Real-time diesel particulate matter monitoring in underground mines: evolution and applications

References

• M.J. Mc Pherson, Subsurface Ventilation and Environmental Engineering, Springer Science & Business Media, New Delhi, India, 2012, chapter 1, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• D. McKinnon, Diesel Emission Control Strategies Available to the Underground Mining Industry, ESI International - Report to the Diesel Emissions Evaluation Program, Canada, Feb, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• D.J. Stephenson, T. Spear, and M. Lutte, Comparison of sampling methods to measure exposure to diesel particulate matter in an underground metal mine, Min. Eng. 58 (2006), pp. 39–42.
   Google Scholar
• N.R. Council, Health Effects of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust, in Health Effects of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust, National Academy Press, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• J. Gamble, W. Jones, J. Hudak, and J. Merchant, Acute changes in pulmonary function in salt miners, Presented at ACGIH conference on mining and tunneling, Denver, CO, 1978, pp. 119–128.
   Google Scholar
• R.G. Ames, M. Attfield, J. Hankinson, F. Hearl, and R. Reger, Acute respiratory effects of exposure to diesel emissions in coal miners 1–4, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 125 (1982), pp. 39–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Reger, J. Hancock, J. Hankinson, F. Hearl, and J. Merchant, Coal miners exposed to diesel exhaust emissions, Ann. Occup. Hyg. 26 (1982), pp. 799–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC, NIOSH recommendations for occupational safety and health standards 1988, MMWR, Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep. 37 (1988), pp. 1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• M.P. Walsh, Global trends in diesel emissions control-A 1999 update, SAE Technical Paper, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• D.F. Scott, R.L. Grayson, and E.A. Metz, Disease and illness in US mining, 1983–2001, J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46 (2004), pp. 1272–1277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC, IARC: Diesel engine exhaust carcinogenic; 2012; [cited 2012 Jun 23]. Availabe at http://www. iarc. fr/en/media-centre/pr/2012/pdfs/pr213_E. pdf.
   Google Scholar
• A. Gillies and H.W. Wu, Evaluation of a first mine real-time diesel particulate matter (DPM) monitor, Aust. Coal Assoc. Res. Program Grant C 15028 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• MSHA, 30 CFR part 57 diesel particulate matter exposure of underground metal and nonmetal miners; final rule, Fed. Regist. 70 (2005), pp. 32868.
   Google Scholar
• G. Ramachandran and W.F. Watts, Statistical comparison of diesel particulate matter measurement methods, Aiha J. 64 (2003), pp. 329–337.
   Google Scholar
• M.U. Khan, Real-time diesel particulate matter monitoring in underground mine atmospheres, association with the standard method and related challenges, PhD diss., Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• A. Gillies, B. Balle., H.W. Wu, and M.U. Khan, Comparison of diesel particulate matter ambient monitoring practices in underground mines in Australia, the United States and South Africa, J. Mine Vent. Soc. S. Afr. 70 (2017), pp. 20–26.
   Google Scholar
• MSHA, 30 CFR part 72 diesel particulate matter exposure of coal miners; proposed rule, Fed. Regist. 68 (2001), pp. 5526.
   Google Scholar
• A.D. Bugarski, E.G. Cauda, S.J. Janisko, S.E. Mischler, and J.D. Noll, Diesel Aerosols and Gases in Underground Mines: Guide to Exposure Assessment and Control, Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, Colorado, CO, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• M.U. Khan and A.D.S. Gillies, Diesel particulate matter: Monitoring and control improves safety and air quality, in Advances in Productive, Safe, and Responsible Coal Mining, J. Hirschi, ed., Woodhead Publishing, 2019, pp. 199–213.
