534
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

8—Fractured Action—Choking in Sport and its Lessons for Excellence

References

  • Ackerman, J.M. and J.A. Bargh. 2010. Two to tango: Automatic social control and the role of felt effort. In Effortless attention: A new perspective in the cognitive science of attention and action, edited by B. Bruya. Cambridge, MA: MIT University Press: 335–72.
  • Aggerholm, K. 2013. Elite-Bildung: An existential-phenomenological study of talents developing in football. Ph.D. diss., Department of Sport Science, Aarhus University.
  • Baumeister, R.F. 1984. Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46: 610–620.
  • Baumeister, R.F. and C.J. Showers. 1986. A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests. European Journal of Social Psychology 16 (4): 361–383.
  • Beilock, S.L. and T.H. Carr. 2001. On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (4): 701–725.
  • Beilock, S.L. and R. Gray. 2007. Why do athletes choke under pressure? In Handbook of sport psychology, edited by G. Tenenbaum and R.C. Eklund. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons: 425–444.
  • Beilock, S.L. and R. Gray. 2012. From attentional control to attentional spillover: A skill-level investigation of attention, movement, and performance outcomes. Human Movement Science 31: 1473–1499.
  • Billeter, J.F. 2010. Leçons sur Tchouang-tseu [Lessons on Zhuangzi]. Paris: Éditions Allia.
  • Breivik, G. 2007. Skillful coping in everyday life and in sport: A critical examination of the views of Heidegger and Dreyfus. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 34 (2): 116–134.
  • Breivik, G. 2013. Zombie-like or superconscious? A phenomenological and conceptual analysis of consciousness in elite sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 40 (1): 85–105.
  • Bruya, B. 2010. Effortless attention: A new perspective in the cognitive science of attention and action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Cappuccio, M. Forthcoming. Unreflective action and the choking effect. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. Special issue.
  • Carr, T. 2014. practicing, playing, and playing well under pressure: What do cognitive and sport psychology have to say to coaches and athletes? 1st International Conference on Sport Psychology and Embodied Cognition. United Arab Emirates University- Al Ain, 24–27 February.
  • Chozan, N. 2006. The Demon Sermon of the martial arts. Translated by W.S. Wilson. Tokyo: Kodansa International.
  • Christensen W, J. Sutton, and D.J.F. McIlwain. Forthcoming. Putting pressure on theories of choking: Towards an expanded perspective on breakdown in skilled performance. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences.
  • Collins, A. 1988. Cognitive apprenticeship and instructional technology. Technical Report No. 6899. Cambridge, MA: BBN Labs Inc.
  • Dietrich, A. and O. Stoll. 2010. Effortless attention, hypofrontality, and perfectionism. In Effortless attention: A new perspective in the cognitive science of attention and action, edited by B. Bruya. Cambridge, MA: MIT University Press: 159–178.
  • Dreyfus, H.L. 2002. Intelligence without representation: Merleau-Ponty’s critique of mental representation. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. 1: 367–383.
  • Dreyfus, H. and S. Dreyfus. 1986. Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. New York, NY: The Free Press.
  • Ericsson, K.A. 2003. Development of elite performance and deliberate practice: An update from the perspective of the expert performance approach. In Expert performance in sports: Advances in research in sport expertise, edited by J. Starke and A.K. Ericcson. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics: 49–83.
  • Ericsson, K.A., R.T. Krampe, and C. Tesch-Römer. 1993. The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review 100: 363–406.
  • Eriksen, J. 2010. Mindless coping in competitive sport: Some implications and consequences. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 4: 66–86.
  • Eysenck, M.W. and M.G. Calvo. 1992. Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition & Emotion 6 (6): 409–434.
  • Finke, A.F. 1979. The functional equivalence of mental images and errors of movement. Cognitive Psychology 11: 235–264.
  • Forde, P. 2014. Camp Bowman: Michael Phelps and world’s elite swimmers sign up for unique blend of grueling training and pain with eyes on Rio. Yahoo Sports. Available at https://www.yahoo.com/?err=404&err_url=http%3a%2f%2fsports.yahoo.com%2fnews%2fcamp-bowman–michael-phelps-and-worl%25E2%2580%25A6nd-of-grueling-training-and-pain-with-eyes-on-rio–191017440.html ( accessed 21 June 2014).
  • Fraser, C. 2014. Heart-fasting, forgetting, and using the heart like a mirror. In Nothingness in Asian philosophy, edited by J. Liu, D. Berger. London: Routledge: 197–212.
  • Gallagher, S. 2005. Dynamic models of body schematic processes. In Body Image and Body Schema, edited by H. De Preester and V. Knockaert. Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 233–50.
  • Gallagher, S. 2012. Phenomenology. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gallagher, S. and A.N. Meltzoff. 1996. The earliest sense of self and others: Merleau-Ponty and recent developmental studies. Philosophical Psychology 9: 211–233.
  • Gallagher, S. and D. Zahavi. 2008. The Phenomenological Mind. London: Routledge.
  • Gibson, J.J. 1988. Exploratory behavior in the development of perceiving, Acting, and the acquiring of knowledge. Annual Review of Psychology 39: 1–41.
  • Harbach, C. 2011. The art of fielding: A novel. New York, NY: Little, Brown.
  • Hill, D. 2013. Choking in sport. Available at http://insight-dev.glos.ac.uk/academicschools/dse/research/pages/chokingSport.aspx ( accessed 23 April 2013).
  • Hopsicker, P.M. 2013. ‘The value of the inexact’: An apology for inaccurate motor performance. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. 40 (1): 65–83.
