Application of the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) in systematic reviews and meta-analyses: A systematic review of reporting characteristics

References

• Articles included in the analysis are indicated with an asterisk(*)
   Google Scholar
• *Algozzine , B , Browder , D , Karvonen , M , Test , DW and Wood , WM . 2001 . Effects of interventions to promote self-determination for individuals with disabilities . Review of Educational Research , 71 : 219 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Barlow , DH , Nock , MK and Hersen , M . 2009 . Single case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior change , Boston, MA : Pearson Education, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Barrios , BA and Hartmann , DP . 1988 . “ Recent developments in single-subject methodology: Methods for analyzing generalization, maintenance, and multicomponent treatments ” . In Progress in behavior modification , Edited by: Hersen , M , Eisler , RM and Miller , PM . Vol. 22 , 11 – 47 . Newbury Park, London, New Delhi : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• *Bellini , S and Akullian , J . 2007 . A meta-analysis of video-modeling and self video-modeling interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders . Exceptional Children , 73 : 264 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• *Bellini , S , Peters , JK , Benner , L and Hopf , A . 2007 . A meta-analysis of school-based interventions for child with autism spectrum disorders . Remedial and Special Education , 28 : 153 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Beretvas , SN and Chung , H . 2008a . A review of single-subject experimental design meta-analyses: Methodological issues and practice . Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention , 2 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• Beretvas , SN and Chung , H . 2008b . An evaluation of modified change-in-R 2 effect sizes for single-subject experimental designs . Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention , 2 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• Bonner , M and Barnett , DW . 2004 . Intervention-based school psychology services: Training for child-level accountability; preparing for program-level accountability . Journal of School Psychology , 42 : 23 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Browder , DM , Spooner , F , Ahlgrim-Delzell , L , Harris , A and Wakeman , S . 2008 . A meta-analysis of teaching mathematics to students with significant cognitive disabilities . Exceptional Children , 74 : 407 – 432 .
   Google Scholar
• *Browder , DM , Wakeman , SY , Spooner , F , Ahlgrim-Delzell , L and Algozzine , B . 2006 . Research on reading instruction for individuals with significant cognitive disabilities . Exceptional Children , 72 : 392 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• *Browder , DM and Xin , YP . 2007 . A meta-analysis and review of sight word research and its implications for teaching functional reading to individuals with moderate and severe disabilities . Journal of Special Education , 32 : 130 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• *Burns , MK and Wagner , D . 2008 . Determining an effective intervention within a brief experimental analysis for reading: A meta-analytic review . School Psychology Review , 37 : 126 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• *Campbell , JM . 2003 . Efficacy of behavioral interventions for reducing problem behavior in persons with autism: A quantitative synthesis of single-subject research . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 24 : 120 – 138 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell , JM . 2004 . Statistical comparison of four effect sizes for single-subject designs . Behavior Modification , 28 : 234 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Center , BA , Skiba , RJ and Casey , A . 1985–1986 . A methodology for the quantitative synthesis of intra-subject design research . Journal of Special Education , 19 : 387 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Chen , C-W and Ma , H-H . 2007 . Effects of treatment on disruptive behaviors: A quantitative synthesis of single-subject researches using the PEM approach . The Behavior Analyst Today , 8 : 380 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• *Cirrin , FM and Gillam , RB . 2008 . Language intervention practices for school-age children with spoken language disorders: A systematic review . Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools , 39 : 110 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• *Didden , R , Duker , PC and Korzilius , H . 1997 . Meta-analytic study on treatment effectiveness for problem behaviors with individuals who have mental retardation . American Journal on Mental Retardation , 101 : 387 – 399 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Didden , R , Korzilius , H , van Oorsouw , W and Sturmey , P . 2006 . Behavioral treatment of challenging behaviors in individuals with mild mental retardation: Meta-Analysis of single-subject research . American Journal on Mental Retardation , 111 : 290 – 298 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Erion , J . 2006 . Parent tutoring: A meta-analysis . Education and Treatment of Children , 29 : 79 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Faith , MS , Allison , DB and Gorman , BS . 1996 . “ Meta-analysis of single-case research ” . In Design and analysis of single-case research , Edited by: Franklin , RD , Allison , DB and Gorman , BS . 245 – 277 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• *Gao , Y-J and Ma , H-H . 2006 . Effectiveness of interventions influencing academic behaviors: A quantitative synthesis of single-subject researches using the PEM Approach . The Behavior Analysts Today , 4 : 572 – 595 .
