References
- Bellamy, Alex J. 2018. “Ending Atrocity Crimes: The False Promise of Fatalism.” Ethics & International Affairs 32 (3): 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1017/S089267941800045X.
- Bellamy, Alex J. 2022. Syria Betrayed: Atrocities, War, and the Failure of International Diplomacy. New York: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/bell19296.
- Brenner, Thorsten, et al. 2015. “Effective and Responsible Protection from Atrocity Crimes: Toward Global Action.” Global Public Policy Institute. https://gppi.net/2015/04/07/effective-and-responsible-protection-from-atrocity-crimes-toward-global-action.
- Conley-Zilkic, Bridget, and Alex de Waal. 2014. “Setting the Agenda for Evidence-Based Research on Ending Mass Atrocities.” Journal of Genocide Research 16 (1): 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2014.878113.
- D’Alessandra, Federica, and Gwendolyn Whidden. 2023. “Whither Atrocity Prevention at the UN? Look Beyond R2P and the Security Council.” Stimson Center. https://www.stimson.org/2023/whither-atrocity-prevention-at-the-un-look-beyond-r2p-and-the-security-council/.
- Donovan, Outi. 2021. “Norm Contestation and Pragmatic Ethics: Evaluating the Rebuilding Norm in Libya.” Journal of Global Security Studies 6 (4): ogab016. https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogab016.
- Donovan, Outi. 2023. “Promise or Peril? Exploring the Gender Dimension of Pragmatic Peacebuilding.” International Affairs 99 (1): 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac267.
- Dunton, Caroline, Marion Laurence, and Gino Vlavonou. 2023. “Pragmatic Peacekeeping in a Multipolar Era: Liberal Norms, Practices, and the Future of UN Peace Operations.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 17 (3): 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2023.2217579.
- Evans, Gareth. 2015. “R2P: Looking Back, Looking Forward,” February 26, 2015. https://www.gevans.org/speeches/speech568.html.
- Gallagher, Adrian. 2015. “The Responsibility to Protect Ten Years on from the World Summit: A Call to Manage Expectations.” Global Responsibility to Protect 7 (3–4): 254–274. https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00704003.
- Gallagher, Adrian. 2021. “To Name and Shame or Not, and If So, How? A Pragmatic Analysis of Naming and Shaming the Chinese Government over Mass Atrocity Crimes against the Uyghurs and Other Muslim Minorities in Xinjiang.” Journal of Global Security Studies 6 (4): ogab013. https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogab013.
- Glanville, Luke, and James Pattison. 2021. “Where to Protect? Prioritization and the Responsibility to Protect.” Ethics & International Affairs 35 (2): 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679421000198.
- Hehir, Aidan. 2024. “The Responsibility to Protect Debate: An Enduring Black Hole.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 18 (2): 205–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2024.2307258.
- Hobson, Christopher. 2016. “Responding to Failure: The Responsibility to Protect after Libya.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 44 (3): 433–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829816640607.
- Hobson, Christopher. 2022. “The Moral Untouchability of the Responsibility to Protect.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 16 (3): 368–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2021.2015146.
- Hopgood, Stephen. 2015. The Endtimes of Human Rights. Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press.
- Hurrell, Andrew. 2007. On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society. Oxford /New York: Oxford University Press.
- Illingworth, Richard. 2024. “Not the ‘Fairest Norm of Them All’ but Still Needed: On Hobson and Criticism of the Responsibility to Protect.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 18 (2): 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2024.2304457.
- Koskenniemi, Martti. 2006. From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511493713.
- Mennecke, Martin, and Ellen E. Stensrud. 2021. “The Failure of the International Community to Apply R2P and Atrocity Prevention in Myanmar.” Global Responsibility to Protect 13 (2–3): 111–130. https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-984X-13020013.
- Morris, Justin. 2013. “Libya and Syria: R2P and the Spectre of the Swinging Pendulum.” International Affairs 89 (5): 1265–1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12071.
- Moses, Jeremy. 2024. “Gaza and the Political and Moral Failure of the Responsibility to Protect.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 18 (2): 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2024.2304987.
- Murthy, C. S. R., and Gerrit Kurtz. 2016. “International Responsibility as Solidarity: The Impact of the World Summit Negotiations on the R2P Trajectory.” Global Society 30 (1): 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451.
- Pattison, James. 2018. The Alternatives to War: From Sanctions to Nonviolence. 1st ed. Oxford/New York, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Pattison, James. 2021. “The International Responsibility to Protect in a Post-Liberal Order.” International Studies Quarterly 65 (4): 891–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab081.
- Ralph, Jason. 2018. “What Should Be Done? Pragmatic Constructivist Ethics and the Responsibility to Protect.” International Organization 72 (1): 173–203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818317000455.
- Ralph, Jason. 2023. On Global Learning: Pragmatic Constructivism, International Practice and the Challenge of Global Governance. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009385770.
- Ralph, Jason, and Jess Gifkins. 2017. “The Purpose of United Nations Security Council Practice: Contesting Competence Claims in the Normative Context Created by the Responsibility to Protect.” European Journal of International Relations 23 (3): 630–653. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066116669652.
- Rieff, David. 2018. “The End of Human Rights?” Foreign Policy, April 2018.
- Staunton, Eglantine, and Jason Ralph. 2020. “The Responsibility to Protect Norm Cluster and the Challenge of Atrocity Prevention: An Analysis of the European Union’s Strategy in Myanmar.” European Journal of International Relations 26 (3): 660–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066119883001.
- “Tools for Atrocity Prevention.”. n.d. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. https://preventiontools.ushmm.org/.
- de Waal, Alex, Jens Meierhenrigh, and Bridget Conley-Zilkic. 2012. “How Mass Atrocities End: An Evidence-Based Counter-Narrative.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 36 (1): 15–31.
- Welsh, Jennifer M. 2013. “Norm Contestation and the Responsibility to Protect.” Global Responsibility to Protect 5 (4): 365–396. https://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00504002.
- Welsh, Jennifer M. 2016. “The Responsibility to Protect after Libya & Syria.” Daedalus 145 (4): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00413.
- Woocher, Lawrence. 2023. “Invest in Early Prevention and Continuous Learning to Help Curb Atrocities in a Challenging Era,” November 29, 2023. https://www.justsecurity.org/90263/invest-in-early-prevention-and-continuous-learning-to-help-curb-atrocities-in-a-challenging-era/.