985 . A revised version of the psychoticism scale . Personality and Individual Differences , 6 : 21 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck , S. B. G. and Tambs , K. 1990 . Cross-cultural comparison of personality: Norway and England . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 31 : 191 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farah , M. J. , Wilson , K. D. , Drain , M. and Tanaka , J. N. 1998 . What is “special” about face perception? . Psychological Review , 105 ( 3 ) : 482 – 498 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink , A. 2005 . Event-related desynchronization in the EEG during emotional and cognitive information processing: Differential effects of extraversion . Biological Psychology , 70 ( 3 ) : 152 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Gajewski , P. D. , Schlegal , K. and Stoerig , P. 2008 . Effects of human race and face inversion on the N170: A cross-race study . Journal of Psychophysiology , 22 ( 4 ) : 157 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gale , A. , Joanne , E. , Morris , P. , Moore , R. and Forrester , D. 2001 . Extraversion–introversion, neuroticism–stability, and EEG indicators of positive and negative empathic mood . Personality and Individual Differences , 30 : 449 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier , I. and Nelson , C. A. 2001 . The development of face expertise . Current Opinion in Neurobiology , 11 ( 2 ) : 219 – 224 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gauthier , I. , Skudlarski and Anderson , A. W. 2000 . Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved in face recognition . Nature Neuroscience , 3 ( 2 ) : 191 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier , I. and Tarr , M. J. 1997 . Becoming a “Greeble” expert: Exploring mechanisms for face recognition . Vision Research , 37 ( 12 ) : 1673 – 1682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grelotti , D. J. , Gauthier , I. and Schultz , R. T. 2002 . Social interest and the development of cortical face specialization: What autism teaches us about face processing . Developmental Psychobiology , 40 ( 3 ) : 213 – 225 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemel , B. , Mottron , L. and Dawson , M. 2006 . Impaired face processing in autism: Fact or artifact? . Journal of Autism Developmental Disorder , 36 ( 1 ) : 91 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung , C. G. 1955 . The Interpretation of Nature and Psyche , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Kanwisher , N. , McDermott , J. and Chun , M. M. 1997 . The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception . Journal of Neuroscience , 17 ( 11 ) : 4302 – 4311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanwisher , N. , Stanley , D. and Harris , A. 1999 . The fusiform face area is selective for faces not animals . NeuroReport , 10 ( 1 ) : 183 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Kittler , J. E. , Menard , W. and Phillips , K. A. 2007 . Weight concerns in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder . Eating Behaviors , 8 ( 1 ) : 115 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Klin , A. , Sparrow , S. , de Bildt , A. , Cicchetti , D. V. , Cohen , D. J. and Volkmar , F. R. 1999 . A normed study of face recognition in autism and related disorders . Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders , 29 ( 6 ) : 499 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langdell , T. 1978 . Recognition of faces: An approach to the study of autism . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 19 ( 3 ) : 255 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPartland , J. , Dawson , G. , Webb , S. J. , Panagiotides , H. and Carver , L. J. 2004 . Event-related brain potentials reveal anomalies in temporal processing of faces in autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45 ( 7 ) : 1235 – 1245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minear , M. and Park , D. C. 2004 . A lifespan database of adult facial stimuli . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers , 36 : 630 – 633 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossion , B. , Gauthier , I. , Tarr , M. J. , Despland , P. , Bruyer , R. Linotte , S. 2000 . The N170 occipito-temporal component is delayed and enhanced to inverted faces but not to inverted objects: An electrophysiological account of face-specific processes in the human brain . NeuroReport , 11 ( 1 ) : 69 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagiv , N. and Bentin , S. 2001 . Structural encoding of human and schematic faces: Holistic and part-based processes . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 13 ( 7 ) : 937 – 951 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , W. , Eschman , A. and Zuccolotto , A. 2002 . E‐prime user's guide , Pittsburgh, PA : Psychology Software Tools .
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka , J. W. and Farah , M. J. 1993 . Parts and wholes in face recognition . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A , 46 ( 2 ) : 225 – 245 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor , M. J. , Batty , M. and Itier , R. J. 2004 . The faces of development: A review of early face processing over childhood . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 16 ( 8 ) : 1426 – 1442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , M. J. , McCarthy , G. , Saliba , E. and Degiovanni , E. 1999 . ERP evidence of developmental changes in processing of faces . Clinical Neurophysiology , 110 ( 5 ) : 910 – 915 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thierry , G. , Martin , C. D. , Downing , P. and Pegna , A. J. 2007 . Controlling for interstimulus perceptual variance abolishes N170 face-selectivity . Nature Neuroscience , 10 ( 4 ) : 505 – 511 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , W. B. and Mueller , J. H. 1984 . Face memory and hemispheric preference: Emotionality and extraversion . Brain and Cognition , 3 ( 3 ) : 239 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Tottenham , N. , Tanaka , J. , Leon , A. C. , McCarry , T. , Nurse , M. Hare , T. A. 2009 . The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants . Psychiatry Research , 168 : 242 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker , D. M. 1993 . Spatial sampling of head electrical fields: The geodesic sensor net . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 87 ( 3 ) : 154 – 163 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yin , R. 1969 . Looking at upside down faces . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 81 : 141 – 145 .
   Google Scholar