References
- Adams, Simon. 2015. “The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ at 10.” E-International Relations, March 29. https://www.e-ir.info/2015/03/29/r2p-at-10/.
- Adams, Simon. 2016. “Libya.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect, edited by Alex Bellamy and Tim Dunne, 769–785. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Adams, Simon. 2019. “The Responsibility to Protect and the Fate of the Rohingya.” Global Responsibility to Protect 11 (4): 435–450. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-01104005.
- Barber, Rebecca. 2009. “The Responsibility to Protect the Survivors of Natural Disaster: Cyclone Nargis, a Case Study.” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 14 (1): 3–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krn026.
- Bellamy, Alex. 2011. “Libya and the Responsibility to Protect: The Exception and the Norm.” Ethics & International Affairs 25 (3): 263–269. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679411000219.
- Bellamy, Alex. 2015. The Responsibility to Protect: A Defense. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bellamy, Alex. 2018. “The Last Battle.” In Last Lectures on the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide, edited by Samuel Totten, 108–113. London: Routledge.
- Bellamy, Alex, and Tim Dunne. 2016. “Preface.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect, edited by Alex Bellamy and Tim Dunne, vii–ix. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bellamy, Alex, and Paul Williams. 2011. “The New Politics of Protection? Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and the Responsibility to Protect.” International Affairs 87 (4): 825–850. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2011.01006.x.
- Blake, Michael. 2014. “The Costs of War: Justice, Liability, and the Pottery Barn Rule.” In The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, edited by Don Scheid, 133–147. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Brown, Chris. 2013. “The Antipolitical Theory of Responsibility to Protect.” Global Responsibility to Protect 5 (4): 423–442. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00504004.
- Bush, George W. 2001. “Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People.” https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html.
- Carr, E. H. 2001. The Twenty Years’ Crisis 1919–1939. New ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Chandler, David. 2009. “Unravelling the Paradox of ‘The Responsibility to Protect’.” Irish Studies in International Affairs 20: 27–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.3318/ISIA.2009.20.27.
- Chandler, David. 2015. “The R2P Is Dead, Long Live the R2P: The Successful Separation of Military Intervention from the Responsibility to Protect.” International Peacekeeping 22 (1): 1–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2014.992572.
- Charlesworth, Hilary. 2010. “Feminist Reflections on the Responsibility to Protect.” Global Responsibility to Protect 2 (3): 232–249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/187598410X500372.
- Chimni, B. S. 2012. “For Epistemological and Prudent Internationalism.” Harvard Law School Human Rights Journal, November 28. http://harvardhrj.com/2012/11/for-epistemological-and-prudent-internationalism/.
- Coen, Alise. 2015. “R2P, Global Governance, and the Syrian Refugee Crisis.” The International Journal of Human Rights 19 (8): 1044–1058. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2015.1082846.
- Conley-Zilkic, Bridget, and Alex de Waal. 2014. “Setting the Agenda for Evidence-Based Research on Ending Mass Atrocities.” Journal of Genocide Research 16 (1): 55–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2014.878113.
- Crossley, Noele. 2018. “Is R2P Still Controversial? Continuity and Change in the Debate on ‘Humanitarian Intervention.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 31 (5): 415–436. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2018.1516196.
- Cunliffe, Philip. 2017. “The Doctrine of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ as a Practice of Political Exceptionalism.” European Journal of International Relations 23 (2): 466–486. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066116654956.
- Davies, Sara. 2016. “Addressing the Gender Gap in R2P.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect, edited by Alex Bellamy and Tim Dunne, 489–508. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- De Waal, Alex, Jens Meierhenrich, and Bridget Conley-Zilkic. 2012. “How Mass Atrocities End: An Evidence-Based Counter-Narrative.” Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 36 (1): 15–31.
- Donovan, Outi. 2021. “Trading Freedoms for Protection: Gender and Localised Protection in Libya.” Global Responsibility to Protect 13 (4): 458–480. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-984X-13020016.
- Doyle, Michael. 2014. “Law, Ethics, and the Responsibility to Protect.” In The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, edited by Don Scheid, 187–208. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Dunne, Tim, and Katharine Gelber. 2014. “Arguing Matters: The Responsibility to Protect and the Case of Libya.” Global Responsibility to Protect 6 (3): 326–349. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00603004.
- Dunne, Tim, and Jess Gifkins. 2011. “Libya and the State of Intervention.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 65 (5): 515–529. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2011.613148.
- d’Escoto, Miguel. 2009. “Opening Statement at the Thematic Dialogue of the General Assembly on the Responsibility to Protect.” July 23. http://www.un.org/ga/president/63/statements/openingr2p230709.shtml.
