Linking immunological and epidemiological dynamics of HIV: the case of super-infection

References

• F.R. Adler and J. Mosquera, Super- and coinfection: Filling the range, in Adaptive Dynamics of Infectious Diseases: In Pursuit of Virulence Management, U. Dieckmann, J.A.J. Metz, M.W. Sabelis, and K. Sigmund, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, pp. 138–149.
   Google Scholar
• S. Alizon and S. Lion, Within-host parasite cooperation and the evolution of virulence, Proc. R. Soc. B 278 (2011), pp. 3738–3747. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Alizon, F. Luciani, and R.R. Regoes, Epidemiological and clinical consequences of within-host evolution, Trends Microbiol. 19(1) (2011), pp. 24–32. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.B. André and S. Gandon, Vaccination, within-host dynamics, and virulence evolution, Evolution 60(1) (2006), pp. 13–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. van Baalen and M.W. Sabelis, The dynamics of multiple infection and the evolution of virulence, Am. Nat. 146 (1995), pp. 881–910 doi: 10.1086/285830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.L. Ball, M.A. Gilchrist, and D. Coombs, Modeling within-host evolution of HIV: Mutation, competition and strain replacement, Bull. Math. Biol. 69 (2007), pp. 2361–2385. doi: 10.1007/s11538-007-9223-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Brauer, P. van den Driessche, and J. Wu (eds.), Mathematical Epidemiology, Springer, New York, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• D. Coombs, M.A. Gilchrist, and C.L. Ball, Evaluating the importance of within- and between-host selection pressures on the evolution of chronic pathogens, Theor. Popul. Biol. 72 (2007), pp. 576–591. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.F. Cuadros and G. Garcia-Ramos, Variable effect of co-infection on the HIV infectivity: Within-host dynamics and epidemiological significance, Theor. Biol. Med. Model. 9(9) (2012). doi:10.1186/1742-4682-9-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.J. De Boer, R.M. Ribeiro, and A.S. Perelson, Current estimates for HIV-1 production imply rapid viral clearance in lymphoid tissues, PLoS Comput. Biol. 6(9) (2010), pp. e1000906.
   Google Scholar
• P. De Leenheer and S.S. Pilyugin, Multistrain virus dynamics with mutations: A global analysis, Math. Med. Biol. 25 (2008), pp. 285–322. doi: 10.1093/imammb/dqn023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. De Leenheer and H.L. Smith, Virus dynamics: A global analysis, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 63(4) (2003), pp. 1313–1327. doi: 10.1137/S0036139902406905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Debroy and M. Martcheva, Immuno-epidemiology and HIV/AIDS: A modeling prospective, in Mathematical Biology Research Trends, Lachlan B. Wilson, ed., Nova Publishers, New York, 2008, pp. 175–192.
   Google Scholar
• S. Debroy, B. Bolker, and M. Martcheva, Bistability and long-term cure in a within-host of Hepatitis C, J. Biol. Syst. 19(4) (2011), pp. 533–550. doi: 10.1142/S0218339011004135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Gilchrist and A. Sasaki, Modeling host–parasite coevolution: A nested approach based on mechanistic models, J. Theor. Biol. 218(3) (2002), pp. 289–308. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2002.3076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Gilchrist, D. Coombs, and A.S. Perelson, Optimizing within-host viral fitness: Infected cell lifespan and virion production rate, J. Theor. Biol. 229(2) (2004), pp. 281–288. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Hellriegel, Immunoepidemiology – bridging the gap between immunology and epidemiology, Trends Parasitol. 17(2) (2001), pp. 102–106. doi: 10.1016/S1471-4922(00)01767-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.W. Hethcote, The mathematics of infectious diseases, SIAM Rev. 42(4) (2000), pp. 599–653. doi: 10.1137/S0036144500371907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.D. Holt and M. Barfield, Within-host pathogen dynamics: Some ecological and evolutionary consequences of transients, dispersal mode, and within-host spatial heterogeneity, DIMACS Ser. Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci. 71 (2006), pp. 45–66.
   Google Scholar
• P. Lemey, A. Rambaut, and O. Pybus, HIV evolutionary dynamics within and among hosts, AIDS Rev. 8 (2006), pp. 125–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Li, S. Ruan, and D. Xiao, The within-host dynamics of malaria infection with immune response, Math. Biosci. Eng. 8(4) (2011), pp. 999–1018. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Martcheva, An immuno-epidemiological model of paratuberculosis, AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, Melville, NY, Vol. 1404, 2011, pp. 176–183.
   Google Scholar
• M. Martcheva and H.R. Thieme, Progression age enhanced backward bifurcation in an epidemic model with super-infection, J. Math. Biol. 46 (2003), pp. 385–424. doi: 10.1007/s00285-002-0181-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.F. Medley, The epidemiological consequences of optimisation of the individual host immune response, Parasitology 125 (2002), pp. S61–S70. doi: 10.1017/S0031182002002354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.A. Milner and L.M. Sega, Integrating immunological and epidemiological models, 18th World IMACS/MODSIM Congress, Cairns, Australia, 13–17 July 2009. Available at http://mssanz.org.au/modsim09
   Google Scholar
• J. Mosquera and F.R. Adler, Evolution of virulence: A unified framework for coinfection and superinfection, J. Theor. Biol. 195 (1998), pp. 293–313. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.1998.0793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.U. Neumann, N.P. Lam, H. Dahari, D.R. Gretch, T.E. Wiley, T.J. Layden, and A.S. Perelson, A model for ovine brucellosis incorporating direct and indirect transmission, Hepatitis C virus dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy, Science 282 (1998), pp. 103–107. doi: 10.1126/science.282.5386.103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Nishiura, Correcting the actual reproduction number: A simple method to estimate R0 from early epidemic growth data, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 7 (2010), pp. 291–302. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7010291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Nowak and R.M. May, Superinfection and the evolution of parasite virulence, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 255 (1994), pp. 81–89. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1994.0012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Nowak and R.M. May, Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• A. Perelson, A. Neumann, M. Markowitz, J. Leonard, and D. Ho, HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: Virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time, Science 271 (1996), pp. 1582–1586. doi: 10.1126/science.271.5255.1582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.D. Pilcher, G. Joaki, I.F. Hoffman, F.E.A. Martinson, C. Mapanje, P.W. Stewart, K.A. Powers, S. Galvin, D. Chilongozi, S. Gama, M.A. Price, S.A. Fiscus, and M.S. Cohen, Amplified transmission of HIV-1: Comparison of HIV-1 concentrations in semen and blood during acute and chronic infection, AIDS 21(13) (2007), pp. 1723–1730. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3281532c82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Population Reference Bureau. Available at http://www.prb.org/DataFinder/Geography/Data.aspx?loc=241 (accessed 2012).
   Google Scholar
• R.R. Regoes, D. Wodarz, and M.A. Nowak Virus dynamics: The effect of target cell limitation and immune responses on virus evolution, J. Theor. Biol. 191 (2010), pp. 451–462. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.J. Snedecor, Comparison of three kinetic models of HIV-1 infection: Implications for optimization of treatment, J. Theor. Biol. 221 (2003), pp. 519–541. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2003.3202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Stafford, L. Corey, Y. Cao, E.S. Daar, D.D. Ho, and A.S. Perelson, Modeling plasma virus concentration during primary HIV infection, J. Theor. Biol. 203 (2000), pp. 285–301. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2000.1076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.R. Thieme and C. Castillo-Chavez, How may infection-age-dependent infectivity affect the dynamics of HIV/AIDS? SIAM J. Appl. Math. 53 (1993), pp. 1447–1479. doi: 10.1137/0153068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations, UN Millennium Goals report 2010. Available at http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202010%20En%20r15%20-low%20res%2020100615%20-.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Avert. HIV types, subtypes groups and strains. Available at http://www.avert.org/hiv-types.htm
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_superinfection
   Google Scholar