Social exclusion in middle childhood: Rejection events, slow-wave neural activity, and ostracism distress

REFERENCES

• Asher , S. R. and Coie , J. D. 1990 . Peer rejection in childhood , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baas , J. M. , Kenemans , J. L. , Bocker , K. B. and Verbaten , M. N. 2002 . Threat-induced cortical processing and startle potentiation . NeuroReport , 13 : 133 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Buhs , E. S. and Ladd , G. W. 2001 . Peer rejection as an antecedent of young children's school adjustment: An examination of mediating process . Developmental Psychology , 37 : 550 – 560 .
   Google Scholar
• Crick , N. R. and Dodge , K. A. 1994 . A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment . Psychological Bulletin , 115 : 74 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Crowley , M. J. , Wu , J. , Bailey , C. A. and Mayes , L. C. 2009a . Bringing in the negative reinforcements: The avoidance feedback-related negativity . NeuroReport , 20 : 1513 – 1517 .
   Google Scholar
• Crowley , M. J. , Wu , J. , McCarty , E. R. , David , D. H. , Bailey , C. A. and Mayes , L. C. 2009b . Exclusion and micro-rejection: Event-related potential response predicts mitigated distress . NeuroReport , 20 : 1518 – 1522 .
   Google Scholar
• Cuthbert , B. N. , Schupp , H. T. , Bradley , M. M. , Birbaumer , N. and Lang , P. J. 2000 . Brain potentials in affective picture processing: Covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report . Biological Psychology , 52 : 95 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Deater-Deckard , K. 2001 . Annotation: Recent research examining the role of peer relationships in the development of psychopathology . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 42 : 565 – 579 .
   Google Scholar
• Dodge , K. A. , Lansford , J. E. , Burks , V. S. , Bates , J. E. , Pettit , G. S. Fontaine , R. 2003 . Peer rejection and social information-processing factors in the development of aggressive behavior problems in children . Child Development , 74 : 374 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• Donchin , E. and Coles , M. G. H. 1988 . Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 11 : 355 – 372 .
   Google Scholar
• Downey , G. , Lebolt , A. , Rincón , C. and Freitas , A. L. 1998 . Rejection sensitivity and children's interpersonal difficulties . Child Development , 69 : 1074 – 1091 .
   Google Scholar
• Downey , G. , Mougios , V. , Ayduk , O. , London , B. E. and Shoda , Y. 2004 . Rejection sensitivity and the defensive motivational system: insights from the startle response to rejection cues . Psychological Science , 15 : 668 – 673 .
   Google Scholar
• Downey , G. and Walker , E. 1989 . Social cognition and adjustment in children at risk for psychopathology . Developmental Psychology , 25 : 835 – 845 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , N. I. , Jarcho , J. M. , Lieberman , M. D. and Naliboff , B. D. 2006 . An experimental study of shared sensitivity to physical pain and social rejection . Pain , 126 : 132 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , N. I. and Lieberman , M. D. 2004 . Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 8 : 294 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , N. I. , Lieberman , M. D. and Williams , K. D. 2003 . Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion . Science , 302 : 290 – 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger , N. I. , Way , B. M. , Taylor , S. E. , Welch , W. T. and Lieberman , M. D. 2007 . Understanding genetic risk for aggression: Clues from the brain's response to social exclusion . Biological Psychiatry , 61 : 1100 – 1108 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferree , T. C. , Eriksen , K. J. and Tucker , D. M. 2000 . Regional head tissue conductivity estimation for improved EEG analysis . IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering , 47 : 1584 – 1592 .
   Google Scholar
• Gehring , W. J. and Willoughby , A. R. 2002 . Medial prefrontal cortex and rapid processing of monetary gains and losses . Science , 295 : 2279 – 2282 .
   Google Scholar
• Gratton , G. , Coles , M. G. and Donchin , E. 1983 . A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 55 : 468 – 484 .
   Google Scholar
• Grave de Peralta Menendez , R. , Murray , M. M. , Michel , C. M. , Martuzzi , R. and Gonzalez Andino , S. L. 2004 . Electrical neuroimaging based on biophysical constraints . NeuroImage , 21 : 527 – 539 .
   Google Scholar
• Grusec , J. E. and Lytton , H. 1988 . Social development: History, theory, and research , New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Hajcak , G. and Dennis , T. A. 2009 . Brain potentials during affective picture processing in children . Biological Psychology , 80 : 333 – 338 .
   Google Scholar
• Hajcak , G. , Holroyd , C. B. , Moser , J. S. and Simons , R. F. 2005 . Brain potentials associated with expected and unexpected good and bad outcomes . Psychophysiology , 42 : 161 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Hajcak , G. , Moser , J. S. , Yeung , N. and Simons , R. F. 2005 . On the ERN and the significance of errors . Psychophysiology , 42 : 151 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Holmes , C. J. , Hoge , R. , Collins , L. , Woods , R. , Toga , A. W. and Evans , A. C. 1998 . Enhancement of MR images using registration for signal averaging . Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography , 22 : 324 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Holroyd , C. B. and Coles , M. G. H. 2002 . The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity . Psychological Review , 109 : 679 – 709 .
   Google Scholar
• Holroyd , C. B. , Dien , J. and Coles , M. G. 1998 . Error-related scalp potentials elicited by hand and foot movements: Evidence for an output-independent error-processing system in humans . Neuroscience Letters , 242 : 65 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Jiang , X. L. and Cillessen , A. H. N. 2005 . Stability of continuous measures of sociometric status: A meta-analysis . Developmental Review , 25 : 1 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Kross , E. , Egner , T. , Ochsner , K. , Hirsch , J. and Downey , G. 2007 . Neural dynamics of rejection sensitivity . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 19 : 945 – 956 .
