THE CONTINGENCIES OF ORDINARY CITIZEN APPEARANCES IN POLITICAL TELEVISION NEWS

REFERENCES

• Bennett , W. Lance . 1990 . Toward a Theory of Press–State Relations in the United States . Journal of Communication , 40 : 103 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett , W. Lance , Lawrence , Regina G. and Livingston , Steven . 2007 . When the Press Fails—political power and the news media from Iraq to Katrina , Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benson , Rodney and Hallin , Daniel C. 2007 . How States, Markets and Globalization Shape the News: the French and US national press, 1965–97 . European Journal of Communication , 22 : 27 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumler , Jay G. 1997 . Origins of the Crisis of Communication for Citizenship . Political Communication , 14 : 395 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumler , Jay G. and Coleman , Stephen . 2010 . Political Communication in Freefall: the British case—and others?”? . International Journal of Press/Politics , 15 : 139 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumler , Jay G. and Kavanagh , Dennis . 1999 . The Third Age of Political Communication: influences and features . Political Communication , 16 : 209 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brants , Kees and van Praag , Philip . 2006 . Signs of Media Logic: half a century of political communication in the Netherlands . Javnost—The Public , 13 : 25 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bro , Peter , Jønsson , Rasmus , Jørgensen , Søren Schultz and Pedersen , Poul Anders . 2005 . Mediernes Valgkamp—et forsknings- og formidlingsprojekt om folketingsvalget i 2005 , Copenhagen : Modinet—Center for Medier og Demokrati .
   Google Scholar
• Brookes , Rod , Lewis , Justin and Wahl-Jorgensen , Karin . 2004 . The Media Representation of Public Opinion: British television news coverage of the 2001 General Election . Media, Culture and Society , 26 : 63 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook , Timothy E. 2005 . Governing with the News: the news media as a political institution , 2nd edn , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dahl , Robert A. 1998 . On Democracy , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Daschmann , Gregor . 2000 . Vox Pop & Polls: the impact of poll results and voter statements on the media on the perception of a climate of opinion . International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 12 : 160 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daschmann , Gregor . 2001 . Der Einfluß von Fallbeispielen auf Leserurteile—Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Medienwirkung , Kostanz : UVK Verlagsgesellschaft mbH .
   Google Scholar
• Daschmann , Gregor and Brosius , Hans-Bernd . 1999 . Can a Single Incident Create an Issue? Exemplars in German television magazine shows . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 76 : 35 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deuze , Mark . 2002 . National News Cultures: a comparison of Dutch, German, British, Australian, and U.S. Journalists . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 79 : 134 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrova , Daniela V. and Strömbäck , Jesper . 2009 . The Conditionality of Source Use: comparing source use in U.S. and Swedish television media . Journal of Global Mass Communication , 2 : 149 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Djerf-Pierre , Monika . 2000 . Squaring the Circle: public service and commercial news on Swedish television 1956–99 . Journalism Studies , 1 : 239 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Djerf-Pierre , Monika and Weibull , Lennart . 2001 . Spegla, granska, tolka—Aktualitetsjournalistik i svensk radio och TV under 1900-talet , Stockholm : Prisma .
   Google Scholar
• Entman , Robert M. 2004 . Projections of Power—framing news, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gans , Herbert . 1979 . Deciding What's News: a study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , Stuart , Crichter , Chas , Jefferson , Tony , Clarke , John N. and Roberts , Brian . 1978 . Policing the Crisis—mugging the state, law, and order , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Hallin , Daniel C. 1986 . The “Uncensored War”—the media and Vietnam , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hallin , Daniel C. and Mancini , Paolo . 2004 . Comparing Media Systems: three models of media and politics , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hjarvard , Stig . 2006 . “ Tv-nyheder ” . In Dansk tv's historie , Edited by: Hjarvard , Stig . 105 – 44 . Copenhagen : Samfundslitteratur .
   Google Scholar
• Holm , Hans-Henrik . 2007 . “ Public service journalistik? Væsentlighed, publikumsinteresse og demokratisk handling ” . In DR og TV2—i folkets tjeneste? , Edited by: Carstensen , Martin , Svith , Flemming and Mouritsen , Per . 69 – 91 . Aarhus : Ajour .
   Google Scholar
• Hopmann , David Nicolas , Albæk , Erik and de Vreese , Claes H. 2011 . Incumbency Bonus in Election News Coverage Explained: the logics of the political system and the media market . Journal of Communication , 61 : 264 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopmann , David Nicolas and Strömbäck , Jesper . 2010 . The Rise of the Media Punditocracy? Journalists and media pundits in Danish elections news 1994–2007 . Media, Culture and Society , 32 : 943 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar , Shanto . 1996 . Framing Responsibility for Political Issues . The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 546 : 59 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen , Oluf . 2010 . “ I offentlighedens tjeneste—hvordan er styringen, og hvordan kan du klage?”? ” . In Public service—i praksis og i fremtiden , Edited by: Svendsen , Erik Nordahl . 141 – 63 . Aarhus : Ajour .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , Sung Tae and Weaver , David H. 2003 . Reporting on Globalization: a comparative analysis of sourcing patterns in five countries’ newspapers . Gazette , 65 : 121 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Kovach , Bill and Rosenstiel , Tom . 2007 . The Elements of Journalism: what newspeople should know and the public should expect , New York : Three Rivers Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence , Regina G. 2000 . The Politics of Force—media and the construction of police brutality , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , Gangheong . 2004 . Reconciling ‘Cognitive Priming’ vs ‘Obtrusive Contingency’ Hypotheses: an analytical model of media agenda-setting effects . Gazette , 66 : 151 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , Justin and Wahl-Jorgensen , Karin . 2005 . “ Active Citizen or Coach Potato? Journalism and public opinion ” . In Journalism: Critical Issues , Edited by: Allan , Stuart . 98 – 108 . Maidenhead : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , Justin , Wahl-Jorgensen , Karin and Inthorn , Sanna . 2004 . Images of Citizenship on Television News: constructing a passive public . Journalism Studies , 5 : 153 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Manning , Paul . 2001 . News and News Sources—a critical introduction , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Massing , Peter and Breit , Gotthard 2003 Demokratie-Theorien—Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart , 2nd edn , Bonn : Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung .
