A Place to Protest

REFERENCES

• Association of Alternative Newsmedia. 2015. “About AAN.” http://www.altweeklies.com/aan/about-aan/Page.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, Joshua. 2005. “Towards an Understanding about Complexities of Alternative Media: Portrayals of Power in Alternative Media. This paper was Part of a Larger Dissertation Written by the Author at University of Missouri-Columbia.” Qualitative Research Reports in Communication 6 (1): 77–84. doi: 10.1080/17459430500262232
   Google Scholar
• Atton, Chris. 1999. “A Reassessment of the Alternative Press.” Media, Culture and Society 21 (1): 51–76. doi: 10.1177/016344399021001003
   Google Scholar
• Atton, Chris. 2002. Alternative Media. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Atton, Chris. 2015. “Introduction: Problems and Positions in Alternative and Community Media.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 1–18. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Atton, Chris, and James F. Hamilton. 2008. Alternative Journalism. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, Olga, Bart Cammaerts, and Nico Carpentier. 2007. Understanding Alternative Media. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benson, Rodney. 2003. “Commercialism and Critique: California’s Alternative Weeklies.” In Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World, edited by Nick Couldry and James Curran, 111–128. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, Matt. 2012. “Where Once Stood Titans: Second-Order Paradigm Repair and the Vanishing US Newspaper.” Journalism 13 (3): 267–283. doi: 10.1177/1464884911421574
   Google Scholar
• Carpentier, Nico, Vaia Doudaki, and Yiannis Christidis. 2015. “Technological Struggles in Community Media.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 483–493. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cassell, Catherine, and Gillian Symon. 2004. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Christians, Clifford G., Theodore L. Glasser, Denis McQuail, Kaarle Nordenstreng, and Robert A. White. 2009. Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chuck, Elizabeth 2016. “Cops Awaiting Trial in Freddie Gray Case Want Charges Dismissed.” NBC News, June 29. http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/baltimore-unrest/freddie-gray-officers-awaiting-trial-ask-cases-be-dismissed-n601011.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, John W. 2013. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlberg, Lincoln. 2001. “The Internet and Democratic Discourse: Exploring the Prospects of Online Deliberative Forums Extending the Public Sphere.” Information, Communication & Society 4 (4): 615–633. doi: 10.1080/13691180110097030
   Google Scholar
• Dahlberg, Lincoln. 2014. “The Habermasian Public Sphere and Exclusion: An Engagement with Poststructuralist-Influenced Critics.” Communication Theory 24: 21–41. doi: 10.1111/comt.12010
   Google Scholar
• Dahlgren, Peter. 2005. “The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation.” Political Communication 22 (2): 147–162. doi: 10.1080/10584600590933160
   Google Scholar
• De Jong, Wilma, Martin Shaw, and Neil Stammers. 2005. Global Activism, Global Media. London: Pluto.
   Google Scholar
• Downing, John D. 2003. “Audiences and Readers of Alternative Media: The Absent Lure of the Virtually Unknown.” Media, Culture & Society 25 (5): 625–645. doi: 10.1177/01634437030255004
   Google Scholar
• Ford, Dana. 2015. “New Audio Captures Aftermath of Deadly South Carolina Shooting.” CNN, April 13. http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/13/us/south-carolina-police-shooting/.
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs, Christian, and Marisol Sandoval. 2015. “The Political Economy of Capitalist and Alternative Social Media.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 165–176. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, David A. 2015. “The Mysterious Death of Freddie Gray.” The Atlantic, April 22. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/the-mysterious-death-of-freddie-gray/391119/.
   Google Scholar
• Haas, Tanni. 2004a. “Qualitative Case Study Methods in Newsroom Research and Reporting.” In Qualitative Research in Journalism: Taking It to the Streets, edited by Sharon Hartin, 59–74. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Haas, Tanni. 2004b. “Research Note: Alternative Media, Public Journalism and the Pursuit of Democratization.” Journalism Studies 5 (1): 115–121. doi: 10.1080/1461670032000174783
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, Jürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Translated by Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence. Cambridge, UK: Polity. (Original work published 1962.)
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, James F. 2015. “What’s Left? Towards a Historicized Critique of Alternative Media and Community Media.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 77–87. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Harcup, Tony. 2005. “I’m Doing This to Change the World’: Journalism in Alternative and Mainstream Media.” Journalism Studies 6 (3): 361–374. doi: 10.1080/14616700500132016
   Google Scholar
• Harcup, Tony. 2011. “Alternative Journalism as Active Citizenship.” Journalism 12 (1): 15–31. doi: 10.1177/1464884910385191
   Google Scholar
• Healy, Jack. 2014. “Ferguson, Still Tense, Grows Calmer.” The New York Times, November 26. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/27/us/michael-brown-darren-wilson-ferguson-protests.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hindman, Elizabeth B. 1998. ““Spectacles of the Poor”: Conventions of Alternative News.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 75 (1): 177–193. doi: 10.1177/107769909807500117
   Google Scholar
• Kenix, Linda Jean. 2015. “Commercialism and the Deconstruction of Alternative and Mainstream Media.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 66–76. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Landes, Joan B. 1988. Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lievrouw, Leah A. 2015. “Digital Media and News.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 301–312. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mowbray, Mike. 2015. “Alternative Logics? Parsing the Literature on Alternative Media.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 21–31. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rauch, Jennifer. 2007. “Activists as Interpretive Communities: Rituals of Consumption and Interaction in an Alternative Media Audience.” Media, Culture & Society 29 (6): 994–1013. doi: 10.1177/0163443707084345
   Google Scholar
• Rector, Kevin, and Justin Fenton. 2016. “Freddie Gray Case: Charges Against Three Remaining Officers Dropped.” The Baltimore Sun, July 27. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-miller-pretrial-motions-20160727-story.html.
   Google Scholar
• Robles, Frances. 2015. “Fee to be Charged for Video of South Carolina Shooting, Publicist Says.” The New York Times, April 16. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/us/fee-to-be-charged-for-video-of-south-carolina-shooting-publicist-says.html.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, Clemencia. 2001. Fissures in the Mediascape: An International Study of Citizens’ Media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schudson, Michael. 1978. Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers. New York: Basic Books Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Stake, R. E. 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Swanborn, P. 2010. Case Study Research: What, Why and How? London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Donk, Wim, Brian D. Loader, Paul G. Nixon, and Dieter Rucht. 2004. “Introduction: Social Movements and ICTs.” In Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements, edited by Wim van de Donk, Brian D. Loader, Paul G. Nixon, and Dieter Rucht, 1–22. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• van Manen, Max. 2016. Researching Lived Experience. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker, B. 1981. News Ltd: Why You Can’t Read All About It. London: Minority Press Group.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfgang, J. David, and Joy Jenkins. 2015. “Diverse Discourse: Analyzing the Potential of Public Affairs Magazine Online Forums to Reflect Qualities of the Public Sphere.” Journal of Public Deliberation 11 (1): Article 5: 1–26.
   Google Scholar