RANTES levels are elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

References

• Eisen A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a multifactorial disease. Muscle and Nerve 1995; 18: 741–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGeer E. G., McGeer P. L. Neurodegeneration and the immune system. Neurodegenerative diseases, D. B Calne. Saunders, Philadelphia 1994; 277–99
   Google Scholar
• Smith R. G., Enghelhardt J. T., Tajti J., Appel S. H. Experimental immune‐mediated motor neuron disease: models for human ALS. Brain Res Bull 1993; 30: 373–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel S. H., Stockton‐Appel V., Stewart S. S., Kerman R. H. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Associated clinical disorders and immunological evaluations. Arch Neurol 1986; 43: 224–38
   Google Scholar
• Younger D. S., Rowland L. P., Latov N., Sherman W., Pesce M., Lange D. J., et al. Motor neuron disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: relation of high CSF protein content to paraproteinaemia and clinical syndromes. Neurology 1990; 40: 595–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pestronk A., Adams R. N., Clauson L., Cornblath D., Kuncl R. W., Griffin D., et al. Serum antibodies to GM1 ganglioside in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 1988; 38: 1457–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latov N., Hays A. P., Donofrio P. D., Liao J., Ito H., McGinnis S., et al. Monoclonal IgM with unique specificity to gangliosides GM1 and GD1b and to lacto‐N‐tetraose associated with human motor neuron diseases. Neurology 1988; 38: 763–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratantoni S. A., Weisz G., Pardal A. M., Reisin R. C., Uchitel O. D. Amyotrophic lateralsclerosis IgG treated neuromuscular junctions develop sensitivity to L‐type calcium channel blocker. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23: 543–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benadar M. Antibodies from ALS patients inhibit dopamine release mediated by L‐type calcium channels. Neurology 1999; 52: 1520–1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apostolski S., Nikolic J., Bugarski‐Prokopljevic C., Miletic V., Pavlovic S., Filipovic S. Serum and CSF immunological findings in ALS. Acta Neurol Scand 1991; 83: 96–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troost D., van den Oord J. J., Vianney de Jong J. M. Immunohistochemical characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1990; 16: 401–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enghelhartdt J. I., Appel S. H. IgG reactivity in the spinal cord and motor cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1990; 47: 1210–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ono S., Hu J., Shimizu N., Imai T., Nakagawa H. Increased interleukin‐6 of skin and serum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2001; 187: 27–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panzara M. A., Gussoni E., Begovich A. B., Murray R. S., Zang Y. Q., Appel S. H., et al. T‐cell receptor BV gene rearrangements in the spinal cords and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 1999; 6: 392–405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekizawa T., Openshaw H., Obbo K., Sugamura K., Itoyama Y., Niland J. C. Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin‐6 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: immunological parameter and comparison with inflammatory and non‐ inflammatory central nervous system diseases. J Neurol Sci 1998; 154: 194–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser B., Loetscher P. Lymphocyte traffic control by chemokines. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 123–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luster A. Chemokines: chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 436–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iarlori C., Gambi D., Gambi F., Lucci I., Feliciani C., Salvatore M., et al. Expression and production of two selected beta‐chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40: 605–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartosik‐Psujek H., Stelmasiak Z. The levels of chemokines CXCL8, CCL2 and CCL5 in multiple sclerosis patients are linked to the activity of the disease. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12: 49–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andavolou R. G., Comings D. E., MacMurray J., Vuthoori R. K., Tourtellotte W. W., Nagra R. M., et al. RANTES: a genetic risk marker for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004; 10: 536–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnstone M., Gearing A. J., Miller K. M. A central role for astrocytes in the inflammatory response to beta‐amyloid; chemokines, cytokines and reactive oxygen species are produced. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 93: 182–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bona E., Andersson A. L., Blomgren K., Gilland E., Puka‐Sundvall M., Gustafson K., et al. Chemokine and inflammatory cell response to hypoxia‐ischaemia in immature rats. Pediatr Res 1999; 45: 500–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks B., Miller R., Swash M., Munsat T. El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 2000; 1: 293–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hensley K., Fedynyshyn J., Ferrell S., Floyd R. A., Gordon B., Grammas P., et al. Message and protein‐level elevation of tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) and TNFa‐modulating cytokines in spinal cords of the G93A‐SOD1 mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2003; 14: 74–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamata T., Akiyama H., Yamada T., McGeer P. L. Immunological reactions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brain and spinal cord tissue. Am J Pathol 1992; 140: 691–707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron P., Bussini S., Cardin V., Corbo M., Conti G., Galimberti D., et al. Production of monocyte chemo‐attractant protein‐1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle and Nerve 2005; 32: 541–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson E., Henry Y., Henkel J., Smith R., Appel S. Increased lipid peroxidation in sera of ALS patients. A potential biomarker of disease burden. Neurol 2004; 64: 1758–65
   Google Scholar
• Henkel J. S., Enghelhardt J. I., Siklos L., Simpson E. P., Kim S. H., Pan T., et al. Presence of dendritic cells, MCP‐1, and activated microglia/macrophages in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord tissue. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 221–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilms H., Sievers J., Dengler R., Buffler J., Deuschl G., Lucius R. Intrathecal synthesis of monocyte chemo‐attractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: further evidence for microglial activation in neurodegeneration. J of Neuroimmunol 2003; 144: 139–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opdenakker G., Nelissen I., van Damme J. Functional roles and therapeutic targeting of gelatinase B and chemokines in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 747–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar