1,288
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Parasocial Breakup Among Young Children in the United States

Pages 474-490 | Received 06 Apr 2013, Accepted 07 Aug 2014, Published online: 10 Sep 2014

References

  • Aubrey, J. S., & Harrison, K. (2004). The gender-role content of children's favorite television programs and its links to their gender-related perceptions. Media Psychology, 6, 111–146. 10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_1.
  • Bem, S. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of gender typing. Psychological Review, 88, 352–364.
  • Berndt, T. J., Hawkins, J. A., & Hoyle, S. G. (1986). Changes in friendships during a school year: Effects on children's and adolescent's impressions of friendship and sharing with friends. Child Development, 57, 1284–1297.
  • Berndt, T. J., & Hoyle, S. G. (1985). Stability and change in childhood and adolescent friendships. Child Development, 21, 1007–1015.
  • Bond, B. J., & Calvert, S. L. (2014). A model and measure of U.S. parents' perceptions of young children's parasocial relationships. Journal of Children and Media, 8, 286–304. 10.1080/17482798.2014.890948.
  • Calvert, S. L., & Kotler, J. A. (2003). Lessons from children's television: The impact of the Children's Television Act on children's learning. Applied Developmental Psychology, 24, 275–335. 10.1016/S0193-3973(03)00060-1.
  • Calvert, S. L., Kotler, J. A., Murray, W. F., Gonzales, E., Savoye, K., Hammack, P., … Hammar, M. (2001). Children's online reports about educational and informational television programs. Applied Developmental Psychology, 22, 103–117. 10.1016/S0193-3973(00)00069-1.
  • Calvert, S. L., Kotler, J. A., Zehnder, S. M., & Shockey, E. M. (2003). Gender stereotyping in children's reports about educational and informational television programs. Media Psychology, 5, 139–162. 10.1207/S1532785XMEP0502_2.
  • Calvert, S. L., Strong, B. L., Jacobs, E. L., & Conger, E. E. (2007). Interaction and participation for young Hispanic and Caucasian girls' and boys' learning of media content. Media Psychology, 9, 431–445. 10.1080/15213260701291379.
  • Cohen, J. (2003). Parasocial breakups: Measuring individual differences in responses to the dissolution of parasocial relationships. Mass Communication & Society, 6, 191–202. 10.1207/S15327825MCS0602_5.
  • Cole, C. F., Kotler, J., & Pai, S. (2010). “Happy healthy Muppets”: A look at Sesame Workshop's health initiatives around the world. In P. A.Gaist (Ed.), Igniting the power of community: The role of CBOs and NGOs in global public health (pp. 277–294). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Common Sense Media. (2013). Zero to eight: Children's media use in America 2013. San Francisco, CA: Author.
  • Dale, P. S. (1991). The validity of a parent report measure of vocabulary and syntax at 24 months. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 34, 565–571.
  • Duck, S. W. (1975). Personality similarity and friendship choices by adolescents. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5, 351–365. 10.1002/ejsp.2420050308.
  • Eyal, K., & Cohen, J. (2006). When good Friends say goodbye: A parasocial breakup study. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50, 502–523. 10.1207/s15506878jobem5003_9.
  • Gola, A. A., Richards, M., Lauricella, A., & Calvert, S. L. (2013). Building meaningful relationships between toddlers and media characters to teach early mathematical skills. Media Psychology, 16, 390–411. 10.1080/15213269.2013.783774.
  • Hoffner, C. (1996). Children's wishful identification and parasocial interaction with favorite television characters. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 40, 389–402. 10.1080/08838159609364360.
  • Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance. Psychiatry, 19, 215–229.
  • Huston, A. C. (1983). Sex typing. In P. H.Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, vol. 4: Socialization, personality, and social behavior (4th ed.) (pp. 387–467). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Kohlberg, L. (1966). A cognitive-developmental analysis of children's sex role concepts and attitudes. In E. E.Maccoby (Ed.), The development of sex differences (pp. 82–172). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Kraidy, U. S. (2002). Sunny days on Sesame Street? Multiculturalism and resistance postmodernism. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 26, 9–25. 10.1177/0196859902026001002.
  • Lauricella, A. R., Gola, A. A. H., & Calvert, S. L. (2011). Toddlers' learning from socially meaningful video characters. Media Psychology, 14, 216–232. 10.1080/15213269.2011.573465.
  • Luecke-Aleksa, D., Anderson, D., Collins, P., & Schmitt, K. (1995). Gender constancy and television viewing. Developmental Psychology, 31, 773–780. 10.1037/0012-1649.31.5.773.
  • Rosaen, S. F., & Dibble, J. L. (2008). Investigating the relationships among child's age, parasocial interactions, and the social realism of favorite television characters. Communication Research Reports, 25, 145–154. 10.1080/08824090802021806.
  • Ruble, D., & Martin, C. (1998). Gender development. In W.Damon & N.Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed.) (pp. 933–1016). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Ruble, D. N., Taylor, L. J., Cyphers, L., Greulich, F. K., Luyre, L. E., & Shrout, P. E. (2007). The role of gender constancy in early development. Child Development, 78, 1121–1136. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01056.x.
  • Rubin, A. M., & Perse, E. M. (1987). Audience activity and television news gratifications. Communication Research, 14, 58–84. 10.1177/009365087014001004.
  • Rubin, R. B., & McHugh, M. P. (1987). Development of parasocial interaction relationships. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31, 279–292. 10.1080/08838158709386664.
  • Theunissen, N. C. M., Vogels, T. G. C., Koopman, H. M., Verrips, G. H. W., Zwinderman, K. A. H., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (1998). The proxy problem: Child report versus parent report in health-related quality of life research. Quality of Life Research, 7, 387–397. 10.1023/A:1008801802877.
  • Warin, J. (2000). The attainment of self-consistency through gender in young children. Sex Roles, 42, 209–232. 10.1023/A:1007039222998.
  • Wilson, B. J., & Drogos, K. L. (2007, November). Preschoolers' attraction to media characters. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.