1,523
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Gold, friction and resistance in a globalised land system: the case of Tanzania

, & ORCID Icon
Pages 609-628 | Received 11 Nov 2021, Accepted 28 Mar 2022, Published online: 19 Apr 2022

References

  • Ahmed, A.I., Bryant, R.G., & Edwards, D.P. (2021). Where are mines located in sub Saharan Africa and how have they expanded overtime?. Land Degradation & Development, 32(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3706
  • Álvarez, L., & Coolsaet, B. (2020). Decolonizing environmental justice studies: a latin american perspective. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 31(2), 50–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2018.1558272
  • Andersen, A.O., Bruun, T.B., Egay, K., Fenger, M., Klee, S., Pedersen, A.F., Pedersen, L.M.L., & Suárez Villanueva, V. (2016). Negotiating development narratives within large-scale oil palm projects on village lands in sarawak, Malaysia. The Geographical Journal, 182(4), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12181
  • Andriamihaja, O.R., Metz, F., Zaehringer, J.G., Fischer, M., & Messerli, P. (2019). Land competition under telecoupling: distant actors’ environmental versus economic claims on land in North-Eastern Madagascar. Sustainability, 11(3), 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030851
  • Appel, H. (2019). The licit life of capitalism: U.S. oil in equatorial guinea. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478090243
  • Arbucias, D. (2020). Resource nationalism and asymmetric bargaining power: A study of government-MNC strife in Venezuela and Tanzania. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2020.1843404
  • Ayres, J., & Bosia, M.J. (2011). Beyond global summitry: food sovereignty as localized resistance to globalization. Globalizations, 8(1), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2011.544203
  • Bager, S.L., Persson, U.M., & Dos Reis, T.N.P. (2021). Eighty-six EU policy options for reducing imported deforestation. One Earth, 4(2), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.01.011
  • Baird, I., & Fox, J. (2015). How land concessions affect places elsewhere: telecoupling, political ecology, and large-scale plantations in Southern Laos and Northeastern Cambodia. Land, 4(2), 436–453. https://doi.org/10.3390/land4020436
  • Bakker, K. (2007). The “commons” versus the “commodity”: alter-globalization, anti-privatization and the human right to water in the Global South. Antipode, 39(3), 430–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2007.00534.x
  • Bear, L., Ho, K., Tsing, A., & Yanagisako, S. (2015). Gens: A feminist manifesto for the study of capitalism. Theorizing the Contemporary, Fieldsights. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/652-gens-a-feminist-manifesto-for-the-study-of-capitalism
  • Becker, L.C. (2001). Seeing green in mali’s woods: colonial legacy, forest use, and local control. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91(3), 504–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00256
  • Beriss, D. (2019). Food: location, location, location. Annual Review of Anthropology, 48(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-050249
  • Bestor, T.C. (2004). Tsukiji: the fish market at the center of the world. University of California Press. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kbdk/detail.action?docID=223960
  • Bluwstein, J., Lund, J.F., Askew, K., Stein, H., Noe, C., Odgaard, R., Maganga, F., & Engström, L. (2018). Between dependence and deprivation: The interlocking nature of land alienation in Tanzania. Journal of Agrarian Change, 18(4), 806–830. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12271
  • Boillat, S., Gerber, J.-D., Oberlack, C., Zaehringer, J., Ifejika Speranza, C., & Rist, S. (2018). Distant interactions, power, and environmental justice in protected area governance: a telecoupling perspective. Sustainability, 10(11), 3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113954
  • Boillat, S., Martin, A., Adams, T., Daniel, D., Llopis, J., Zepharovich, E., Oberlack, C., Sonderegger, G., Bottazzi, P., Corbera, E., Ifejika Speranza, C., & Pascual, U. (2020). Why telecoupling research needs to account for environmental justice. Journal of Land Use Science, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2020.1737257
  • Borras, S.M., Edelman, M., & Kay, C. (Eds.). (2008). Transnational agrarian movements confronting globalization. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Brannstrom, C., & Vadjunec, J.M. (Eds.). (2014). Land change science, political ecology, and sustainability (0th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203107454
  • Brown, M.F. (1996). On resisting resistance. American Anthropologist, 98(4), 729–735. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1996.98.4.02a00030
  • Butler, P. (2004). Tanzania: liberalisation of investment and the mining sector analysis of the content and certain implications of the Tanzania 1998 mining act. In B. Campbell (Ed.), Discussion paper, 26. regulating mining in Africa: for whose benefit? (pp. 67–80). Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
  • Carlson, A., Zaehringer, J., Garrett, R., Felipe Bicudo Silva, R., Furumo, P., Raya Rey, A., Torres, A., Gon Chung, M., Li, Y., & Liu, J. (2018). Toward rigorous telecoupling causal attribution: a systematic review and typology. Sustainability, 10(12), 4426. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124426
  • Chachage, C.S.L. (1995). The meek shall inherit the earth but not the mining rights: mining and accumulation in tanzania. In P. Gibbon (Ed.), Liberalised Development in Tanzania (pp. 37–108). Institute for African Studies.