   Google Scholar
• Gast , DL and Wolery , M . 1988 . Parallel treatments design: A nested single subject design for comparing instructional procedures . Education and Treatment of Children , 11 : 270 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Glass , GV . 1976 . Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research . Educational Researcher , 5 : 3 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• *Graham , S . 2006 . “ Strategy instruction and the teaching of writing: A meta-analysis ” . In Handbook of writing research , Edited by: MacArthur , CA , Graham , S and Fitzgerald , J . 187 – 207 . New York : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• *Graham , S and Harris , KR . 2003 . “ Students with learning disabilities and the process of writing: A meta-analysis of SRSD studies ” . In Handbook of learning disabilities , Edited by: Swanson , L , Harris , K and Graham , S . 323 – 344 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• *Gresham , FM , McIntyre , LL , Olson-Tinker , H , Dolstra , L , McLaughlin , V and Van , M . 2004 . Relevance of functional behavioral assessment research for school-based interventions and positive behavioral support . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 25 : 19 – 37 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Herzinger , CV and Campbell , JM . 2007 . Comparing functional assessment methodologies: A quantitative synthesis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 37 : 1430 – 1445 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horner , RH and Baer , DM . 1978 . Multiple probe technique: A variation of the multiple baseline . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 11 : 189 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner , RH , Carr , EG , Halle , J , McGee , G , Odom , SL and Wolery , M . 2005 . The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education . Exceptional Children , 71 : 165 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Hughes , CA , Therrien , WJ and Lee , DL . 2004 . Efficacy of behavioral self-management techniques with adolescents with learning disabilities and behavior disorders . Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities , 17 : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• *Joseph , LM and Konrad , M . Teaching students with intellectual or developmental disabilities to write: A review of the literature . Research in Developmental Disabilities , doi:10. 1016/j.ridd.2008.01.001, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Kazdin , AE . 1982 . Single-case research designs: Methods for clinical and applied settings , Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kazdin , AE and Hartmann , DP . 1978 . The simultaneous-treatment design . Behavior Therapy , 9 : 912 – 922 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , CH . 2005 . Single-case designs for educational research , Boston, MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• *Lee , DL . 2005 . Increasing compliance: A quantitative synthesis of applied research on high-probability request sequences . Exceptionality , 13 : 141 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• *Lee , S-H , Simpson , RL and Shogren , KA . 2007 . Effects and implications of self-management for students with autism: A meta-analysis . Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities , 22 : 2 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Lovelace , S and Stewart , SR . 2007 . Increasing print awareness in preschoolers with language impairment using non-evocative print referencing . Language, Speech and Hearing Services in the Schools , 38 : 16 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Mastropieri , MA and Scruggs , TE . 1985–1986 . Early intervention for socially withdrawn children . Journal of Special Education , 19 : 429 – 441 .
   Google Scholar
• *Mastropieri , MA , Scruggs , TE , Bakken , JP and Whedon , C . 1996 . Reading comprehension: A synthesis of research in learning disabilities . Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities , 10 : 277 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• *Mathur , SR , Kavale , KA , Quinn , MM , Forness , SR and Rutherford , RB . 1998 . Social skills interventions with students with emotional and behavioral problems: A quantitative synthesis of single-subject research . Behavioral Disorders , 23 : 193 – 201 .
   Google Scholar
• *Millar , D , Light , JC and Schlosser , RW . 2006 . The impact of augmentative and alternative communication intervention on the speech production of individuals with developmental disabilities: A research review . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 49 : 248 – 264 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moher , D , Tetzlaff , J , Tricco , AC , Sampson , M and Altman , DG . 2007 . Epidemiology and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews . PLOS Medicine , 4 ( 3 ) : e78 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olive , ML and Smith , BW . 2005 . Effect size calculations and single subject designs . Educational Psychology , 25 : 313 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Petticrew , M and Roberts , H . 2006 . Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide , Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• *Reynhout , G and Carter , M . 2006 . Social stories for children with disabilities . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 36 : 445 – 469 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers , L and Graham , S . A meta-analysis of single subject design writing intervention research . Journal of Educational Psychology , (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Rusch , RR and Kazdin , AE . 1981 . Toward a methodology of withdrawal designs for the assessment of response maintenance . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 14 : 131 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlosser , RW . 1999 . Comparative efficacy of interventions in augmentative and alternative communication . Augmentative and Alternative Communication , 15 : 56 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser , RW , Belfiore , PJ , Nigam , R , Blischak , D and Hetzroni , O . 1995 . The effects of speech output technology in the learning of graphic symbols . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 28 : 537 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlosser , RW and Braun , U . 1994 . Efficacy of AAC interventions: Methodologic issues in evaluating behavior change, generalization, and effects . Augmentative and Alternative Communication , 10 : 207 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• *Schlosser , RW and Goetze , H . 1991 . Selbstverletzendes Verhalten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Geistiger Behinderung: Eine Meta-Analyse zur Effektivität von Interventionen . Sonderpädagogik , 21 : 138 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser , RW and Goetze , H . 1992 . Effectiveness and treatment validity of interventions addressing self-injurious behavior: From narrative reviews to meta-analysis . Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities , 7 : 135 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• *Schlosser , RW and Lee , D . 2000 . Promoting generalization and maintenance in augmentative and alternative communication: A meta-analysis of 20 years of effectiveness research . Augmentative and Alternative Communication , 16 : 208 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser , RW , Lee , D and Wendt , O . 2008 . Systematic review on PND reporting coding form , Boston, MA : Unpublished manuscript, Northeastern University .
   Google Scholar
• *Schlosser , RW and Wendt , O . 2008a . Effects of augmentative and alternative communication intervention on speech production in children with autism: A systematic review . American Journal of Speech–Language Pathology , 17 : 212 – 230 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Schlosser , RW and Wendt , O . 2008b . “ Augmentative and alternative communication interventions for children with autism ” . In Effective Practices for Children with Autism: Educational and Behavior Support Interventions that Work , Edited by: Luiselli , JK , Russo , Dennis C and Christian , Walter P . 325 – 389 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schlosser , RW , Wendt , O and Sigafoos , J . 2007 . Not all systematic reviews are created equal: Considerations for appraisal . Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention , 1 : 138 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• *Schwartz , JB and Nye , C . 2006 . A systematic review, synthesis, and evaluation of the evidence for teaching sign language to children with autism . EBP Briefs , 1 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• *Scotti , JR , Evans , IM , Meyer , LH and Walker , P . 1991 . A meta-analysis of intervention research with problem behavior: Treatment validity and standards of practice . American Journal on Mental Retardation , 96 : 233 – 256 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Scruggs , TE and Mastropieri , MA . 1994 . The effectiveness of generalization training: A quantitative synthesis of single subject research . Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities , 8 : 259 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Scruggs , TE and Mastropieri , MA . 2001 . How to summarize single-participant research: Ideas and applications . Exceptionality , 9 : 227 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Scruggs , TE , Mastropieri , MA and Casto , G . 1987 . The quantitative synthesis of single-subject research: Methodology and validation . Remedial and Special Education , 8 : 24 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Scruggs , TE , Mastropieri , MA , Cook , SB and Escobar , C . 1986 . Early intervention for children with conduct disorders: A quantitative synthesis of single-subject research . Behavioral Disorders , 11 : 260 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• *Scruggs , TE , Mastropieri , MA , Forness , SR and Kavale , KA . 1988 . Early language intervention: A quantitative synthesis of single-subject research . Journal of Special Education , 22 : 259 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• *Scruggs , TE , Mastropieri , MA and McEwen , I . 1988 . Early intervention for developmental functioning: A quantitative synthesis of single-subject research . Journal of the Division for Early Childhood , 12 : 359 – 367 .
   Google Scholar
• *Severtson , JM , Carr , JE and Lepper , TL . 2008 . Noncontingent reinforcement is an empirically supported treatment for problem behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities . Research in Developmental Disabilities , doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.03.002
   Google Scholar
• *Shogren , KA , Faggella-Luby , MN , Bae , SJ and Wehmeyer , ML . 2004 . The effect of choice-making as an intervention for problem behavior: A meta-analysis . Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions , 6 : 228 – 237 .
   Google Scholar
• *Soto , G , Toro-Zambrana , W and Belfiore , PJ . 1994 . Comparison of two instructional strategies on social skills acquisition and generalization among individuals with moderate and severe mental retardation working in a vocational setting: A meta-analytical review . Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities , 29 : 307 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• *Wehmeyer , M . 1995 . Intra-individual factors influencing efficacy of interventions for stereotyped behaviours: A meta-analysis . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 39 : 205 – 214 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Wehmeyer , ML , Palmer , SB , Smith , SJ , Parent , W , Davies , DK and Stock , S . 2006 . Technology use by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to support employment activities: A single-subject design meta analysis . Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation , 24 : 81 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Wendt , O . 2008 . A statistical comparison of five non-regression effect size metrics for single-subject experimental designs: Preliminary results and future research directions . Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention , 2 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• *Xin , YP , Grasso , E , Dipipi-Hoy , CM and Jitendra , A . 2005 . The effects of purchasing skill instruction for individuals with developmental disabilities: A meta-analysis . Exceptional Children , 71 : 379 – 400 .
   Google Scholar
• *Xin , YP and Jitendra , AK . 1999 . The effects of instruction in solving mathematical word problems for students with learning problems: A meta-analysis . Journal of Special Education , 32 : 207 – 225 .
   Google Scholar