- Evans, Gareth. 2008. The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and For All. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
- Evans, Gareth. 2016. “R2P: The Next Ten Years.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect, edited by Alex Bellamy and Tim Dunne, 913–931. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Evans, Gareth. 2018. “The Responsibility to Protect: Where to Now?” Keynote Address to Asia Pacific Centre for R2P High Level Meeting on Strengthening Cooperation for Atrocity Prevention in the Asia Pacific, Bangkok. https://www.gevans.org/speeches/Speech666.html.
- Evans, Gareth, and Ramesh Thakur. 2013. “Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect.” International Security 37 (4): 199–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_c_00119.
- Fassin, Didier. 2011a. “Noli Me Tangere: The Moral Untouchability of Humanitarianism.” In Forces of Compassion: Humanitarianism Between Ethics and Politics, edited by Erica Bornstein and Peter Redfield, 35–52. Santa Fe: SAR Press.
- Fassin, Didier. 2011b. Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present. 1st ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Ferris, Elizabeth. 2016. “International Responsibility, Protection and Displacement: Exploring the Connections Between R2p, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons.” Global Responsibility to Protect 8 (4): 390–409. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00804005.
- Foucault, Michel. 2001. Fearless Speech. Los Angeles: Semiotext.
- Gifkins, Jess. 2012. “The UN Security Council Divided: Syria in Crisis.” Global Responsibility to Protect 4 (3): 377–393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00403009.
- Gifkins, Jess. 2016. “R2P in the UN Security Council: Darfur, Libya and Beyond.” Cooperation and Conflict 51 (2): 148–165. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836715613365.
- Glanville, Luke. 2013a. “Gaddafi and Grotius: Some Historical Roots of the Libyan Intervention.” Global Responsibility to Protect 5 (3): 342–361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00503006.
- Glanville, Luke. 2013b. “In Defense of the Responsibility to Protect.” Journal of Religious Ethics 41 (1): 169–182. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jore.12008.
- Glanville, Luke. 2014. “Armed Humanitarian Intervention and the Problem of Abuse After Libya.” In The Ethics of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, edited by Don Scheid, 148–165. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Glanville, Luke. 2016. “Does R2P Matter? Interpreting the Impact of a Norm.” Cooperation and Conflict 51 (2): 184–199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836715612850.
- Graubart, Jonathan. 2013. “R2P and Pragmatic Liberal Interventionism: Values in the Service of Interests.” Human Rights Quarterly 35 (1): 69–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2013.0012.
- Haacke, Jürgen. 2009. “Myanmar, the Responsibility to Protect, and the Need for Practical Assistance.” Global Responsibility to Protect 1 (2): 156–184. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/187598409X424289.
- Harrison, Graham. 2016. “Onwards and Sidewards? The Curious Case of the Responsibility to Protect and Mass Violence in Africa.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 10 (2): 143–161. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2016.1144641.
- Hehir, Aidan. 2013. “The Permanence of Inconsistency: Libya, the Security Council, and the Responsibility to Protect.” International Security 38 (1): 137–159. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00125.
- Hehir, Aidan. 2019. Hollow Norms and the Responsibility to Protect. Cham: Springer.
- Hilpold, Peter. 2012. “Intervening in the Name of Humanity: R2P and the Power of Ideas.” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 17 (1): 49–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krr024.
- Hobson, Christopher. 2016. “Responding to Failure: The Responsibility to Protect After Libya.” Millennium 44 (3): 433–454. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829816640607.
- Human Rights Watch. 2020. “World Report 2020.” Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/world_report_download/hrw_world_report_2020_0.pdf.
- Hutchings, Kimberly. 2011. “Gendered Humanitarianism: Reconsidering the Ethics of War.” In Experiencing War, edited by Christine Sylvester, 28–41. London: Routledge.
- ICISS. 2001. The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
- Ish-Shalom, Piki. 2019. Beyond the Veil of Knowledge: Triangulating Security, Democracy, and Academic Scholarship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
- Jackson, Richard. 2005. “Security, Democracy, and the Rhetoric of Counter-Terrorism.” Democracy and Security 1 (2): 147–171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17419160500322517.
- Khan, Mohammad Tanzimuddin, and Saima Ahmed. 2019. “Dealing with the Rohingya Crisis: The Relevance of the General Assembly and R2P.” Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 5 (2): 121–143. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891119868312.
- Kuperman, Alan J. 2013. “A Model Humanitarian Intervention?: Reassessing NATO’s Libya Campaign.” International Security 38 (1): 105–136. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00126.
- Kuperman, Alan. 2018. “Why the R2P Backfires (and How to Fix It).” In Last Lectures on the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide, edited by Samuel Totten, 121–126. London: Routledge.
- Labonte, Melissa T. 2016. “R2P’s Status as a Norm.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect, edited by Alex Bellamy and Tim Dunne, 133–150. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Luck, Edward C. 2016. “Getting There, Being There: The Dual Role of the Special Adviser.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect, edited by Alex Bellamy and Tim Dunne, 288–314. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mennecke, Martin, and Ellen E. Stensrud. 2021. “The Failure of the International Community to Apply R2P and Atrocity Prevention in Myanmar.” Global Responsibility to Protect 13 (2–3): 111–130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-984X-13020013.