  • Challies, E., Newig, J., & Lenschow, A. (2014). What role for social–ecological systems research in governing global teleconnections? Global Environmental Change, 27(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.015
  • Chimhete, N. 2020 Prosperity in a crisis economy: the Nyamongo gold boom, Tanzania, 1970s–1993. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 14(3), 572–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2020.1774706
  • Clark, W.C., & Harley, A.G. (2020). Sustainability Science: Toward a Synthesis. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 45(1), 331–386. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012420-043621
  • Coleman, L.M., & Tucker, K. (2011). Between discipline and dissent: situated resistance and global order. Globalizations, 8(4), 397–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2011.585823
  • Davenport, J. (2013). Digging deep: A history of mining in South Africa, 1852-2002. Jonathan Ball Publishers.
  • DeFries, R., & Nagendra, H. (2017). Ecosystem management as a wicked problem. Science, 356(6335), 265–270. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal1950
  • Dunford, R. (2020). Converging on food sovereignty: Transnational peasant activism, pluriversality and counter-hegemony. Globalizations, 17(5), 782–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2020.1722494
  • Eakin, H., DeFries, R., Kerr, S., Lambin, E.F., Liu, J., Marcotullio, P.J., Messerli, P., Reenberg, A., Rueda, X., Swaffield, S.R., Wicke, B., & Zimmerer, K. (2014). Significance of telecoupling for exploration of land-use change. In K.C.-Y. Seto & A. Reenberg (Eds.), Strüngmann forum reports. Rethinking global land use in an urban era (pp. 141–161). The MIT Press.
  • Edelman, M. (2005). Bringing the moral economy back in to the study of 21st-century transnational peasant movements. American Anthropologist, 107(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.3.331
  • Ehrensperger, A., Bremond, A.D., Providoli, I., & Messerli, P. (2019). Land system science and the 2030 agenda: Exploring knowledge that supports sustainability transformation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 38, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.006
  • Faier, L., & Rofel, L. (2014). Ethnographies of encounter. Annual Review of Anthropology, 43(1), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-030210
  • Ferguson, J. (2005). Seeing like an oil company: space, security, and global capital in Neoliberal Africa. American Anthropologist, 107(3), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.3.377
  • Ferguson, J. (2006). Global shadows: Africa in the neoliberal world order. Duke University Press.
  • Fischer, E.F., & Benson, P. (2006). Broccoli and desire: Global connections and Maya struggles in postwar Guatemala. Stanford University Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1986). Power, knowledge: selected interviews and other writings 1972-1977 (Reprint ed.). Harvester Press.
