Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly

References

• Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2012. Ca Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(2):87–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gridelli C, Balducci L, Ciardiello F, et al. Treatment of elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer: results of an international expert panel meeting of the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology. Clinical Lung Cancer. 2015;16(5):325–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gridelli C, Langer C, Maione P, et al. Lung cancer in the elderly. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(14):1898–1907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balducci L. Extermann management of cancer in the older person: a practical approach. Oncologist. 2000;5:224–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jørgensen TL, Hallas J, Land LH, et al. Comorbidity and polypharmacy in elderly patients. The significance on treatment outcome and tolerance. J Geriat Oncol. 2010;1:87–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtman SM. Polypharmacy: geriatric oncology evaluation should become mainstream. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1422–1423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikolich-Zugich J. The Aging Immune System: Challenges for the 21st Century. Seminars in immunology. 2012;24(5):301-302.
   Google Scholar
• Wang S, Wong ML, Hamilton N, et al. Impact of age and comorbidity on non-small-cell lung cancer treatment in older veterans. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:1447–1455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacher AG, Le LW, Leighl NB, et al. Elderly patients with advanced NSCLC in phase III clinical trials: are the elderly excluded from practice-changing trials in advanced NSCLC? J Thorac Oncol. 2013;8(3):366–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney M. Older patients in NCI-sponsored clinical treatment trials. Talk presented at: 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2012 Jun 2; Chicago, IL.
   Google Scholar
• Talarico L, Chen G, Pazdur R. Enrollment of elderly patients in clinical trials for cancer drug registration: a 7-year experience by the US food and drug administration. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(22):4626–4631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidoff AJ, Tang M, Seal B, et al. Chemotherapy and survival benefit in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(13):2191–2197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maestu I, Muñoz J, Gómez-Aldaraví L, et al. Assessment of functional status, symptoms and comorbidity in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gemcitabine and vinorelbine. Clin Trans Oncol. 2007;9:99–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saliba S, Elliot M, Rubenstein LA, et al. The vulnerable elders survey (VES-13): a tool for identifying vulnerable elders in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:1691–1699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Extermann M, Hurria A. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1824–1831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal SK, Katheria V, Hurria A. Evaluating the older patient with cancer: understanding frailty and the geriatric assessment. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60:120–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corre R, Greillier L, Le Caer H, et al. Use of a comprehensive geriatric assessment for the management of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: The phase III randomized ESOGIA-GFPC-GECP 08–02 study. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:1476–1483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Mahony D, Gallagher P, Ryan C, et al. STOPP & START criteria: A new approach to detecting potentially appropriate prescribing in old age. Eur Geriatr Med. 2010;1:45–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gridelli C. The ELVIS trial: a phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly lung cancer vinorelbine Italian study. Oncologist. 2001;6(Suppl1):4–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camerini A, Valsuani C, Mazzoni F, et al. Phase II trial of single-agent oral vinorelbine in elderly (> or =70 years) patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and poor performance status. Ann Oncol. 2010;21:1290–1295.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Camerini A, Puccetti C, Donati S, et al. Metronomic oral vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: results of phase II trial (MOVE trial). BMC Cancer. 2015;15:359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudoh S, Takeda K, Nakagawa K, et al. Phase III study of docetaxel compared with vinorelbine in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG 9904). J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3657–3663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidias P, Supko JG, Martins R, et al. A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:3942–3949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi D, Dennetta D, Ugolini M, et al. Weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients (aged ≥70 years) with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an alternative choice? results of a phase II study. Clin Lung Cancer. 2008;9:280–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) phase III randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95:362–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Rizzo S, Fulfaro F, et al. Gemcitabine-based doublets versus single agent therapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a literature-based meta-analysis. Cancer. 2009;115:1924–1931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Des Guetz G, Uzzan B, Nicolas P, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of single-agent and doublet chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly: a meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2012;84:340–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi WX, Tang L, He AN, et al. Doublet versus single cytotoxic agent as first-line treatment for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung. 2012;190:477–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quoix E, Zalcman G, Oster JP, et al. Carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy compared with monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: IFCT-0501 randomized, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1079–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socinski MA, Langer CJ, Okamoto I, et al. Safety and efficacy of weekly nab(R)- paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin as first-line therapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2013;24:314–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer C, Anderson E, Jotte R, et al. ABOUND.70+: safety and efficacy of nab-paclitaxel/carboplatin (nab-P/C) in elderly patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(suppl; abstr 9059).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abe T, Yokoyama A, Takeda K, et al. Randomized phase III trial comparing weekly docetaxel (D)-cisplatin (P) combination with triweekly D alone in elderly patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): an intergroup trial of JCOG0803/WJOG4307L. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(abstr):7509.
   Google Scholar
• Tsukada H, Yokoyama A, Goto K, et al. Randomized controlled trial comparing docetaxel-cisplatin combination with weekly docetaxel alone in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0207 dagger. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2015;45:88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou GY, Li T, Gu CP, et al. Efficacy study of single-agent gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus carboplatin in untreated elderly patients with stage IIIb/IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010;90:100–102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gridelli C, Rossi A, Di Maio M, et al. Rationale and design of MILES-3 and MILES-4 studies: two randomized phase 3 trials comparing single-agent chemotherapy versus cisplatin-based doublets in elderly patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2014;15:166–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gridelli C, Morabito A, Cavanna L, et al. Efficacy of the addition of cisplatin to single-agent first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a joint analysis of the multicenter, randomized phase III MILES-3 and MILES-4 studies. J Clin Oncol. 2017; 35(15suppl):9002-9002).
   Google Scholar
• Gridelli C, Ardizzoni A, Douillard JY, et al. Recent issues in first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of an International Expert Panel Meeting of the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology. Lung Cancer. 2010;68:319—331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J, Sharma DB, Gray SW, et al. Carboplatin and paclitaxel with vs. without bevacizumab in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. JAMA. 2012;307:1593–1601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laskin J, Crino L, Felip E, et al. Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced or recurrent nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer: safety of avastin in lung trial (MO19390). J Thorac Oncol. 2012;7:203–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wozniak AJ, Kosty MP, Jahanzeb M, et al. Clinical outcomes in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: results from ARIES, a bevacizumab observational cohort study. Clin Oncol R Coll Radiol. 2015;27:187–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian RH, Wu X, Liu X, et al. The role of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of eleven randomized controlled trials. J Cancer Res Ther. 2016;12:571–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattori Y, Iwasaku M, Satouchi M, et al. A phase II study of pemetrexed in chemotherapy-naive elderly patients aged ≥75 years with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (HANSHIN Oncology Group 003). Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2013;43:1184–1189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss GJ, Langer C, Rosell R, et al. Elderly patients benefit from second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy: A subset analysis of a randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4405–4411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos FN, De Castria TB, Cruz MR, et al. Chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;10:CD010463.
   Google Scholar
• Novello S, Barlesi F, Califano R, et al. Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(S5):v1–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanna N, Johnson D, Temin S, et al. Systemic therapy for stage IV non–small-cell lung cancer: American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(30):3484–3515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosell R, Carcereny E, Gervais R, et al. Spanish lung cancer group in collaboration with groupe Français de Pneumo-cancérologie and associazione italiana oncologia toracica. Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EURTAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:239–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G, et al. Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:735–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu YL, Zhou C, Hu CP, et al. Afatinib versus cisplatin plus gemcitabine for first-line treatment of Asian patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring EGFR mutations (LUX-lung 6): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:213–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tateishi K, Ichiyama T, Hirai K, et al. Clinical outcomes in elderly patients administered gefitinib as first-line treatment in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: retrospective analysis in a Nagano Lung Cancer Research Group study. Med Oncol. 2013 [Mar];30(1):450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morikawa N, Minegishi Y, Inoue A, et al. First-line gefitinib for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations. A combined analysis of North-East Japan study group studies. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015 [Mar];16(4):465–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi K, Saito H, Hasegawa Y, et al. First‑line gefitinib therapy for elderly patients with non‑small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation: central Japan lung study group 0901. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2014;74:721–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maemondo M, Minegishi Y, Inoue A. First-line gefitinib in patients aged 75 or older with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: NEJ 003 study. J Thorac Oncol. 2012 [Sep];7(9):1417–1422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SM, Khan I, Upadhyay S, et al. First-line erlotinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer unsuitable for chemotherapy (TOPICAL): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 [Nov];13(11):1161–1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshioka H, Komuta K, Imamura F, et al. Efficacy and safety of erlotinib in elderly patients in the phase IV POLARSTAR surveillance study of Japanese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2014 [Nov];86(2):201–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigot F, Boudou-Rouquette P, Arrondeau J, et al. Erlotinib pharmacokinetics: a critical parameter influencing acute toxicity in elderly patients over 75 years old. Invest New Drugs. 2017;35:242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fein L, Wu YL, Sequist LV, et al. Afatinib versus chemotherapy for EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patients aged ≥65 years: subgroup analysis of LUX-lung 3/6: track: advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol. 2016 [Oct];11(10S):S202–S203.