References
- Alshibli , A. K. and Sture , S. 2000 . Shear band formation in plane strain experiments of sand . J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE , 126 ( 6 ) : 495 – 503 .
- Alshibli , A. K. , Batiste , S. N. and Sture , S. 2003 . Strain localization in sand: plane strain versus triaxial compression . J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE , 129 ( 6 ) : 483 – 494 .
- Alshibli , A. K. , Godbold , D. L. and Hoffman , K. 2004 . The Louisiana plane strain apparatus for soil testing . ASTM Geotech. Testing J. , 27 ( 4 ) : 337 – 346 .
- Barden , L. , Ismail , H. and Tong , P. 1969 . Plane strain deformation of granular material at low and high pressures . Geotechnique , 19 ( 4 ) : 441 – 452 .
- Bishop , A. W. 1966 . Strength of soil as engineering materials . Geotechnique , 16 ( 2 ) : 89 – 130 .
- Bolton , M. D. 1986 . The strength and dilatancy of sands . Geotechnique , 36 ( 1 ) : 65 – 78 .
- Chu , J. and Lo , S. -C. R. 1993 . On the measurement of critical state parameters of dense granular soils . ASTM Geotech. Testing J. , 16 ( 1 ) : 27 – 35 .
- Chu , J. , Lo , S. -C. R. and Lee , I. K. 1992 . Strain softening behavior of a granular soil in strain path testing . J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE , 118 ( 2 ) : 191 – 208 .
- Chu , J. , Lo , S. -C. R. and Lee , I. K. 1996 . Strain softening and shear band formation of sand in multi-axial testing . Geotechnique , 46 ( 1 ) : 63 – 82 .
- Cornforth , D. H. Plane strain failure characteristics of a saturated sand . PhD thesis, University of London .
- Cornforth , D. H. 1964 . Some experiments on the influence of strain conditions on the strength of sand . Geotechnique , 14 ( 2 ) : 143 – 167 .
- Desrues , J. and Viggiani , G. 2004 . Strain localization in sand: an overview of the experimental results obtained in Grenoble using stereophotogrammetry . Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 28 : 279 – 321 .
- Drescher , A. and Vardoulakis , I. 1982 . Geometric softening in triaxial tests on granular material . Geotechnique , 32 ( 4 ) : 291 – 303 .
- Drescher , A. , Vardoulakis , I. and Han , C. 1990 . A biaxial apparatus for testing soils . ASTM Geotech. Test. J. , 13 ( 3 ) : 226 – 234 .
- Duncan , J. M. and Seed , H. B. 1966 . Strength variation along failure surfaces in clay . J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE , 92 ( 6 ) : 81 – 104 .
- Finno , R. J. , Harris , W. W. and Viggiani , G. 1996 . Strain localization and undrained steady state of sand . J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE , 122 ( 6 ) : 462 – 473 .
- Finno , R. J. , Harris , W. W. , Mooney , M. A. and Viggiani , G. 1997 . Shear bands in plane strain compression of loose sand . Geotechnique , 47 ( 1 ) : 149 – 165 .
- Green , G. E. 1971 . “ Strength and deformation of sand measured in an independent stress control cell ” . In Roscoe Memorial Symposium: Stress–Strain Behaviour of Soils 285 – 323 .
- Green , G. E. and Reades , A. W. 1975 . Boundary conditions, anisotropy and sample shape effects on the stress–strain behaviour of sand in triaxial compression and plane strain . Geotechnique , 25 ( 2 ) : 333 – 356 .
- Hambly , E. C. 1969 . A new true triaxial apparatus . Geotechnique , 19 ( 2 ) : 307 – 309 .
- Han , C. and Vardoulakis , I. 1991 . Plane-strain compression experiments on water-saturated fine-grained sand . Geotechnique , 41 ( 1 ) : 49 – 78 .
- Harris , W. W. , Viggiani , G. , Mooney , M. A. and Finno , R. J. 1995 . Use of stereophotogrammetry to analyze the development of shear bands in sand . ASTM-Geotech. Testing J. , 18 ( 4 ) : 405 – 420 .
- Hettler , A. and Vardoulakis , I. 1984 . Behaviour of dry sand tested in a large triaxial apparatus . Geotechnique , 34 ( 2 ) : 183 – 197 .
- Jefferies , M. G. and Shuttle , D. A. 2002 . Dilatancy in general Cambridge-type models . Geotechnique , 52 ( 9 ) : 625 – 638 .
- Lade , P. V. 1977 . Elasto-plastic stress–strain theory for cohesionless soil with curved yield surfaces . Int. J. Solids Struct. , 13 : 1037 – 1053 .
- Lade , P. V. 1978 . Cubical triaxial apparatus for soil testing . ASTM-Geotech. Testing J. , 1 ( 2 ) : 93 – 101 .
- Lambe , T. W. and Whitman , R. V. 1979 . Soil Mechanics (SI Version) , New York : John Wiley .
- Lee , K. L. 1970 . Comparison of plane strain and triaxial tests on sand . J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE , 96 ( 3 ) : 901 – 923 . (1970)
- Lee , K. L. and Shubeck , R. J. 1971 . Plane-strain undrained strength of compacted clay . J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE , 97 ( 1 ) : 219 – 234 .
- Lo , S. -C. R. and Chu , J. 1991 . The measurement of by triaxial strain path testing . Soils Found. , 31 ( 2 ) : 181 – 187 .
- Lo , S. -C. R. , Chu , J. and Lee , I. K. 1989 . A technique for reducing membrane penetration and bedding errors . ASTM-Geotech. Testing J. , 12 ( 4 ) : 311 – 316 .
- Lo , S. -C. R. , Chu , J. and Lee , I. K. 1994 . Investigation of the strain-softening behaviour of granular soils in a new multiaxial cell . ASTM-Geotech. Testing J. , 17 ( 3 ) : 325 – 336 .
- Loke , W. L. Failure mechanisms of gentle granular slopes . MEng thesis, Nanyang Technological University . Singapore .
- Marachi , N. D. , Duncan , J. M. , Chan , C. K. and Seed , H. B. 1981 . “ Plane-strain testing of sand ” . In Laboratory Shear Strength of Soil, ASTM STP 740 , Edited by: Yong , R. N. and Townsend , F. C. 294 – 302 . Philadelphia , PA : ASTM .
- Matsuoka , H. and Nakai , T. 1974 . Stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soil under three different principal stresses . Proc. Jpn Soc. Civil Eng. , 232 : 59 – 70 .
- Mokni , M. and Desrues , J. 1992 . Strain localisation measurements in undrained plane-strain biaxial tests on Hostun RF sand . Mech. Cohes.-Frict. Mater. , 4 ( 4 ) : 419 – 441 .
- Oda , M. , Koshikawa , I. and Higuchi , T. 1978 . Experimental study of anisotropic shear strength of sand by plane strain test . Soils Found. , 18 ( 1 ) : 25 – 38 .
- Peters , J. F. , Lade , P. V. and Bro , A. 1988 . “ Shear band formation in triaxial and plane strain tests ” . In Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock, ASTM STP 977 , Edited by: Donaghue , R. T , Chaney , R. C. and Silver , M. L. 604 – 627 . Philadelphia , PA : ASTM . (1988)
- Rowe , P. W. 1969 . The relation between the shear strength of sands in triaxial compression, plane strain, and direct shear . Geotechnique , 19 ( 1 ) : 75 – 86 .
- Rowe , P. W. and Barden , L. 1964 . Importance of free ends in triaxial testing . J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE , 90 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
- Tatsuoka , F. , Sakamoto , M. , Kawamura , T. and Fukushima , S. 1986 . Strength and deformation characteristics of sand in plane strain compression at extremely low pressures . Soils Found. , 26 ( 1 ) : 65 – 84 .
- Wanatowski , D. Strain softening and instability of sand under plane-strain conditions . PhD thesis, Nanyang Technological University . Singapore.
- Wanatowski , D. and Chu , J. 2006 . Stress-strain behavior of a granular fill measured by a new plane-strain apparatus . ASTM-Geotech. Test. J. , 29 ( 2 ) : 149 – 157 .
- Wang , Q. and Lade , P. 2001 . Shear banding in true triaxial tests and its effect on failure in sand . J. Eng. Mech. ASCE , 127 ( 8 ) : 754 – 761 .
- Yasin , S. J. M. , Umetsu , K. , Tatsuoka , F. , Arthur , J. R. F. and Dunstan , T. 1999 . Plane-strain strength and deformation of sands affected by batch variations and different apparatus types . ASTM Geotech. Testing J. , 22 ( 1 ) : 80 – 100 .