  • Freidberg, S. (2004). French beans and food scares culture and commerce in an anxious age. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Friis, C., & Nielsen, J.Ø. (2017). Land-use change in a telecoupled world: The relevance and applicability of the telecoupling framework in the case of banana plantation expansion in Laos. Ecology and Society, 22(4), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09480-220430
  • Friis, C., & Nielsen, J.Ø. (2019). Global land-use through a telecoupling lens: An introduction. In C. Friis & J.Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), Palgrave studies in natural resource management. telecoupling: exploring land-use change in a globalised world (pp. 1–14). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Friis, C., Nielsen, J.Ø., Otero, I., Haberl, H., Niewöhner, J., & Hostert, P. (2016). From teleconnection to telecoupling: Taking stock of an emerging framework in land system science. Journal of Land Use Science, 11(2), 131–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2015.1096423
  • Garrett, R.D., Carlson, K.M., Rueda, X., & Noojipady, P. (2016). Assessing the potential additionality of certification by the round table on responsible soybeans and the roundtable on sustainable palm oil. Environmental Research Letters, 11(4), 45003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045003
  • Garrett, R., & Rueda, X. (2019). Telecoupling and consumption in agri-food systems. In C. Friis & J.Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), Palgrave studies in natural resource management. telecoupling: exploring land-use change in a globalised world (pp. 115–138). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Geist, H.J., & Lambin, E.F. (2002). Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation. BioScience, 52(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0143:PCAUDF]2.0.CO;2
  • Gilberthorpe, E., & Rajak, D. (2017). The anthropology of extraction: critical perspectives on the resource curse. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1160064
  • Gills, B.K. (1997). Editorial: ‘globalisation’ and the ‘politics of resistance’. New Political Economy, 2(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563469708406280
  • Gills, B.K. (2004). The turning of the tide. Globalizations, 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747730412331298851
  • Godar, J., & Gardner, T.A. (2019). Trade and land-use telecouplings. In C. Friis & J.Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), Palgrave studies in natural resource management. telecoupling: exploring land-use change in a globalised world (pp. 149–177). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Grau, H.R., & Aide, M. (2008). Globalization and land-use transitions in Latin America. Ecology and Society, 13(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02559-130216
  • Grau, R., Kuemmerle, T., & Macchi, L. (2013). Beyond ‘land sparing versus land sharing’: Environmental heterogeneity, globalization and the balance between agricultural production and nature conservation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(5), 477–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.06.001
  • Gupta, A., & Ferguson, J. (1997). Introduction. In A. Gupta & J. Ferguson (Eds.), Culture, power, place: explorations in critical anthropology (pp. 1–29).Duke University Press.
  • HakiRasilimali, & Publish What You Pay. (2018). Nurturing industrialization through mining, oil and gas: opportunities and challenges: a report of the tanzania extractive industries conference (Jukwaa La Uziduaji) October 24-26, 2018. Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: HakiRasilimali and Publish What You Pay.
  • Hilson, G. (2019). Why is there a large-scale mining ‘bias’ in sub-Saharan Africa? Land Use Policy, 81 , 852–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.013
  • Infante-Amate, J., & Krausmann, F. (2019). Trade, ecologically unequal exchange and colonial legacy: the case of france and its former colonies (1962–2015). Ecological Economics, 156 , 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.09.013
  • Jacob, T., & Pedersen, R.H. (2018). New resource nationalism? continuity and change in Tanzania’s extractive industries. The Extractive Industries and Society, 5(2), 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.02.001
  • Jadin, I., Meyfroidt, P., & Lambin, E.F. (2016). International trade, and land use intensification and spatial reorganization explain costa Rica’s forest transition. Environmental Research Letters, 11(3), 35005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/035005
  • Kinyondo, A., & Huggins, C. (2019). Resource nationalism in Tanzania: Implications for artisanal and small-scale mining. The Extractive Industries and Society, 6(1), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.08.005
  • Kitula, A.G.N. (2006). The environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local livelihoods in Tanzania: A case study of Geita District. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(3–4), 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.01.012
  • Koch, N., & Perreault, T. (2019). Resource nationalism. Progress in Human Geography, 43(4), 611–631. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132518781497
  • Kohl, B., & Farthing, L. (2012). Material constraints to popular imaginaries: The extractive economy and resource nationalism in Bolivia. Political Geography, 31(4), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.03.002