- Morris, Justin. 2013. “Libya and Syria: R2P and the Spectre of the Swinging Pendulum.” International Affairs 89 (5): 1265–1283. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12071.
- Moses, Jeremy. 2014. Sovereignty and Responsibility: Power, Norms and Intervention in International Relations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Müller, Harald, and Jonas Wolff. 2014. “The Dual Use of an Historical Event: ‘Rwanda 1994’, the Justification and Critique of Liberal Interventionism.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 8 (4): 280–290. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2014.956994.
- Paris, Roland. 2014. “The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ and the Structural Problems of Preventive Humanitarian Intervention.” International Peacekeeping 21 (5): 569–603. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2014.963322.
- Pattison, James. 2010. Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect: Who Should Intervene? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Powers, Maggie. 2015. “Responsibility to Protect: Dead, Dying, or Thriving?” The International Journal of Human Rights 19 (8): 1257–1278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2015.1082839.
- Rieff, David. 2011. “R2P, R.I.P.” The New York Times, November 7. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/08/opinion/r2p-rip.html.
- Robinson, Fiona. 2011. The Ethics of Care: A Feminist Approach to Human Security. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
- Russo, Jenna B. 2020. “R2P in Syria and Myanmar: Norm Violation and Advancement.” Global Responsibility to Protect 12 (2): 211–233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-01202006.
- Serrano, Monica. 2011. “The Responsibility to Protect: Libya and Cote d’Ivoire.” Amsterdam Law Forum 3 (e): 92–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.37974/ALF.195.
- Sjoberg, Laura. 2016. “Centering Security Studies Around Felt, Gendered Insecurities.” Journal of Global Security Studies 1 (1): 51–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogv001.
- Smith, Steve. 2004. “Singing Our World into Existence: International Relations Theory and September 11.” International Studies Quarterly 48 (3): 499–515. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.t01-1-00312.x.
- Sylvester, Christine. 2013. War as Experience: Contributions from International Relations and Feminist Analysis. London: Routledge.
- Thakur, Ramesh. 2016. “The Responsibility to Protect at 15.” International Affairs 92 (2): 415–434. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12557.
- Thakur, Ramesh, and William Maley. 2015. “Introduction: Theorising Global Responsibilities.” In Theorising the Responsibility to Protect, edited by Ramesh Thakur and William Maley, 3–15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Tocci, Nathalie. 2016. “On Power and Norms: Libya, Syria and the Responsibility to Protect.” Global Responsibility to Protect 8 (1): 51–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00801004.
- UN Human Rights Council. 2021. “Report of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya.” A/HRC/48/83.
- United Nations. 2009. Implementing the Responsibility to Protect: Report of the Secretary-General. New York: United Nations.
- Uppsala Conflict Data Program. n.d. “Libya.” Accessed January 15, 2020. https://ucdp.uu.se/country/620.
- Wehrey, Frederic. 2020. The Internationalization of Libya’s Post-2011 Conflicts from Proxies to Boots on the Ground. Washington, DC: New Ameria. https://d1y8sb8igg2f8e.cloudfront.net/documents/This_War_is_Out_of_Our_Hands_FINAL.pdf.
- Weiss, Thomas. 2007. “R2P After 9/11 and the World Summit.” Wisconsin International Law Journal 24 (3): 741–760.
- Weiss, Thomas. 2012. “On R2P, America Takes the Lead.” Current History 111 (748): 322–324.
- Weiss, Thomas. 2016. Humanitarian Intervention. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Polity.
- Weiss, Thomas. 2018. “Whither Anti-Genocide Efforts? Some Personal Reflections.” In Last Lectures on the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide, edited by Samuel Totten, 103–107. London: Routledge.
- Welsh, Jennifer M. 2010. “Implementing the ‘Responsibility to Protect’: Where Expectations Meet Reality.” Ethics & International Affairs 24 (4): 415–430. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2010.00279.x.
- Welsh, Jennifer M. 2016. “The Responsibility to Protect at Ten: Glass Half Empty or Half Full?” The International Spectator 51 (2): 1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2016.1163943.
- Williams, Paul, Trevor Ulbrick, and Jonathan Worboys. 2012. “Preventing Mass Atrocity Crimes: The Responsibility to Protect and the Syria Crisis.” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 45 (1–2): 473–504.
- Zalewski, Marysia. 1996. “‘All These Theories yet the Bodies Keep Piling up’: Theory, Theorists, Theorising.” In International Theory: Positivism and Beyond, edited by Steve Smith, Ken Booth, and Marysia Zalewski, 340–353. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.