Combined evaluation of durability and ecotoxicity: A case study on furfurylated wood

References

• CEN/TS, 15083-1 2006 . Durability of wood and wood-based products. Determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi, test methods. Part 1: Basidiomycetes . Brussels : European Committee for Standardization .
   Google Scholar
• Daphtoxkit F™ Magna 2001 . Crustacean toxicity screening test for freshwater. Standard operational procedure . Nazareth, , Belgium : MicroBioTests .
   Google Scholar
• De Vetter , L. and Van Acker , J. 2009 . “ Methodology to evaluate efficacy and ecotoxicology of modified wood ” . In Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Wood Modification , Edited by: Englund , F. , Hill , C. A. S. , Militz , H. and Segerholm , B. K. 77 – 83 . Stockholm, Sweden .
   Google Scholar
• De Vetter , L. , Depraetere , G. , Janssen , C. , Stevens , M. and Van Acker , J. 2008 . Methodology to assess both the efficacy and ecotoxicology of preservative treated and modified wood . Annals of Forest Science , 65 : 504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vetter , L. , Depraetere , G. , Stevens , M. , Janssen , C. and Van Acker , J. 2009 . Potential contribution of organosilicon compounds to reduced leaching of biocides in wood protection . Annals of Forest Science , 66 : 209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Eetvelde , G. , De Geyter , S. , Marchal , P. Stevens , M. 1998 . Aquatic toxicity research of structural materials (IRG/WP 98-50114). International Research Group on Wood Protection .
   Google Scholar
• EN 113 1996 . Wood preservatives. Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying Basidiomycetes. Determination of the toxic values . Brussels : European Committee for Standardization .
   Google Scholar
• EN 335-1 2006 . Durability of wood and derived materials. Definition of use classes. Part 1: General . Brussels : European Committee for Standardization .
   Google Scholar
• EN 350-1 1994 . Durability of wood and wood-based products. Natural durability of solid wood. Part 1: Guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood . Brussels : European Committee for Standardization .
   Google Scholar
• EN 350-2 1994 . Durability of wood and wood-based products. Natural durability of solid wood. Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe . European Committee for Standardization , Brussels .
   Google Scholar
• EN 84 1996 . Wood preservatives. Accelerated ageing of treated wood prior to biological testing. Leaching procedure . Brussels : European Committee for Standardization .
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , M. A. , Russo , R. C. and Thurston , R. V. 1977 . Trimmed Spearman–Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays . Environmental Science and Technology , 11 : 714 – 718 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , C. 2006 . “ Wood modification: Chemical, thermal and other processes ” . In Wiley Series in Renewable Resources , Edited by: Stevens , C. V. 239 Chichester : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Lande , S. , Eikenes , M. and Westin , M. 2004a . Chemistry and ecotoxicology of furfurylated wood . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 19 ( Suppl. 5 ) : 14 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lande , S. , Westin , M. and Schneider , M. 2004b . Properties of furfurylated wood . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 19 : 22 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lande , S. , Westin , M. and Schneider , M. 2004c . Eco-efficient wood protection—Furfurylated wood as alternative to traditional wood preservation . Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal , 15–5 : 529 – 540 .
   Google Scholar
• Manusadžianas , L. , Balkelytė , L. , Sadauskas , K. , Blinova , I. , P[otilde]llumaa , L. and Kahru , A. 2003 . Ecotoxicological study of Lithuanian and Estonian wastewaters: Selection of the biotests, and correspondence between toxicity and chemical-based indices . Aquatic Toxicology , 63 : 27 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Microtox 1995 . Acute toxicity basic procedures . Carlsbad, CA : Azur Environmental .
   Google Scholar
• Pilgård , A. Westin , M. 2008 . Ecotoxicity of furfurylated wood—Effect of leachate on aquatic bacteria (IRG/WP 08-50250). International Research Group on Wood Protection .
   Google Scholar
• OECD 2007 . OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals, proposal for a new guideline . Guideline 313. TC38-WG27-No. 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Treu , A. , Pilgård , A. , Puttmann , S. , Krause A. Westin , M. 2009 . Material properties of furfurylated wood for window production (IRG/WP 09-40480). International Research Group on Wood Protection .
   Google Scholar
• US EPA 2006 . Trimmed Spearman–Karber . Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/nerleerd/stat2.htm
   Google Scholar
• Van Acker , J. 2003 . “ Assessing performance potential of modified wood focussing on dimensional stability and biological durability ” . In Proceedings of the First European Conference on Wood Modification , Edited by: Van Acker , J. and Hill , C. 153 – 168 . Ghent, Belgium .
   Google Scholar
• Venås , T. M. 2008 . A study of mechanisms related to the fungal decay protection rendered by wood furfurylation . PhD dissertation. Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Danish Technological Institute, Building and Construction .
   Google Scholar
• Westin , M. and Alfredsen , G. 2007 . “ Durability of modified wood in three different soil types ” . In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Wood Modification , Edited by: Hill , C. A. S. , Militz , H. and Ormondroyd , G. A. 309 – 315 . Bangor, UK .
   Google Scholar
• Westin , M. , Rapp , A. O. and Nilsson , T. 2006 . Field test of resistance of modified wood to marine borers . Wood Material Science and Engineering , 1 : 34 – 38 .
   Google Scholar