  • Kuemmerle, T., Kastner, T., Meyfroidt, P., & Qin, S. (2019). Conservation Telecouplings. In C. Friis & J.Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), Palgrave studies in natural resource management. telecoupling: exploring land-use change in a globalised world (pp. 281–302).Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lambin, E.F., & Geist, H. (Eds.). (2006). Land-use and land-cover change: Local processes and global impacts. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32202-7
  • Lambin, E.F., & Meyfroidt, P. (2011). Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(9), 3465–3472. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100480108
  • Lambin, E.F., Meyfroidt, P., Rueda, X., Blackman, A., Börner, J., Cerutti, P.O., Dietsch, T., Jungmann, L., Lamarque, P., Lister, J., Walker, N.F., & Wunder, S. (2014). Effectiveness and synergies of policy instruments for land use governance in tropical regions. Global Environmental Change, 28 , 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.007
  • Lange, S. (2006). Benefit streams from mining in tanzania: case studies from geita and mererani. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute. https://www.cmi.no/publications/2398-benefit-streams-from-mining-in-tanzania
  • Lange, S. (2008). Land tenure and mining in Tanzania. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute. https://www.cmi.no/publications/3008-land-tenure-and-mining-in-tanzania
  • Lange, S. (2011). Gold and governance: legal injustices and lost opportunities in Tanzania. African Affairs, 110(439), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr003
  • Le Billon, P. (2005). Aid in the midst of plenty: Oil wealth, misery and advocacy in Angola. Disasters, 29(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00271.x
  • Le Polain de Waroux, Y. (2019). Livelihoods through the Lens of Telecoupling. In C. Friis & J.Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), Palgrave studies in natural resource management. telecoupling: exploring land-use change in a globalised world (pp. 233–249). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Le Polain de Waroux, Y., Garrett, R.D., Chapman, M., Friis, C., Hoelle, J., Hodel, L., Hopping, K., & Zaehringer, J.G. (2021). The role of culture in land system science. Journal of Land Use Science, 16(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2021.1950229
  • Leitch, A. (2003). Slow food and the politics of pork fat: Italian food and European identity. Ethnos, 68(4), 437–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014184032000160514
  • Li, T.M. (2014). Land’s end: capitalist relations on an indigenous frontier. Duke University Press. http://www.jstor.org.ep.fjernadgang.kb.dk/stable/j.ctv1131b52
  • Liu, J., Hull, V., Batistella, M., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Fu, F., Hertel, T.W., Izaurralde, R.C., Lambin, E.F., Li, S., Martinelli, L.A., McConnell, W.J., Moran, E.F., Naylor, R., Ouyang, Z., Polenske, K.R., Reenberg, A., Miranda Rocha, G.D., Simmons, C.S., & Zhu, C. (2013). Framing sustainability in a telecoupled world. Ecology and Society, 18(2), 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05873-180226
  • Llopis, J.C., Chastonay, J.F., Birrer, F.C., Bär, R., Andriatsitohaina, R.N.N., Messerli, P., Heinimann, A., & Zaehringer, J.G. (2021). Year-to-year ecosystem services supply in conservation contexts in north-eastern Madagascar: Trade-offs between global demands and local needs. Ecosystem Services, 48, 101249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101249
  • Marcus, G.E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: the emergence of multi-sited Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000523
  • Messerli, P., Heinimann, A., Giger, M., Breu, T., & Schönweger, O. (2013). From ‘land grabbing’ to sustainable investments in land: Potential contributions by land change science. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(5), 528–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.03.004
  • Meyfroidt, P. (2018). Trade-offs between environment and livelihoods: bridging the global land use and food security discussions. Global Food Security, 16 , 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.08.001
  • Meyfroidt, P., & Lambin, E.F. (2009). Forest transition in Vietnam and displacement of deforestation abroad. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(38), 16139–16144. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904942106
  • Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E.F., Erb, K.-H., & Hertel, T.W. (2013). Globalization of land use: Distant drivers of land change and geographic displacement of land use. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(5), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.04.003
  • Meyfroidt, P., Rudel, T.K., & Lambin, E.F. (2010). Forest transitions, trade, and the global displacement of land use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(49), 20917–20922. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1014773107
  • Mitchell, J. (2016). Pulling the rug out from under: The land tenure dynamics of mining concessions in sub-Saharan Africa. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(4), 1117–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.10.003
  • Munroe, D.K., McSweeney, K., Olson, J.L., & Mansfield, B. (2014). Using economic geography to reinvigorate land-change science. Geoforum, 52, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.12.005
  • Mutagwaba, W., Tindeyebwa, J.B., Markanta, V., Kaballega, D., & Maeda, G. 2018. Artisanal and small-scale mining in Tanzania – evidence to inform an ‘action dialogue’ https://pubs.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/16641IIED.pdf. IIED.