  • Ilundáin-Agurruza, J. 2006. Athletic bodies and the bodies of athletes: A critique of the sporting build. Proteus: A Journal of Ideas 25 (2): 15–22.
  • Ilundáin-Agurruza, J. 2007. Kant goes skydiving: Understanding the extreme by way of the sublime. In Philosophy, risk and adventure sports, edited by M. McNamee. London: Routledge: 149–67.
  • Ilundáin-Agurruza, J. Forthcoming-a. From failure to fluency: A phenomenological analysis of and eastern solution to sport’s choking effect. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences.
  • Ilundáin-Agurruza, J. Forthcoming-b. The Eye of the hurricane: Philosophical reflections on risky sports, self-knowledge and flourishing. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport.
  • Jackson, R. and S.L. Beilock. 2008. Attention and performance. In Developing elite sports performers: Lessons from theory and practice, edited by D. Farrow, J. Baker, and C. MacMahon. London: Routledge: 104–118.
  • James, W. 1918. Principles of psychology. New York, NY: Dover.
  • Jeannerod, M. 1997. The cognitive neuroscience of action. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Kelso Scott, J.A. 1995. Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Krein, K. 2007. Risk and adventure sports. In Philosophy, risk, and adventure sports, edited by M. McNamee. London: Routledge: 80–93.
  • Krein, K. and J. Ilundáin-Agurruza. 2014. An east–west comparative analysis of Mushin and flow. In Philosophy and the martial arts, edited by G. Priest and D. Young. New York: Routledge: 139–164.
  • Marsh, S. 2012. Modern Maverick. Delta Sky Magazine 63–65 (80): 82.
  • Masters, R.S.W. 1992. Knowledge, nerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology 83 (3): 343–358.
  • Merton, T. 1992. The way of Chuang Tzu. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
  • Mishima, Y. 1982. Sun and steel. Tokyo: Kodansha International.
  • Montgomery, J. and M. Chambers. 2009. Mastering swimming. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Moore, M. 2012. Anger at Chinese hurdler Liu Xiang’s ‘staged’ Olympic race. The Telegraph. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/news/9497212/Anger-at-Chinese-hurdler-Liu-Xiangs-staged-Olympic-race.html ( accessed 21 February 2015).
  • Morrison J. 2012. The top 10 biggest sports fails of all time. Smithsonian Magazine. Available at http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/The-Top-10-Biggest-Sports-Fails-of-All-Time-160728725.html#ixzz2jNyOL476. ( accessed 12 September 2013).
  • Paivio, A. 1986. Mental representations: A Dual Coding Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Reid, H.L. 2010. Special issue: Athletics and philosophy in ancient Greece and Rome: Contests and virtue. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 4 (2): 109–234.
  • Russell, J.S. 2005. The value of dangerous sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 32 (1): 1–19.
  • Russell, J.S. 2014. Resilience. Warren P. Fraleigh Distinguished Scholar Lecture delivered at the International Association for the Philosophy of Sport annual meeting, 6 September, Natal (Brazil).
  • Saint-Exupéry, A. 1971. The Little Prince. San Diego, CA: Harcout Brace.
  • Scheffler, I. 1965. Conditions of knowledge: An introduction to epistemology and education. Chicago, IL: Scott Foresman.
  • Sheets-Johnstone, M. 2009. The corporeal turn: An interdisciplinary reader. Exeter: Imprint Academic.
  • Sheets-Johnstone, M. 2011. The primacy of movement. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Sommer, J. 2013. Winfsuit best moments. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRqnTODwvEA ( accessed 19 February 2015).
  • Steel, M. 1977. What we know when we know a game. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. 4 (1): 96–103.
  • Stevens, J. 2002. Budo secrets: Teachings of the martial arts masters. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
  • Stewart, W. 1990. The gigantic book of baseball quotations. New York, NY: Skyhorse.
  • Suits, B. 2005. The grasshopper: Game, life, and Utopia. Boston, MA: David. Godine Publisher.
  • Takuan, S. 1986. The unfettered mind: Writings of the Zen Master to the sword master. Tokyo: Kodansha.
  • Takuan, S. 2005. The inscrutable subtlety of immovable wisdom. In Soul of the samurai, translated by by T. Cleary. North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle: 100–141.
  • Thelen, E. and L. Smith 1994. A dynamic systems approach to the development of cognition and action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Ueshiba, M. 1992. The art of peace. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
  • Ullén, F., Ö. de Manzano, T. Thorell, and L. Harmat. 2010. The physiology of effortless attention: Correlates of state flow and flow proneness. In Effortless attention: A new perspective in the cognitive science of attention and action, edited by B. Bruya. Cambridge, MA: MIT University Press: 205–17.
  • Vickers, J. and M. Williams. 2007. Performing under pressure: The effects of physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and gaze control in Biathlon. Journal of Motor Behavior. 39 (5): 381–394.
  • Viner, B. 2011. Famous sporting chokes: What becomes of the sporting imploder? Belfast Telegraph. Available at http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/famous-sporting-chokes-what-becomes-of-the-sporting-imploder-28608205.html ( accessed 23 November 2013).
  • Wade, A. 2012. Amazing surfing stories. West Sussex: Wiley Nautical.
  • Watts, A. 1957. The way of Zen. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
  • Wertz, S.K. 1986. Is ‘choking’ and action? Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 13 (1): 95–107.
  • Wertz, S.K. 1991. Talking a good game: Inquiries into the principles of sport. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press.
  • Yamamoto, T. 1979. Hagakure. Tokyo: Kodansha International.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.