   Google Scholar
• D. Tomko, R. Stackpole, C. Findlay, and W. Pomroy, Metal/nonmetal Diesel Particulate Matter Rule, Proceedings of the 13th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Sudbury, Canada, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• J.R. Warner, J.H. Johnson, S.T. Bagley, and C.T. Huynh, Effects of a catalyzed particulate filter on emissions from a diesel engine: Chemical characterization data and particulate emissions measured with thermal optical and gravimetric methods, 0148–7191, SAE Technical Paper, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• S.D. Shah, D.R. Cocker, K.C. Johnson, J.M. Lee, B.L. Soriano, and J.W. Miller, Reduction of particulate matter emissions from diesel backup generators equipped with four different exhaust aftertreatment devices, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007), pp. 5070–5076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N.T.K. Oanh, W. Thiansathit, T.C. Bond, R. Subramanian, E. Winijkul, and I. Paw-armart, Compositional characterization of PM 2.5 emitted from in-use diesel vehicles, Atmos. Environ. 44 (2010), pp. 15–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Zielinska, J. Sagebiel, J. McDonald, C. Rogers, E. Fujita, P. Mousset-Jones, and J. Woodrow, Measuring diesel emissions exposure in underground mines: A feasibility study, Research directions to improve estimates of human exposure and risk from diesel exhaust. Health Effects Institute Diesel Epidemiology Working Group, Boston, MA, 2002, pp. 181–232.
   Google Scholar
• J.D. McDonald, B. Zielinska, J.C. Sagebiel, and M.R. McDaniel, Characterization of fine particle material in ambient air and personal samples from an underground mine, Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002), pp. 1033–1044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Noll, A. Bugarski, L. Patts, S. Mischler, and L. McWilliams, Relationship between elemental carbon, total carbon, and diesel particulate matter in several underground metal/non-metal mines, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007), pp. 710–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.E. Birch and R.A. Cary, Elemental carbon-based method for occupational monitoring of particulate diesel exhaust: Methodology and exposure issues, Analyst 121 (1996), pp. 1183–1190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.K. Cantrell and W.F. Watts Jr, Diesel exhaust aerosol: Review of occupational exposure, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 12 (1997), pp. 1019–1027.
   Google Scholar
• S. McGinn, Controlling diesel emissions in underground mining within an evolving regulatory structure in Canada and the United States of America, Proceedings of Queensland Mining Industry Health & Safety Conference, Queensland, Australia, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• M. Gangal, Summary of worldwide underground mine diesel regulations, Proceedings of the 18th MDEC Conference, Toronto, Ontario, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• D. Dahmann and H.-D. Bauer, Diesel particulate matter (DPM) in workplaces in Germany, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 12 (1997), pp. 1028–1031.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of Occupational Hygiene (AIOH), Diesel Particulate Matter and Occupational Health Issues, AIOH Exposure Standards Committee, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• M.E. Birch and J.D. Noll, Submicrometer elemental carbon as a selective measure of diesel particulate matter in coal mines, J. Environ. Monit. 6 (2004), pp. 799–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.E. Mischler, A.D. Bugarski, and J.D. Noll, Instrumentation for diesel particulate matter emissions research, 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006: Proceedings of the 11th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, CRC Press, Pennsylvania, USA, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• J.D. Noll and S. Janisko, Evaluation of a wearable monitor for measuring real-time diesel particulate matter concentrations in several underground mines, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 10 (2013), pp. 716–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.D. Noll, J. Volkwein, S. Janisko, and L. Patts, Portable instruments for measuring tailpipe diesel particulate in underground mines, Mining Eng. 65 (2013), pp. 42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• J.D. Noll, R.J. Timko, L. McWilliams, P. Hall, and R. Haney, Sampling results of the improved SKC diesel particulate matter cassette, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2 (2005), pp. 29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Moosmüller, W. Arnott, C. Rogers, J. Bowen, J. Gillies, W. Pierson, J. Collins, T. Durbin, and J.M. Norbeck, Time resolved characterization of diesel particulate emissions. 1. Instruments for particle mass measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (2001), pp. 781–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Moosmüller, W. Arnott, C. Rogers, J. Bowen, J. Gillies, W. Pierson, J. Collins, T. Durbin, and J.M. Norbeck, Time-resolved characterization of diesel particulate emissions. 2. Instruments for elemental and organic carbon measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (2001), pp. 1935–1942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Kelly and C. Morgan, An evaluation of the tapered element oscillating microbalance method for measuring diesel particulate emissions, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52 (2002), pp. 1362–1377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.P. Arnott, I.J. Arnold, P. Mousset-Jones, K. Kins, and S. Shaff, Real-time measurements of diesel EC and TC in a Nevada gold mine with photoacoustic and Dusttrak instruments: Comparison with NIOSH 5040 filter results, Proceedings of 12th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Reno, Nevada, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• S. Janisko and J. Noll, Near real time monitoring of diesel particulate matter in underground mines, Proceedings of the 12th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Reno, Nv, 2008, pp. 509–513.