  • Narotzky, S. (2016). Where have all the peasants gone? Annual Review of Anthropology, 45(1), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-100240
  • Nevins, J., & Peluso, N.L. (2018a). Introduction: commoditization in Southeast Asia. In J. Nevins & N.L. Peluso (Eds.), Taking Southeast Asia to market: commodities, nature, and people in the neoliberal age (pp. 1–26). Cornell University Press
  • Nevins, J., & Peluso, N.L. (Eds.). (2018b). Taking Southeast Asia to Market: commodities, nature, and people in the neoliberal age. Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/j.ctv5rf61v
  • Newell, P. (2008). Trade and biotechnology in latin america: democratization, contestation and the politics of mobilization. In S.M. Borras, M. Edelman, & C. Kay (Eds.), Transnational agrarian movements confronting globalization (pp. 177–208). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Nielsen, J.Ø., Bremond, A.D., Roy Chowdhury, R., Friis, C., Metternicht, G., Meyfroidt, P., Munroe, D., Pascual, U., & Thomson, A. (2019). Toward a normative land systems science. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 38 , 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.02.003
  • Nielsen, J.Ø., Hauer, J., & Friis, C. (2019). Capturing and understanding telecoupling through qualitative research. In C. Friis & J.Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), Palgrave studies in natural resource management. telecoupling: exploring land-use change in a globalised world (pp. 303–312). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Niewöhner, J., Bruns, A., Haberl, H., Hostert, P., Krueger, T., Lauk, C., Lutz, J., Müller, D., & Nielsen, J.Ø. (2016). Land Use Competition: Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives. In J. Niewöhner, A. Bruns, P. Hostert, T. Krueger, J.Ø. Nielsen, H. Haberl, C. Lauk, J. Lutz, & D. Müller (Eds.), Land Use Competition: Ecological, Economic and Social Perspectives (pp. 1–20).Springer International Publishing.
  • Niewöhner, J., Bruns, A., Hostert, P., Krueger, T., Nielsen, J.Ø., Haberl, H., Lauk, C., Lutz, J., & Müller, D. (Eds.). (2016). Land use competition: ecological, economic and social perspectives. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33628-2
  • Niewöhner, J., Nielsen, J.Ø., Gasparri, I., Gou, Y., Hauge, M., Joshi, N., Schaffartzik, A., Sejersen, F., Seto, K.C., & Shughrue, C. (2016). Conceptualizing distal drivers in land use competition. In J. Niewöhner, A. Bruns, P. Hostert, T. Krueger, J.Ø. Nielsen, H. Haberl, C. Lauk, J. Lutz, & D. Müller (Eds.), Land use competition: ecological, economic and social perspectives (pp. 21–40). Springer International Publishing.
  • Oberlack, C., Boillat, S., Brönnimann, S., Gerber, J.-D., Heinimann, A., Ifejika Speranza, C., Messerli, P., Rist, S., & Wiesmann, U. (2018). Polycentric governance in telecoupled resource systems. Ecology and Society, 23(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09902-230116
  • Ong, A. (2010). Spirits of resistance and capitalist discipline. Factory women in Malaysia (2nd ed.). Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Ouma, S. (2015). . In Assembling export markets: The making and unmaking of global food connections in West Africa. West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Pallotti, A. (2017). Lost in transition? CCM and Tanzania’s faltering democratisation process. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 35(4), 544–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2017.1376043
  • Pedersen, R.H., & Jacob, T. (2017). Reconfigured state-community relations in Africa’s extractive sectors: Insights from post-liberalisation Tanzania. The Extractive Industries and Society, 4(4), 915–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2017.07.004
  • Pedersen, R.H., Mutagwaba, W., Jønsson, J.B., Schoneveld, G., Jacob, T., Chacha, M., Weng, X., & Njau, M.G. (2019). Mining-sector dynamics in an era of resurgent resource nationalism: Changing relations between large-scale mining and artisanal and small-scale mining in Tanzania. Resources Policy, 62, 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.04.009
  • Pedersen, A.F., Nielsen, J.Ø., Friis, C., & Jønsson, J.B. (2021). Mineral exhaustion and its livelihood implications for artisanal and small-scale miners. Environmental Science & Policy, 119, 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.02.002
  • Peluso, N.L., & Watts, M. (Eds.). (2001). Violent environments. Cornell University Press.
  • Pijpers, R.J., & Eriksen, T.H. (Eds.). (2019). mining encounters: extractive industries in an overheated world. Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv893jxv
  • Polanyi, K. (1957). The great transformation: the political and economic origins of our time. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Poncian, J. (2019). Galvanising political support through resource nationalism: A case of Tanzania’s 2017 extractive sector reforms. Political Geography, 69, 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.12.013
  • Reuters (Dec/20/2019). Barrick gold reaches deal with tanzania over acacia mining. Reuters Media. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-barrick-gold-tanzania-idUSKBN1WZ0DL
  • Roccu, R., & Talani, L.S. (2019). Introduction: the globalisation debate—from de-globalisation to the dark side of globalisation. In L.S. Talani & R. Roccu (Eds.), International political economy series. the dark side of globalisation (pp. 1–17). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05117-4_1
  • Roder, K. (2019). “Bulldozer politics”, state-making and (neo-)extractive industries in Tanzania’s gold mining sector. The Extractive Industries and Society, 6(2), 407–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.10.012
  • Rosales, A. (2020). Structural constraints in times of resource nationalism: Oil policy and state capacity in post-neoliberal Ecuador. Globalizations, 17(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2019.1614722
  • Roy Chowdhury, R., & Turner, B.L. (2006). reconciling agency and structure in empirical analysis: smallholder land use in the Southern Yucatán, Mexico. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96(2), 302–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00479.x
  • Schaffartzik, A., & Kastner, T. (2019). Toolbox: flow analysis - social metabolism in the analysis of telecoupling. In C. Friis & J.Ø. Nielsen (Eds.), Palgrave studies in natural resource management. telecoupling: exploring land-use change in a globalised world (pp. 139–149). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Schoneveld, G., Chacha, M., Njau, M., Jønsson, J.B., Cerutti, P.O., & Weng, X. (2018). The new face of informality in the Tanzanian mineral economy: Transforming artisanal mining through foreign investment? IIED Research Report. London: IIED. https://pubs.iied.org/17614iied
