References
- Dunne J, Rodriguez WJ, Murphy MD, et al. Extrapolation of adult data and other data in pediatric drug-development programs. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e1242-1249.
- Kearns GL, Abdel-Rahman SM, Alander SW, et al. Developmental pharmacology–drug disposition, action, and therapy in infants and children. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1157–1167.
- Zanger UM, Schwab M. Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. Pharmacol Ther. 2013;138:103–141.
- Caudle KE, Sangkuhl K, Whirl‐Carrillo M, et al. Standardizing CYP2D6 genotype to phenotype translation: consensus recommendations from the clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium and Dutch pharmacogenetics working group. Clin Transl Sci. 2020;13:116–124.
- Magliocco G, Rodieux F, Desmeules J, et al. Toward precision medicine in pediatric population using cytochrome P450 phenotyping approaches and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Pediatr Res. 2020;87:441–449.
- Slanar O, Nobilis M, Kvetina J, et al. Miotic action of tramadol is determined by CYP2D6 genotype. Physiol Res. 2007;56:129–136.
- Connelly MA, Brown JT, Kearns GL, et al. Pupillometry: a non-invasive technique for pain assessment in paediatric patients. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99:1125–1131.
- Hohmann N, Haefeli WE, Mikus G. Use of microdose phenotyping to individualise dosing of patients. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015;54:893–900.
- van Groen BD, Vaes WH, Park BK, et al. Dose‐linearity of the pharmacokinetics of an intravenous [14C]midazolam microdose in children. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85:2332–2340.
- el-Yazigi A, Shabib S, al-Rawithi S, et al. Salivary clearance and urinary metabolic pattern of caffeine in healthy children and in pediatric patients with hepatocellular diseases. J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;39:366–372.
- Chen R, Zheng X, Hu P. CYP2D6 phenotyping using urine, plasma, and saliva metabolic ratios to assess the impact of CYP2D6*10 on interindividual variation in a Chinese population. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:239.
- Link B, Haschke M, Grignaschi N, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral midazolam in plasma and saliva in humans: usefulness of saliva as matrix for CYP3A phenotyping. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;66:473–484.
- Li H, Canet MJ, Clarke JD, et al. Pediatric cytochrome P450 activity alterations in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017;45:1317–1325.
- Bosilkovska M, Samer CF, Déglon J, et al. Geneva cocktail for cytochrome p450 and P-glycoprotein activity assessment using dried blood spots. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;96:349–359.
- Magliocco G, Thomas A, Desmeules J, et al. Phenotyping of human CYP450 enzymes by endobiotics: current knowledge and methodological approaches. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2019;58:1373–1391.
- Tay-Sontheimer J, Shireman LM, Beyer RP, et al. Detection of an endogenous urinary biomarker associated with CYP2D6 activity using global metabolomics. Pharmacogenomics. 2014;15:1947–1962.
- Ince I, Solodenko J, Frechen S, et al. Predictive pediatric modeling and simulation using ontogeny information. J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;59:S95–S103.
- Houle D, Govindaraju DR, Omholt S. Phenomics: the next challenge. Nat Rev Genet. 2010;11:855–866.
- Özdemir V. Phenomics 2.0: real-world real-time patient outcomes measured by the internet of pharmaceutical things. OMICS. 2020;24:119–121.