   Google Scholar
• J. Noll, L. Patts, and R. Grau, The effects of ventilation controls and environmental cabs on diesel particulate matter concentrations in some limestone mines, Proceedings of the 12th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Reno, NV, 2008, pp. 9–11.
   Google Scholar
• A. Gillies, Real-time diesel particulate matter ambient monitoring in underground mines, J. Coal Sci. Eng. (China) 17 (2011), pp. 225–231.
   Google Scholar
• A. Gillies and H.W. Wu, Underground atmosphere real time personal respirable dust and diesel particulate matter direct monitoring, Proceedings of Coal Operators Conference, The AusIMM Illawarra Branch, Wollongong, Australia, 2008, pp. 143–154.
   Google Scholar
• H.W. Wu, A. Gillies, J. Volkwein, and J. Noll, Real-time DPM ambient monitoring in underground mines, Proceedings of Ninth International Mine Ventilation Congress, Oxford, IBH, New Delhi, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• L. Takiff and A. Geoffrey, A real-time, wearable elemental carbon monitor for use in underground mines, Proceedings of 13th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Sudbury, Canada, 2010, pp. 137–141.
   Google Scholar
• S. Janisko and J. Noll, Field evaluation of diesel particulate matter using portable elemental carbon monitors, Proceedings of the 13th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium Sudbury, MIRARCO-Mining Innovation, Ontario, Canada, 2010, pp. 47–52.
   Google Scholar
• J.F. Griffith, R. John, and J.R. Kimball, Pilot study- protection factor of closed cab equipment for diesel particulate matter in an underground mine, 14th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Utah, USA, 2012, pp. 221–224.
   Google Scholar
• K.C. Kimbal, L. Pahler, R. Larson, and J. VanDerslice, Monitoring diesel particulate matter and calculating diesel particulate densities using Grimm model 1.109 real-time aerosol monitors in underground mines, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 9 (2012), pp. 353–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Noll, S. Janisko, and S.E. Mischler, Real-time diesel particulate monitor for underground mines, Anal. Methods 5 (2013), pp. 2954–2963.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.U. Khan and A. Gillies, Realtime diesel particulate matter monitoring in US underground mines, Proceedingd of Society of Mininng Metallurgy and Exploration, Denver, CO, USA, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• M.U. Khan. and A. Gillies, Real-time monitoring of DPM, airborne dust and correlating elemental carbon measured by two methods in underground mines in USA, 15th North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Blacksburg, VA, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• C.H. Yu, A.P. Patton, A. Zhang, Z.H. Fan, C.P. Weisel, and P.J. Lioy, Evaluation of diesel exhaust continuous monitors in controlled environmental conditions, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 12 (2015), pp. 577–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Volkwein, A.D.A. Hansen, and J. Hill, A new sensor for continuous tracking od diesel particulate matter in mines to optimize mine ventilation systems, Proceedings of Society of Mininng Metallurgy and Exploration, Phoenix, USA, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• C. Pritchard, J. Hill, J. Volkwein, J. Noll, and A. Miller, Reduction in diesel particulate matter through advanced filtration and monitoring techniques, Min. Eng. 69 (2017), pp. 31–36.
   Google Scholar
• C.A. Barrett, S. Gaillard, and S. Emily, Demonstration of continuous monitors for tracking DPM trends over prolonged periods in an underground mine, North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Denver, CO, USA, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• C.A. Barrett, Continuous DPM monitoring in underground mine environments: Demonstration of potential options in the laboratory and field. PhD. diss., Virginia Tech, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• D.S. Fleck, C.C. Alan, J.F. Sauve, P.E. Njanga, E. Neesham-Grenon, G. Lachapelle, H. Coulombe, S. Hallé, S. Aubin, J. Lavoué, and M. Debia, Diesel engine exhaust exposure in underground mines: Comparison between different surrogates of particulate exposure, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. V (2018), pp. 549–558.
   Google Scholar
• M.G. Grenier, Sampling for Diesel Particulate Matter in Mines, Natural Resources Canada, CANMET, Mining & Mineral Sciences Laboratories, Ontario, Canada. 2001.
   Google Scholar