1,945
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A social neuroscience approach to conflict resolution: Dialogue intervention to Israeli and Palestinian youth impacts oxytocin and empathy

, , , &
Pages 378-389 | Received 05 Nov 2017, Published online: 12 Jun 2018

References

  • Abraham, E., Raz, G., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2017). Empathy networks in the parental brain and their long-term effects on children’s stress reactivity and behavior adaptation. Neuropsychologia. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.015
  • Abu‐Nimer, M. (2004). Education for coexistence and Arab-Jewish encounters in Israel: Potential and challenges. Journal of Social Issues, 60(2), 405–422.
  • Adelson, J., & O’neil, R. P. (1966). Growth of political ideas in adolescence: The sense of community. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(3), 295.
  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Arbuckle, J. L. (2009). Amos (Version 18.0) (Computer Program). Chicago: SPSS.
  • Azevedo, R. T., Macaluso, E., Avenanti, A., Santangelo, V., Cazzato, V., & Aglioti, S. M. (2013). Their pain is not our pain: Brain and autonomic correlates of empathic resonance with the pain of same and different race individuals. Human Brain Mapping, 34(12), 3168–3181.
  • Bargal, D. (2004). Structure and process in reconciliation-transformation workshops: Encounters between Israeli and Palestinian youth. Small Group Research, 35(5), 596–616.
  • Bargal, D. (2008). Group processes to reduce intergroup conflict: An additional example of a workshop for Arab and Jewish youth. Small Group Research, 39(1), 42–59.
  • Bar-Tal, D. (2007). Living with the conflict: socio-psychological analysis of the Israeli-Jewish society. Jerusalem: Carmel.
  • Bar-Tal, D., & Labin, D. (2001). The effect of a major event on stereotyping: Terrorist attacks in Israel and Israeli adolescents’ perceptions of Palestinians, Jordanians and Arabs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 265–280.
  • Bartal, I. B. A., Decety, J., & Mason, P. (2011). Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats. Science, 334(6061), 1427–1430.
  • Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imaging how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(7), 751–758.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.
  • Berger, R., Abu-Raiya, H., & Gelkopf, M. (2015). The art of living together: Reducing stereotyping and prejudicial attitudes through the Arab-Jewish Class Exchange Program (CEP). Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(3), 678–688.
  • Berger, R., Gelkopf, M., Heineberg, Y., & Zimbardo, P. (2016). A school-based intervention for reducing posttraumatic symptomatology and intolerance during political violence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(6), 761.
  • Blakemore, S. J., & Mills, K. L. (2014). Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 187–207.
  • Boesch, C. (1992). New elements of a theory of mind in wild chimpanzees. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 15(1), 149.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136.
  • Carter, C. S. (2014). Oxytocin pathways and the evolution of human behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 17–39.
  • Cole, C. F., Arafat, C., Tidhar, C., Tafesh, W. Z., Fox, N. A., Killen, M., … Yung, F. (2003). The educational impact of Rechov Sumsum/Shara’a Simsim: A Sesame street television series to promote respect and understanding among children living in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(5), 409–422.
  • Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012). Understanding adolescence as a period of social–Affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(9), 636–650.
  • Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
  • De Dreu, C. K., Greer, L. L., Van Kleef, G. A., Shalvi, S., & Handgraaf, M. J. (2011). Oxytocin promotes human ethnocentrism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(4), 1262–1266.
  • De Dreu, C. K., & Kret, M. E. (2016). Oxytocin conditions intergroup relations through upregulated in-group empathy, cooperation, conformity, and defense. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 165–173.
  • De Dreu, C. K. W. (2012). Oxytocin modulates cooperation within and competition between groups: An integrative review and research agenda. Hormones and Behavior, 61(3), 419–428.
  • Decety, J., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2011). Empathy, imitation, and the social brain. Empathy: Philosophical and psychological perspectives, 58–81.
  • Deeb, I., Segall, G., Birnbaum, D., Ben-Eliyahu, A., & Diesendruck, G. (2011). Seeing isn’t believing: The effect of intergroup exposure on children’s essentialist beliefs about ethnic categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1139–1156.
  • Donaldson, Z. R., & Young, L. J. (2008). Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality. Science, 322(5903), 900–904.
  • Feldman, R. (2007). Mother-infant synchrony and the development of moral orientation in childhood and adolescence: Direct and indirect mechanisms of develop-mental continuity. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 582–597.
  • Feldman, R. (2012a). Oxytocin and social affiliation in humans. Hormones and Behavior, 61(3), 380–391.
  • Feldman, R. (2012b). Parenting behavior as the environment where children grow. In Mayes L.C & M. Lewis (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Environment in Human Development (pp 535–567). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Feldman, R. (2015). The adaptive human parental brain: Implications for children’s social development. Trends in Neurosciences, 38(6), 387–399.
  • Feldman, R. (2016). The neurobiology of mammalian parenting and the biosocial context of human caregiving. Hormones and Behavior, 77, 3–17.
  • Feldman, R. (2017). The neurobiology of human attachments. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(2), 80–99.
  • Feldman, R., Bamberger, E., & Kanat-Maymon, Y. (2013). Parent-specific reciprocity from infancy to adolescence shapes children’s social competence and dialogical skills. Attachment & Human Development, 15(4), 407–423.
  • Feldman, R., Gordon, I., Influs, M., Gutbir, T., & Ebstein, R. P. (2013). Parental oxytocin and early caregiving jointly shape children’s oxytocin response and social reciprocity. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38(7), 1154–1162.