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goss G, Tsai CM, Shepherd FA, et al. Osimertinib for pretreated EGFR Thr790Met-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (AURA2): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2016 [Dec];17(12):1643–1652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok TS, Wu Y-L, Ahn M-J, et al. Osimertinib or platinum-pemetrexed in EGFR T790M-positive lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(7):629–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang JC, Ahn MJ, Kim DW, et al. Osimertinib in pretreated T790M-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: AURA study phase II extension component. J Clin Oncol. 2017 [Apr 20];35(12):1288–1296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soria JC, Ohe Y, Vansteenkiste J, et al. Osimertinib in untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:113–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCT02296125. Access of Gennuary; 2018. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov:
   Google Scholar
• NCT02474355. Access of Gennuary; 2018. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov:
   Google Scholar
• Wu YL, Cheng Y, Zhou X, et al. Dacomitinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ARCHER 1050): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 [Nov];18(11):1454–1466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak EL, Bang YJ, Camidge DR, et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1693–1703. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2011; 364:588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw AT, Kim DW, Nakagawa K, et al. Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013 [Jun 20];368(25):2385–2394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon BJ, Mok T, Kim DWN, et al. First-line crizotinib versus chemotherapy in ALK-positive lung cancer. Engl J Med. 2014 [Dec 4];371(23):2167–2177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu F-Y, Wu Y-L. Personalized treatment strategies for non-small-cell lung cancer in Chinese patients: the role of crizotinib. Onco Targets Ther. 2015;8:999–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw AT, Kim DW, Mehra R, et al. Ceritinib in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014 [Mar 27];370(13):1189–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alectinib vs crizotinib in treatment-naïve ALK+ NSCLC: CNS efficacy results from the ALEX study. Abstract: 1298O_PR. Presented at the ESMO meeting. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Funakoshi T, Muss H, Moschos S. Abstract A159: comparison of efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between younger and older patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016;4:A159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 [Jul 9];373(2):123–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 [Oct 22];373(17):1627–1639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe S, Goto Y,Motoi N, et al. Nivolumab in elderly or poor performance status patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12(1):S1338–S1339.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Migliorino MR, Gelibter A, Grossi F, et al. Use of nivolumab in elderly patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC: results from the Italian Expanded Access Program (EAP). Ann Oncol. 2017;28(suppl_5):v460–v496.
   Google Scholar
• Grossi F, Crinò L, Catino A, et al. Use of nivolumab in elderly patients with advanced squamous NSCLC: results from the Italian Expanded Access Programme (EAP). J Thor Onc. 2017;12(1):s(1337–1338). P3.02c-096.
   Google Scholar
• Gettinger SN, Horn L, Ramalingam SS, et al. Nivolumab (NIVO) safety profile: summary of findings from trials in patients (pts) with advanced (SQ) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eur J Cancer. 2015;51:S631.
   Google Scholar
• Popat S, Ardizzoni A, Ciuleanu T, et al. Nivolumab in previously treated patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC: results of a European, single-arm, phase 2 Trial (CheckMate 171) including patients aged ≥70 years or with poor performance status. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(suppl_5):v460–v496.
   Google Scholar
• Herbst RS, Baas P, Kim DW, et al. Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1 positive, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (keynote-010): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;387(10027):1540–1550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reck M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1 positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 [Nov 10];375(19):1823–1833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi L, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Gadgeel S, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer. New England J Med. 2018 Apr 16;378:2078–2092. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittmeyer A, Barlesi F, Waterkamp D, et al. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 [Jan 21];389(10066):255–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallis AG, Hatse S, Brouwers B, et al. Evaluating the physiological reserves of older patients with cancer: the value of potential biomarkers of aging? J Geriatr Oncol. 2014;5(2):204–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine ME. Modeling the rate of senescence: can estimated biological age predict mortality more accurately than chronological age? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68(6):667–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klemera P, Doubal S. A new approach to the concept and computation of biological age. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006;127(3):240–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacher AG, Le LW, Leigh NB, et al. Elderly patients with advanced NSCLC in phase III clinical trials: are the elderly excluded from practice-changing trials in advanced NSCLC? J Thorac Oncol. 2013;8:366–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurria A, Cohen HJ, Extermann M. Geriatric oncology research in the cooperative groups: a report of a SIOG special meeting. J Geriatr Oncol. 2010;1:40–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Repetto L, Biganzoli L, Koehne CH, et al. EORTC in the elderly task force guidelines for the use of colony-stimulating factors in elderly patients with cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(16):2264–2272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar