REFERENCES
- Agee, Philip. 1975. Inside the Company, CIA Diary. London: Penguin Books.
- Allan, Stuart, ed. 2005. Journalism: Critical Issues. London: Open University Press.
- Allard, Tom. 2013. “ASIO Raids Office of Lawyer Bernard Collaery Over East Timor Spy Claim.” Sydney Morning Herald, December 3. Arar Inquiry: Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to Maher. http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/asio-raids-office-of-lawyer-bernard-collaery-over-east-timor-spy-claim-20131203-2yoxq.html#ixzz2qqhs1X44.
- Anderson, David. 2015. A Question of Trust: Report on the Investigatory Powers Review. Can be. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/434399/IPR-Report-Web-Accessible1.pdf
- Another Chilling Leak Investigation. 2013. New York Times. Editorial. May 21. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/22/opinion/another-chilling-leak-investigation.html?_r = 0.
- Arar. 2006. http://www.sirc-csars.gc.ca/pdfs/cm_arar_bgv2-eng.pd.
- Backman, Christel, Erica Johnson, Ann Rudinow Saetnan, Gunhild Toendel, Ola Svenonius, and Susanne Wigorts Yngvesson. 2015. “Post-Snowden Surveillance Journalism in Scandinavia.” Paper presented to Surveillance and Citizenship: State-Media-Citizen Relations after the Snowden Leaks, Cardiff University, June 18–19.
- Bakir, Vian. 2015. “News, Agenda Building, and Intelligence Agencies: A Systematic Review of the Field from the Discipline of Journalism, Media and Communications.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 20 (2): 131–144. doi:10.1177/1940161214566693.
- Bauman, Zygmunt, Didier Bigo, Paulo Esteves, Elspeth Guild, Vivienne Jabri, David Lyon, and Rob B. J. Walker. 2014. “After Snowden: Rethinking the Impact of Surveillance.” International Political Sociology 8: 121–144. doi: 10.1111/ips.12048
- Bradshaw, Paul. 2015. “Chilling Effect: Regional Journalists’ Source Protection and Information Security Practice in the Wake of the Snowden and RIPA Revelations.” Forthcoming.
- Broersma, Marcel, Bas den Herder, and Birte Schohaus. 2013. “A Question of Power.” Journalism Practice 7: 388–395. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2013.802474
- Carlson, Matt. 2012. On the Condition of Anonymity. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
- Carlyle, Thomas. 1840. On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1091/1091-h/1091-h.htm.
- Corera, Gordon. 2015. Intercept: The Secret History of Computers and Spies. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.
- Cottle, Simon. 1998. “Ulrich Beck, ‘Risk Society’ and the Media, a Catastrophic View?” European Journal of Communication 13 (1): 5–32. doi: 10.1177/0267323198013001001
- Crook, Tim. 2003. “Is Your Source Ever Really Safe?” British Journalism Review 14: 7–12. doi: 10.1177/0956474803144002
- Davis, Aeron. 2009. “Journalist – Source Relations, Mediated Reflexivity and the Politics of Politics.” Journalism Studies 10 (2): 204–219. doi: 10.1080/14616700802580540
- Dorling, Philip. 2012. Transcript of Talk by Dr Philip Dorling from the Freedom of Information Panel Discussion for Recordkeeping Roundtable Held in Sydney on February 29 2012. http://rkroundtable.org/2012/03/24/philip-dorling/.
- ECHR. 1996. Goodwin v. United Kingdom. http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i%3D001-57974#{“itemid”:[“001-57974”]}.
- Gans, Herbert. 1980. Deciding What’s News. London: Constable.
- Greenwald, Glenn. 2013. “The NSA Can ‘Literally Watch Every Keystroke You Make.” Democracy Now, December 30. http://www.democracynow.org/2013/12/30/glenn_greenwald_the_nsa_can_literally.
- Greenwald, Glenn. 2015. No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA and the Surveillance State. London: Penguin.
