The value of the red cell distribution width index versus other parameters in the differentiation between iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait among children in Mosul, Iraq

References

• De Benoist B, Cogswell M, Egli I, et al. Worldwide prevalence of anemia 1993-2005; WHO Global Database of anemia.
   Google Scholar
• Nutritional anemias: tools for effective prevention and control. Geneva: world Health Organization; 2017. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
   Google Scholar
• Sills R. Iron-Deficiency Anemia. Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, et al., editors. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed ed. Philadelphia:Elsevier; 2016. p.2323–2325.
   Google Scholar
• Carter RC, Jacobson JL, Burden MJ, et al. Iron deficiency anemia and cognitive function in infancy. Pediatrics. 2010;126(2):427–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grantham-mcgregor S, Ani C. A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. J Nutr. 2001;131(2):649S–68S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzkowsky P. Classification and Diagnosis of Anemia in Children. In: Lanzkowsky P, Lipton MJ, Fish D, editors. Lanzkowsky’s Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 6th ed. ed. London: Elsevier; 2016. p. 32–41.
   Google Scholar
• Kadhim KA, Baldawi KH, Lami FH. Prevalence, Incidence, Trend, and Complications of Thalassemia in Iraq. Hemoglobin. 2017;41(3):164–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaleel KJ, Hameed AH, Fadhel AM, et al. Prevalence of thalassemia genes in Mosul. Iraqi J Sci. 2009;50:8–10.
   Google Scholar
• Demir A, Yarali N, Fisgin T, et al. Most reliable indices in differentiation between thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia. Pediatr Int. 2002;44(6):612–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi DP, Shah HA. Discriminant functions in distinguishing beta-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia: the value of the RDW-SD. Internet J Hematol. 2011;7:1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Sazawal S, Dhingra U, Dhingra P, et al. Efficiency of red cell distribution width in identification of children aged 1-3 years with iron deficiency anemia against traditional hematological markers. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14(1):8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bessman JD, Feinstein DI. Quantitative anisocytosis as a discriminant between iron deficiency and thalassemia minor. Blood. 1979;53(2):288–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nesa A, Tayab MA, Sultana T, et al. RDWI is better discriminant than RDW in differentiation of iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait. Bangladesh J Child Health. 2009;33(3):100–103.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann JJ, Urrechaga E, Aguirre U. Discriminant indices for distinguishing thalassemia and iron deficiency in patients with microcytic anemia: a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015;53(12):1883–1894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Hemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011 (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1) http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf, cited 2019 July 4.
   Google Scholar
• Janus J, Moerschel SK. Evaluation of anemia in children. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(12):1462–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Serum ferritin concentrations for the assessment of iron status and iron deficiency in populations. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. Publication No. WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.2. Available at: http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/serum_ferritin.pdf. Accessed on 2019 Jan 11
   Google Scholar
• Oski FA. Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(3):190–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwiatkowski JL. Hemoglobinopathies. In: Lanzkowsky P, Lipton MJ, Fish D, editors. Lanzkowsky’s Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 6th ed. ed. London: Elsevier; 2016. p. 166–196.
   Google Scholar
• Unal I. Defining an optimal cut-point value in ROC analysis: an alternative approach. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017;2017:3762651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Yadollahie M. On determining the most appropriate test cut-off value: the case of tests with continuous results. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2016;26:297–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tozun M, Turhan E, Babaoglu AB. Beta thalassemia trait in turkey and the middle east: a meta-analysis of prevalence. Acta Med Mediterr. 2018;34:1731–1738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry N, Olofin I, Hurrell RF, et al. The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low, Medium, and High Human Development Index Countries: a Systematic Analysis of National Surveys. Nutrients. 2016;8(11):693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jameel T, Baig M, Ahmed I, et al. Differentiation of beta thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia by hematological indices. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(3):665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niazi M, Tahir M, Raziq F, et al. Usefulness of red cell indices in differentiating microcytic hypochromic anemias. Gomal J Med Sci. 2010;8:125–129.
   Google Scholar
• Choudhary S, Begum F, Shivakumar BR, et al. Diagnostic Efficacy of Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Red Cell Distribution Width Index (RDWI) In Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia. Int J Dent Med Sci Res. 2020;4(12):09–12.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Saha D, Kini J, et al. The role of discriminant functions in screening beta thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia among laboratory samples. J Lab Physicians. 2017;9(3):195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Düzenli Kar Y, Özdemir ZC, Emir B, et al. Erythrocyte indices as differential diagnostic biomarkers of iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2020;42(3):208–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalbantoğlu B, Güzel S, Büyükyalçın V, et al. Indices used in differentiation of thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia in pediatric population: are they reliable?. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012;29(5):472–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ntaios G, Chatzinikolaou A, Saouli Z, et al. Discrimination indices as screening tests for β-thalassemic trait. Ann Hematol. 2007;86(7):487–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyan C, Kaptan K, Ifran A. Predictive value of discrimination indices in differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and beta-thalassemia trait. Eur J Haematol. 1993;329(6):190–193.
   Google Scholar
• Okan V, Cigiloglu A, Cifci S, et al. Red cell indices and functions differentiating patients with the β-thalassemia trait from those with iron deficiency anemia. J Int Med Res. 2009;37(1):25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara M, Capozzi L, Russo R, et al. Reliability of red blood cell indices and formulas to discriminate between β thalassemia trait and iron deficiency in children. Hematology. 2010;15(2):112–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mettananda S, Paranamana S, Fernando R, et al. Microcytic anemia in children: parallel screening for iron deficiency and thalassemia provides a useful opportunity for thalassemia prevention in low-and middle-income countries. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2020;37(4):326–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matos JF, Borges KB, Fernandes AP, et al. RDW as differential parameter between microcytic anemias in” pure” and concomitant forms. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2015;51(1):22–27.
   Google Scholar
• Piriyakhuntorn P, Tantiworawit A, Rattanathammethee T, et al. The role of red cell distribution width in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and non-transfusiondependent thalassemia patients. Hematol Rep. 2018;10(3):7605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar