370
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Nasogastric aspiration/lavage in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a review of the evidence

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 63-72 | Received 10 Aug 2017, Accepted 26 Oct 2017, Published online: 10 Nov 2017

References

  • Laine L, Jensen DM. Management of patients with ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(3):345–360; quiz 361.
  • Gralnek IM, Dumonceau JM, Kuipers EJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2015;47(10):a1–46.
  • Laursen SB, Jorgensen HS, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB, et al. National consensus on management of peptic ulcer bleeding in Denmark 2014. Dan Med J. 2014;61(11):B4969.
  • Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Management of acute upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. A national clinical guideline. Edinburgh: SIGN; 2008. (SIGN 105). [cited  2017 Oct 19]. Available from: http://www.sign.ac.uk .
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in over 16s: management. NICE guideline (CG141). 2012. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/corporate/ecd1/chapter/referencing-and-citations
  • Fujishiro M, Iguchi M, Kakushima N, et al. Guidelines for endoscopic management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Endosc. 2016;28(4):363–378.
  • Garcia-Iglesias P, Botargues JM, Feu Caballe F, et al. Management of non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: position statement of the Catalan Society of Gastroenterology. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;40(5):363–374.
  • Strate LL, Gralnek IM. ACG clinical guideline: management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(5):755.
  • Osman D, Djibre M, Da Silva D, et al. Management by the intensivist of gastrointestinal bleeding in adults and children. Ann Intensive Care. 2012;2(1):46.
  • Barkun AN, Bardou M, Kuipers EJ, et al. International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(2):101–113.
  • Bai Y, Li ZS. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2015, Nanchang, China). J Dig Dis. 2016;17(2):79–87.
  • Singer AJ, Richman PB, Kowalska A, et al. Comparison of patient and practitioner assessments of pain from commonly performed emergency department procedures. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33(6):652–658.
  • Wrenn K. The lowly nasogastric tube: still appropriate after all these years (at times). Am J Emerg Med. 1993;11(1):84–89.
  • Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009;339:b2700.
  • Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. Updated Mar Available from: www.handbook.cochrane.org
  • Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(8):529–536.
  • Leather RA, Sullivan SN. Iced gastric lavage: a tradition without foundation. CMAJ. 1987;136(12):1245–1247.
  • Wangensteen OH, Salmon PA, Griffen WO Jr., et al. Studies of local gastric cooling as related to peptic ulcer. Ann Surg. 1959;150:346–360.
  • Palmer ED. The vigorous diagnostic approach to upper-gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. A 23-year prospective study of 14,000 patients. JAMA. 1969;207(8):1477–1480.
  • Ponsky JL, Hoffman M, Swayngim DS. Saline irrigation in gastric hemorrhage: the effect of temperature. J Surg Res. 1980;28(3):204–205.
  • Gilbert DA, Saunders DR. Iced saline lavage does not slow bleeding from experimental canine gastric ulcers. Dig Dis Sci. 1981;26(12):1065–1068.
  • Stollman NH, Putcha RV, Neustater BR, et al. The uncleared fundal pool in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: implications and outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;46(4):324–327.
  • Lee SD, Kearney DJ. A randomized controlled trial of gastric lavage prior to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38(10):861–865.
  • Rockey DC, Ahn C, de Melo SW Jr. Randomized pragmatic trial of nasogastric tube placement in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. J Investig Med. 2017;65:759–764.
  • Bai Y, Guo JF, Li ZS. Meta-analysis: erythromycin before endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(2):166–171.
  • Pateron D, Vicaut E, Debuc E, et al. Erythromycin infusion or gastric lavage for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;57(6):582–589.
  • Luk GD, Bynum TE, Hendrix TR. Gastric aspiration in localization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. JAMA. 1979;241(6):576–578.
  • Witting MD, Magder L, Heins AE, et al. Usefulness and validity of diagnostic nasogastric aspiration in patients without hematemesis. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;43(4):525–532.
  • Cappell MS. Safety and efficacy of nasogastric intubation for gastrointestinal bleeding after myocardial infarction: an analysis of 125 patients at two tertiary cardiac referral hospitals. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(11):2063–2070.
  • Witting MD, Magder L, Heins AE, et al. ED predictors of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients without hematemesis. Am J Emerg Med. 2006;24(3):280–285.
  • Palamidessi N, Sinert R, Falzon L, et al. Nasogastric aspiration and lavage in emergency department patients with hematochezia or melena without hematemesis. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(2):126–132.
  • Kessel B, Olsha O, Younis A, et al. Evaluation of nasogastric tubes to enable differentiation between upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in unselected patients with melena. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(1):71–73.
  • Cuellar RE, Gavaler JS, Alexander JA, et al. Gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. The value of a nasogastric aspirate. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(7):1381–1384.
  • Gilbert DA, Silverstein FE, Tedesco FJ, et al. The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding. III. Endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 1981;27(2):94–102.
  • Ahmad A, Bruno J, Boynton R, et al. Nasogastric aspirates frequently lead to erroneous results and delay of therapy in patients with suspected UGI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59(5):1.
  • Aljebreen AM, Fallone CA, Barkun AN. Nasogastric aspirate predicts high-risk endoscopic lesions in patients with acute upper-GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59(2):172–178.
  • Silverstein FE, Gilbert DA, Tedesco FJ, et al. The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding. II. Clinical prognostic factors. . Gastrointest Endosc. 1981;27(2):80–93.
  • Byers SE, Chudnofsky CR, Sorondo B, et al. Incidence of occult upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients presenting to the ED with hematochezia. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25(3):340–344.
  • Jensen DM, Machicado GA. Diagnosis and treatment of severe hematochezia. The role of urgent colonoscopy after purge. Gastroenterology. 1988;95(6):1569–1574.
  • Laine L, Shah A. Randomized trial of urgent vs. elective colonoscopy in patients hospitalized with lower GI bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(12):2636–2641; quiz 2642.
  • Adamopoulos AB, Baibas NM, Efstathiou SP, et al. Differentiation between patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding who need early urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and those who do not. A prospective study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15(4):381–387.
  • Srygley FD, Gerardo CJ, Tran T, et al. Does this patient have a severe upper gastrointestinal bleed? JAMA. 2012;307(10):1072–1079.
  • Chen YI, Wyse J, Barkun A, et al. Can the presence of endoscopic high-risk stigmata be predicted before endoscopy? A multivariable analysis using the RUGBE database. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;28(6):301–304.
  • Dakik HK, Srygley FD, Chiu ST, et al. Clinical performance of prediction rules and nasogastric lavage for the evaluation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective observational study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2017;2017:3171697.
  • Lim LG, Ho KY, Chan YH, et al. Urgent endoscopy is associated with lower mortality in high-risk but not low-risk nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy. 2011;43(4):300–306.
  • Ahn DW, Park YS, Lee SH, et al. Clinical outcome of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding after hours: the role of urgent endoscopy. Korean J Intern Med. 2016;31(3):470–478.
  • Lin HJ, Wang K, Perng CL, et al. Early or delayed endoscopy for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. A prospective randomized study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996;22(4):267–271.
  • Huang ES, Karsan S, Kanwal F, et al. Impact of nasogastric lavage on outcomes in acute GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(5):971–980.
  • Pallin DJ, Saltzman JR. Is nasogastric tube lavage in patients with acute upper GI bleeding indicated or antiquated? Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(5):981–984.
  • Zollinger RM, Nick WV. Upper-gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. JAMA. 1970;212(13):2251–2254.
  • Tripathi D, Stanley AJ, Hayes PC, et al. U.K. guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Gut. 2015;64(11):1680–1704.
  • Hwang JH, Shergill AK, Acosta RD, et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of variceal hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;80(2):221–227.
  • Plauth M, Cabre E, Riggio O, et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(2):285–294.
  • Andus T. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: liver disease - tube feeding (TF) in patients with esophageal varices is not proven to be safe. Clin Nutr. 2007;26(2):272;author reply 273–274.
  • Ritter DM, Rettke SR, Hughes RW Jr., et al. Placement of nasogastric tubes and esophageal stethoscopes in patients with documented esophageal varices. Anesth Analg. 1988;67(3):283–285.
  • Lopez-Torres A, Waye JD. The safety of intubation in patients with esophageal varices. Am J Dig Dis. 1973;18(12):1032–1034.
  • Cabre E, Gonzalez-Huix F, Abad-Lacruz A, et al. Effect of total enteral nutrition on the short-term outcome of severely malnourished cirrhotics. A randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 1990;98(3):715–720.
  • Cabre E, Rodriguez-Iglesias P, Caballeria J, et al. Short- and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: a multicenter randomized trial. Hepatology. 2000;32(1):36–42.
  • De Ledinghen V, Beau P, Mannant PR, et al. Early feeding or enteral nutrition in patients with cirrhosis after bleeding from esophageal varices? A randomized controlled study. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42(3):536–541.
  • Laine L, Spiegel B, Rostom A, et al. Methodology for randomized trials of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: recommendations from an international consensus conference. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(3):540–550.
  • El Ouali S, Barkun A, Martel M, et al. Timing of rebleeding in high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding after successful hemostasis: a systematic review. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;28(10):543–548.
  • Maggio D, Barkun AN, Martel M, et al. Predictors of early rebleeding after endoscopic therapy in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to high-risk lesions. Can J Gastroenterol. 2013;27(8):454–458.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.