  • Feldman, R., Gordon, I., Schneiderman, I., Weisman, O., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2010). Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent-infant contact. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 1133–1141.
  • Feldman, R., Monakhov, M., Pratt, M., & Ebstein, R. P. (2016). Oxytocin pathway genes: Evolutionary ancient system impacting on human affiliation, sociality, and psychopathology. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 174–184.
  • Feldman, R., Rosenthal, Z., & Eidelman, A. I. (2014). Maternal-preterm skin-to-skin contact enhances child physiologic organization and cognitive control across the first 10 years of life. Biological Psychiatry, 75(1), 56–64.
  • Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Perspective-taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favouritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 708.
  • Hoffman, M. L. (2001). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
  • Hurlemann, R., Patin, A., Onur, O. A., Cohen, M. X., Baumgartner, T., Metzler, S., … Kendrick, K. M. (2010). Oxytocin enhances amygdala-dependent,socially reinforced learning and emotional empathy in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(14), 4999—5007.
  • Kampf, R., & Stolero, N. (2015). Computerized simulation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, knowledge gap, and news media use. Information, Communication & Society, 18(6), 644–658.
  • Kohrt, B. A., Yang, M., Rai, S., Bhardwaj, A., Tol, W. A., & Jordans, M. J. (2016). Recruitment of child soldiers in Nepal: Mental health status and risk factors for voluntary participation of youth in armed groups. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 22(3), 208.
  • Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011). Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage, 54(3), 2492–2502.
  • Levinas, E. (1987). Time and the other and additional essays.
  • Levy, J., Goldstein, A., Influs, M., Masalha, S., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2016). Adolescents growing up amidst intractable conflict attenuate brain response to pain of outgroup. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(48), 13696–13701.
  • Maoz, I. (2004). Coexistence is in the eye of the beholder: Evaluating intergroup encounter interventions between Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Social Issues, 60(2), 437–452.
  • Mathur, V. A., Harada, T., Lipke, T., & Chiao, J. Y. (2010). Neural basis of extraordinary empathy and altruistic motivation. Neuroimage, 51(4), 1468–1475.
  • Morray, E. B., & Liang, B. (2005). Peace talk: A relational approach to group negotiation among Arab and Israeli youths. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 55(4), 481–506.
  • Nasie, M., Bar-Tal, D., Pliskin, R., Nahhas, E., & Halperin, E. (2014). Overcoming the barrier of narrative adherence in conflicts through awareness of the psychological bias of naïve realism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(11), 1543-1556.
  • Neer, T., & O’Toole, M. E. (2014). The violence of the Islamic State of Syria (ISIS): A behavioral perspective. Violence and Gender, 1, 145–156.
  • Neuliep, J. W. (2002). Assessing the reliability and validity of the generalized ethnocentrism scale. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 31(4), 201–215.
  • Neuliep, J. W., & McCroskey, J. C. (1997). The development of a US and generalized ethnocentrism scale. Communication Research Reports, 14(4), 385–398.
  • Pauwels, L., & Schils, N. (2016). Differential online exposure to extremist content and political violence: Testing the relative strength of social learning and competing perspectives. Terrorism and Political Violence, 28(1), 1–29.
  • Pratt, M., Apter-Levi, Y., Vakart, A., Kanat-Maymon, Y., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2017). Mother-child adrenocortical synchrony; Moderation by dyadic relational behavior. Hormones and Behavior, 89, 167–175.
  • Priel, A., Djalovski, A., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2018). Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12880
  • Rigdon, E. E. (1996). CFI versus RMSEA: A comparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 3, 369–379.
  • Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., & Abu-Akel, A. (2016). The social salience hypothesis of oxytocin. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 194–202.
  • Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Abu-Akel, A., Palgi, S., Sulieman, R., Fischer-Shofty, M., Levkovitz, Y., & Decety, J. (2013). Giving peace a chance: Oxytocin increases empathy to pain in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(12), 3139–3144.
  • Shechtman, Z., Wade, N., & Khoury, A. (2009). Effectiveness of a forgiveness program for Arab Israeli adolescents in Israel: An empirical trial. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 15(4), 415.
  • Somasundaram, D. (2002). Child soldiers: Understanding the context. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 324(7348), 1268.
  • Steinberg, S. (2004). Discourse categories in encounters between Palestinians and Israelis. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 17, 471–489.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter group behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson.
  • Taylor, L. K., Merrilees, C. E., Goeke-Morey, M. C., Shirlow, P., & Cummings, E. M. (2016). Trajectories of adolescent aggression and family cohesion: The potential to perpetuate or ameliorate political conflict. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(2), 114–128.
  • Teichman, Y. (2001). The development of Israeli children’s images of Jews and Arabs and their expression in human figure drawings. Developmental Psychology, 37(6), 749.
  • Wilson, D. S. (2012). In: The social conquest of earth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Xu, X., Zuo, X., Wang, X., & Han, S. (2009). Do you feel my pain? Racial group membership modulates empathic neural responses. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(26), 8525–8529.
  • Zahavi, D., & Rochat, P. (2015). Empathy≠ sharing: Perspectives from phenomenology and developmental psychology. Consciousness and Cognition, 36, 543–553.
  • Zaki, J., Ochsner, K. N., Hanelin, J., Wager, T. D., & Mackey, S. C. (2007). Different circuits for different pain: Patterns of functional connectivity reveal distinct networks for processing pain in self and others. Social Neuroscience, 2(3–4), 276–291.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.