   Google Scholar
• Ladd , G. W. 2006 . Peer rejection, aggressive or withdrawn behavior, and psychological maladjustment from ages 5 to 12: An examination of four predictive models . Child Development , 77 : 822 – 846 .
   Google Scholar
• Ladd , G. W. , Herald-Brown , S. L. and Reiser , M. 2008 . Does chronic classroom peer rejection predict the development of children's classroom participation during the grade school years? . Child Development , 79 : 1001 – 1015 .
   Google Scholar
• Ladd , G. W. and Troop-Gordon , W. 2003 . The role of chronic peer difficulties in the development of children's psychological adjustment problems . Child Development , 74 : 1344 – 1367 .
   Google Scholar
• Leary , M. R. , Kowalski , R. M. , Smith , L. and Phillips , S. 2003 . Teasing, rejection, and violence: Case studies of the school shootings . Aggressive Behavior , 29 : 202 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Lubman , D. I. , Allen , N. B. , Peters , L. A. and Deakin , J. F. 2007 . Electrophysiological evidence of the motivational salience of drug cues in opiate addiction . Psychological Medicine , 37 : 1203 – 1209 .
   Google Scholar
• Luu , P. , Shane , M. , Pratt , N. L. and Tucker , D. M. 2009 . Corticolimbic mechanisms in the control of trial and error learning . Brain Research , 1247 : 100 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Luu , P. , Tucker , D. M. , Derryberry , D. , Reed , M. and Poulsen , C. 2003 . Electrophysiological responses to errors and feedback in the process of action regulation . Psychological Science , 14 : 47 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Masten , C. L. , Eisenberger , N. I. , Borofsky , L. A. , Pfeifer , J. H. , McNealy , K. Mazziotta , J. C. 2009 . Neural correlates of social exclusion during adolescence: Understanding the distress of peer rejection . Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience , 4 : 143 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Molfese , D. L. , Nunez , V. , Seibert , S. M. and Ramanaiah , N. V. 1976 . Cerebral asymmetry: Changes in factors affecting its development . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 280 : 821 – 833 .
   Google Scholar
• Moser , J. S. , Hajcak , G. , Bukay , E. and Simons , R. F. 2006 . Intentional modulation of emotional responding to unpleasant pictures: An ERP study . Psychophysiology , 43 : 292 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Ochsner , K. N. , Ray , R. D. , Cooper , J. C. , Robertson , E. R. , Chopra , S. Gabrieli , J. D. 2004 . For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion . NeuroImage , 23 : 483 – 499 .
   Google Scholar
• Panksepp , J. 2003 . Neuroscience: Feeling the pain of social loss . Science , 302 : 237 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , C. K. , Gravens , L. C. and Harmon-Jones , E. in press . “ Asymmetric frontal cortical activity and negative affective responses to ostracism ” . In Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Advance online publication. doi:10.1093/scan/nsq027
   Google Scholar
• Phan , K. L. , Fitzgerald , D. A. , Nathan , P. J. , Moore , G. J. , Uhde , T. W. and Tancer , M. E. 2005 . Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study . Biological Psychiatry , 57 : 210 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Poulsen , C. , Luu , P. , Crane , S. M. , Quiring , J. and Tucker , D. M. 2009 . Frontolimbic activity and cognitive bias in major depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 118 : 494 – 506 .
   Google Scholar
• Regan , M. and Howard , R. 1995 . Fear conditioning, preparedness, and the contingent negative variation . Psychophysiology , 32 : 208 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Reijntjes , A. , Dekovic , M. and Telch , M. J. 2007a . Support for the predictive validity of the SASC-R: Linkages with reactions to an in vivo peer evaluation manipulation . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 21 : 903 – 917 .
   Google Scholar
• Reijntjes , A. , Dekovic , M. , Vermande , M. and Telch , M. J. 2007a . Children's feedback preferences in response to an experimentally manipulated peer evaluation outcome: The role of depressive symptoms . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 35 : 497 – 507 .
   Google Scholar
• Reijntjes , A. , Stegge , H. , Terwogt , M. M. , Kamphuis , J. H. and Telch , M. J. 2006a . Children's coping with in vivo peer rejection: An experimental investigation . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 34 : 877 – 889 .
   Google Scholar
• Reijntjes , A. , Stegge , H. , Terwogt , M. M. , Kamphuis , J. H. and Telch , M. J. 2006b . Emotion regulation and its effects on mood improvement in response to an in vivo peer rejection challenge . Emotion , 6 : 543 – 552 .
   Google Scholar
• Schupp , H. T. , Cuthbert , B. N. , Bradley , M. M. , Cacioppo , J. T. , Ito , T. and Lang , P. J. 2000 . Affective picture processing: The late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance . Psychophysiology , 37 : 257 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Sebastian , C. , Viding , E. , Williams , K. D. and Blakemore , S. J. 2009 . Social brain development and the affective consequences of ostracism in adolescence . Brain and Cognition , 72 : 134 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Somerville , L. H. , Heatherton , T. F. and Kelley , W. M. 2006 . Anterior cingulate cortex responds differentially to expectancy violation and social rejection . Nature Neuroscience , 9 : 1007 – 1008 .
   Google Scholar
• van Beest , I. and Williams , K. D. 2006 . When inclusion costs and ostracism pays, ostracism still hurts . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 91 : 918 – 928 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , K. D. 2007 . Ostracism . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 : 425 – 452 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , K. D. and Jarvis , B. 2006 . Cyberball: A program for use in research on interpersonal ostracism and acceptance . Behavior Research Methods , 38 : 174 – 180 .
   Google Scholar