   Google Scholar
• Neveu , Erik . 2002 . “ Four Generations of Political Journalism ” . In Political Journalism: new challenges, new practices , Edited by: Kuhn , Raymond and Neveu , Erik . 22 – 43 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• O'neill , Deirdre and Harcup , Tony . 2009 . “ News Values and Selectivity ” . In The Handbook of Journalism Studies , Edited by: Wahl-Jorgensen , Karin and Hanitzsch , Thomas . 161 – 74 . Abingdon : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Pateman , Carole . 1970 . Participation and Democratic Theory , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pfetsch , Barbara . 1996 . Convergence Through Privatization? Changing media environments and televised politics in Germany . European Journal of Communication , 11 : 427 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers , Angela , Kristjansdottir , Hildur and Sutton , Hal . 1994 . Competition in Danish Television News . Journal of Media Economics , 7 : 21 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Schoenbach , Klaus , de Ridder , Jan and Lauf , Edmund . 2001 . Politicians on TV News: getting attention in Dutch and German election campaigns . European Journal of Political Research , 39 : 519 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrøder , Kim Christian . 2010 . Danskernes brug af nyhedsmedier: et nyt landkort—En pejling af danskernes navigation i nyhedsuniverset . Journalistica , 2010 : 8 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Schudson , Michael . 2003 . The Sociology of News , New York : W. W. Norton & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Schulz , Winfried and Zeh , Reimar . 2006 . “ Die Kampagne im Fernsehen—Agens und Indikator des Wandels. Ein Vergleich der Kandidatendarstellung ” . In Die Massenmedien im Wahlkampf—Die Bundestagswahl 2005 , Edited by: Holtz-Bacha , Christina . 277 – 305 . Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften .
   Google Scholar
• Sheafer , Tamir and Wolfsfeld , Gadi . 2009 . Party Systems and Oppositional Voices in the News Media: a study of the contest over political waves in the United States and Israel . The International Journal of Press/Politics , 14 : 146 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shehata , Adam . 2010 . Marking Journalistic Independence—official dominance and the rule of product substitution in Swedish press coverage . European Journal of Communication , 25 : 123 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoemaker , Pamela J. and Reese , Stephen D. 1996 . Mediating the Message: theories of influence on mass media content , White Plains, NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Shoemaker , Pamela J. and Vos , Timothy . 2009 . Gatekeeping Theory , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Sigal , Leon V. 1973 . Reporters and Officials—the organization and politics of newsmaking , London : D. C. Heath and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Strömbäck , Jesper . 2004 . Den medialiserade demokratin: Om journalistikens ideal, verklighet och makt , Stockholm : SNS Förlag .
   Google Scholar
• Strömbäck , Jesper . 2005 . In Search of a Standard: four models of democracy and their normative implications for journalism . Journalism Studies , 6 : 331 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Svith , Flemming . 2007 . “ Public service per stedfortræder—Journalistik i offentlighedens tjeneste ” . In DR og TV2—i folkets tjeneste? , Edited by: Carstensen , Martin , Svith , Flemming and Mouritsen , Per . 93 – 110 . Aarhus : Ajour .
   Google Scholar
• Syvertsen , Trine . 1997 . Paradise Lost: the privatization of Scandinavian broadcasting . The Journal of Communication , 47 : 120 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Tresch , Anke . 2009 . Politicians in the Media: determinants of legislators’ presence and prominence in Swiss newspapers . International Journal of Press/Politics , 14 : 67 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkenburg , Patti M. , Semetko , Holli A. and de Vreese , Claes H. 1999 . The Effects of News Frames on Readers’ Thoughts and Recall . Communication Research , 26 : 550 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Aelst , Peter and de Swert , Knut . 2009 . Politics in the News: do campaigns matter? A comparison of political news during election periods and routine periods in Flanders (Belgium) . Communications , 34 : 149 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Vliegenthart , Rens , Boomgaarden , Hajo G. and Boumans , Jelle W. 2010 . “ Changes in Political News Coverage: personalization, conflict and negativity in British and Dutch newspapers ” . In Political Communication in Postmodern Democracy , Edited by: Brants , Kees and Voltmer , Karin . 92 – 110 . Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Wahl-Jorgensen , Karin . 2004 . Playground of the Pundits or Voice of the People? Comparing British and Danish opinion pages . Journalism Studies , 5 : 59 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , David . 1998 . The Global Journalist. News people around the world , Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , David , Beam , Randal , Brownlee , Bonnie , Voakes , Paul and Wilhoit , Cleveland . 2006 . The American Journalist in the 21st Century: U.S. news people at the dawn of a new millennium , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Zillmann , Dolf and Brosius , Hans-Bernd . 2000 . Exemplification in Communication—the influence of case reports on the perception of issues , London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Zucker , Harold Gene . 1978 . “ The Variable Nature of News Media Influence ” . In Communication Yearbook 2 , Edited by: Ruben , Brent D. 225 – 40 . New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Books .
   Google Scholar