  • Scoones, I. (2008). Mobilizing against gm crops in India, South Africa and Brazil. In S.M. Borras, M. Edelman, & C. Kay (Eds.), Transnational agrarian movements confronting globalization (pp. 147–176). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Sikor, T., Auld, G., Bebbington, A.J., Benjaminsen, T.A., Gentry, B.S., Hunsberger, C., Izac, A.-M., Margulis, M.E., Plieninger, T., Schroeder, H., & Upton, C. (2013). Global land governance: From territory to flow? Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(5), 522–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.06.006
  • Sonter, L.J., Barrett, D.J., Soares-Filho, B.S., & Moran, C.J. (2014). Global demand for steel drives extensive land-use change in Brazil’s Iron Quadrangle. Global Environmental Change, 26, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.014
  • Sparke, M. (2008). Political geography — Political geographies of globalization III: Resistance. Progress in Human Geography, 32(3), 423–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132507086878
  • Steger, M.B., & Wilson, E.K. (2012). Anti-globalization or alter-globalization? mapping the political ideology of the global justice movement. International Studies Quarterly, 56(3), 439–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2012.00740.x
  • Svarstad, H., Overå, R., & Benjaminsen, T. (2018). Power theories in political ecology, 25(1), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.23044
  • Telmer, K.H., & Veiga, M.M. (2009). World emissions of mercury from artisanal and small scale gold mining. In R. Mason & N. Pirrone (Eds.), Computer supported cooperative work. mercury fate and transport in the global atmosphere: emissions, measurements and models (pp. 131–172). Springer-Verlag New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2
  • Tsing, A.L. (2005). Friction: an ethnography of global connection. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt7s1xk
  • Tsing, A.L. (2015). The mushroom at the end of the world: on the possibility of life in capitalist ruins. Princeton University Press. https://econpapers.repec.org/repec:pup:pbooks:10581
  • United Nations. (2019). UN Comtrade: International Trade Statistics Database. https://comtrade.un.org/
  • The United Republic of Tanzania. (2021a). Investors. Mining commission. https://www.tumemadini.go.tz/pages/investors
  • The United Republic of Tanzania. (2021b). Mineral Production and Sales. Mining commission. https://www.tumemadini.go.tz/pages/mineral-production-and-sales
  • United Republic of Tanzania.(2017). The Written Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act (pp.1–16). https://www.resourcedata.org/dataset/rgi21-written-lawsmiscellaneous-amendments-act-no-2-of-2017/resource/5db50e4d-3b3e-464a-9b67-7b5762d4b9f6
  • van Vliet, J., Groot, H.L.F.D., Rietveld, P., & Verburg, P.H. (2015). Manifestations and underlying drivers of agricultural land use change in Europe. Landscape and Urban Planning, 133, 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.09.001
  • Verburg, P.H., Crossman, N., Ellis, E.C., Heinimann, A., Hostert, P., Mertz, O., Nagendra, H., Sikor, T., Erb, K.-H., Golubiewski, N., Grau, R., Grove, M., Konaté, S., Meyfroidt, P., Parker, D.C., Chowdhury, R.R., Shibata, H., Thomson, A., & Zhen, L. (2015). Land system science and sustainable development of the earth system: A global land project perspective. Anthropocene, 12, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2015.09.004
  • Verburg, P.H., Mertz, O., Erb, K.-H., Haberl, H., & Wu, W. (2013). Land system change and food security: Towards multi-scale land system solutions. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(5), 494–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.07.003
  • Watts, M. (2004). Resource curse? governmentality, oil and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Geopolitics, 9(1), 50–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040412331307832
  • Werner, M., & Bair, J. (2019). Global value chains and uneven development. A disarticulations perspective. In S. Ponte, G. Gereffi, & G. Raj-Reichert (Eds.), Handbook on global value chains (pp. 183–198). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779
  • Wilson, J.D. (2015). Understanding resource nationalism: Economic dynamics and political institutions. Contemporary Politics, 21(4), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2015.1013293
  • Wolf, E.R. (2001). Pathways of power: Building an anthropology of the modern world. University of California Press.
  • World Bank. (1992). Strategy for african mining: mining unit, industry and energy division (Africa Technical Department Series No. 181). https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/722101468204567891/pdf/multi-page.pdf