- Greenwald, Glenn, Ewen MacAskill, and Laura Poitras. 2013. “Edward Snowden: The Whistle-blower Behind the NSA Surveillance Revelations.” The Guardian (London). June 9. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance.
- Haim, Mario. 2015. “Resetting the Agenda? NSA Coverage in Traditional and New Online Media.” Paper presented to Surveillance and Citizenship: State-Media-Citizen Relations after the Snowden Leaks, Cardiff University, June 18–19.
- Hall, Stuart, Charles Critcher, Tony Jefferson, Brian Roberts, and John Clarke. 1978. Policing the Crisis, Mugging, the State and Law and Order. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Hallin, Daniel C., Robert Karl Manoff, and Judy K. Weddle. 1993. “Sourcing Patterns of National Security Reporters.” Journalism Quarterly 70 (4): 753–766. doi: 10.1177/107769909307000402
- Harding, Luke. 2014. The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World’s Most Wanted Man. London: Guardian Faber Publishing.
- IFJ. 1986. International Federation of Journalists Declaration of Principles on the Conduct of Journalists. http://www.ifj.org/about-ifj/ifj-code-of-principles/.
- Johnson, Loch K. 2009. “A Theory of Strategic Intelligence.” In Intelligence Theory: Key Questions and Debates, edited by Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin, and Mark Phythian, 33–53. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Kiernan, Matthew. 2000. “The Regulatory and Ethical Framework.” In Investigative Journalism: Context and Practice. 1st ed., edited by Hugo de Burgh, 126–155. Oxford: Routledge.
- Kolb, David A. 1984. Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
- Kvale, Steiner. 1996. Interviews – An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. London: Sage.
- Lashmar, Paul. 2013a. “No More Sources.” Open Democracy, 2015. October 17. https://www.opendemocracy.net/paul-lashmar/no-more-sources.
- Lashmar, Paul. 2013b. “Urinal or Open Channel? Institutional Information Flow between the UK Intelligence Services and News Media.” Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism 14 (8): 1024–1040. doi:10.1177/1464884912472139.
- Lashmar, Paul. 2015. “Investigating the ‘Empire of Secrecy’—Three Decades of Reporting on the Secret State.” PhD thesis Brunel University.
- Luckhurst, Tim. 2003. “Nowhere to Hide.” The Independent. July 22. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/nowhere-to-hide-97229.html.
- Lyon, David. 2015. Surveillance after Snowden. Bristol: Polity Press.
- Manning, Paul. 2001. News and News Sources. London: Sage.
- Mitrovica, Andrew. 2004. “RCMP Follies.” Media Spring 2004. 10 (3): 6–7. Pub by the Canadian Association of Journalists. http://caj.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/mediamag/awards2007/Andrew_Media_spring_2004.pdf.
- Mitrovica, Andrew. 2016. “Think the Liberals Will Rein in the Spy Services? Don’t bet money on it.” iPolitics. January 30. http://let.snowden.in/2016/01/30/think-the-liberals-will-rein-in-the-spy-services-dont-bet-money-on-it-ipolitics-20160129/.
- Mols, Anouk. 2015. “Not Interesting Enough to be Followed by the NSA’: A Frame Analysis of the Dutch Public Debate About the NSA Revelations in 2013.” Paper presented to Surveillance and Citizenship: State-Media-Citizen Relations after the Snowden Leaks, Cardiff University, June 18–19.
- Moran, Christopher. 2013. Classified: Secrecy and the State in Modern Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- O’Carroll, Lisa. 2013. “Seymour Hersh on Obama, NSA and the ‘Pathetic’ American Media.” The Guardian. September 27. http://www.theguardian.com/media/media-blog/2013/sep/27/seymour-hersh-obama-nsa-american-media.
- O’Cleirigh, Fiona. 2015. “Bill Binney, the ‘Original’ NSA Whistleblower, on Snowden, 9/11 and Illegal Surveillance.” Computer Weekly. January. http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Interview-the-original-NSA-whistleblower.
- Park, Robert E. 1923. “The Natural History of the Newspaper.” American Journal of Sociology 29 (3): 273–289. doi: 10.1086/213596
- Parrell, Mark J. 1993. “Press/Confidential Source Relations: Protecting Sources and the First Amendment.” Communication and the Law 15: 47–73.
- Pearlstine, Norman. 2007. Off the Record: The press, the Government, and the War over Anonymous Sources. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Pew Research Center in association with Columbia University’s Tow Center for Digital Journalism. 2015. “Investigative Journalists and Digital Security”. February 5.
- Pincher, Chapman. 2009. “Reflections on a Lifetime of Reporting on Intelligence Affairs.” In Spinning Intelligence: Why Intelligence Needs the Media, Why the Media Needs Intelligence, edited by Robert Dover and Michael S. Goodman, 149–164. London: Hurst & Co.
- Ponsford, Dominic. 2014. “Rusbridger on How No Journalist’s Sources are Safe, Joining IPSO and Why He Would Have Kept News of the World Open.” Press Gazette. March 28. http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/rusbridger-how-no-journalists-sources-are-now-safe-joining-ipso-and-why-he-would-have-kept-news/.
- Ponsford, Dominic. 2015. “News Corp and Trinity Mirror need to Address Betrayal of Sources if Industry is to Move on from Hacking Scandal.” Press Gazette, December 11. http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/content/67-british-journalists-arrested-andor-charged-course-their-jobs-2011.
- Preston, Peter. 2016. “Beware Spooks Stringing Along Security Reporters.” The Guardian, January 10. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/10/beware-spooks-stringing-along-security-correspondents.
- Prpic, J. Kaya. 2005. “Managing Academic Change through Reflexive Practice: A Quest for New Views.” Research and Development in Higher Education 28: 399–406.
- Reich, Zvi. 2008. “The Anatomy of Leaks Tracing the Path of Unauthorized Disclosure in the Israeli Press.” Journalism October 2008 9 (5): 555–581. doi: 10.1177/1464884908094159
- Sager, Kelli L., and Rochelle L. Wilcox. 2007. “Protecting Confidential Sources.” Litigation Winter 2007: 33 (2): 36–41.
- Schlesinger, Philip, and Howard Tumber. 1994. Reporting Crime. Oxford: Clarendon.
- Schön, Donald. 1983. The Reflective Practitioner. London: Temple Smith.
- Sigal, Leon. 1973. Reporters and Officials. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
- Snowden Document: NSA Spied On Al Jazeera Communications. 2013. Der Spiegel. August 31. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nsa-spied-on-al-jazeera-communications-snowden-document-a-919681.html.
- Solomon, Norman. 2016. “Should Journalists Care if Sources go off to Prison?” Columbia Journalism Review, L February 5. http://www.cjr.org/opinion/should_journalists_care_if_sources_go_off_to_prison.php.
- Stein, Jeff. 2013. “The End of National Security Reporting?” Computer Security, July/August. http://www.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/pdfs/TheEndOfNationalSecurityReporting-IEEESecurityAndPrivacy.pdf.
- Tambini, Damian. 2010. “What are Financial Journalists for?” Journalism Studies 11 (2): 158–174. doi: 10.1080/14616700903378661
- Toohey, Brian. 2013. “Attorney-General George Brandis Wades Into Troubled Waters.” The Financial Review, December 7. http://www.afr.com/news/policy/foreign-affairs/attorneygeneral-george-brandis-wades-into-troubled-waters-20131206-iypc7.
- Walters, Joanna. 2013. “NSA ‘Hacking Unit’ Infiltrates Computers Around the World – Report.” The Guardian. December 29.
- Whitaker, Reg. 1998. The End of Privacy: How Total Surveillance is becoming a Reality. New York: The New Press.
- Whitaker, Ray, Paul Lashmar, and Andy McSmith. 2003. “Revealed: How Blair Used Discredited WMD ‘Evidence’: UK Intelligence Chiefs Warned Claim that Iraq Could Activate Banned Weapons in 45 Minutes Came from Unreliable Defector.” The Independent on Sunday, June 1.