References
- Hiraoka, T.; Yamada, T.; Hata, K.; Futaba, D.N.; Kurachi, H.; Uemura, S.; Yumura, M.; Iijima, S. Synthesis of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forests on Conducting Metal Foils. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128 (41), 13338–13339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0643772.
- Wepasnick, K.A.; Smith, B.A.; Bitter, J.L.; Fairbrother, D.H. Chemical and Structural Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Surfaces. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 396 (3), 1003–1014. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3332-5.
- Homaeigohar, S. Water Treatment with New Nanomaterials. Water (Basel). 2020, 12 (1507), 10–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051507.
- Zhou, O.; Shimoda, H.; Gao, B.O.; Oh, S.; Fleming, L.E.S.; Yue, G. Materials Science of Carbon Nanotubes : Fabrication, Integration, and Properties of Macroscopic Structures of Carbon Nanotubes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35 (12), 1045–1053. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/ar010162f.
- Rashid, H.; Ralph, S.F. Carbon Nanotube Membranes : Synthesis, Properties, and Future Filtration Applications. Am. J. Obs. 2017, 120 (10), 1298–1299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7050099.
- Liu, X.; Zhang, S.; Pan, B. Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Water Treatment. Recent Prog. Carbon Nanotub. Res. 2012. 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5772/51332.
- Malago, J.; Makoba, E.; Muzuka, A.N.N. Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa : A Review 2. Sources of Fluoride in Surface and Groundwater in Africa. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2017, 3 (1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20170301.11.
- Kebede, S. Groundwater in Ethiopia Features, Numbers and Opportunities, Springer Hydrology: Berlin, 2013. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30391-3.
- Demelash, H.; Beyene, A.; Abebe, Z.; Melese, A. Fluoride Concentration in Ground Water and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley : Systematic Review And Syst. Rev. Meta-Analysis. BMC Public Heal. 2019, 19 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7646-8.
- Peccerillo, A. Petrogenesis of Silicic Peralkaline Rocks in the Ethiopian Rift : Geochemical Evidence and Volcanological Implications. J. African Earth Sci. 2007, 48, 161–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2006.06.010.
- Ansari, M.; Kazemipour, M.; Dehghani, M.; Kazemipour, M. The Defluoridation of Drinking Water Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J. Fluor. Chem. 2011, 132 (8), 516–520. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.05.008.
- Datturi, S.; Kumsa, A.; Kebede, S.; van S, F.; van B, M. The Right to Smile: Fluoride and Fluorosis in Central Rift Valley (Ethiopia). Groundw. Mag. 2017, (3), 8–26.
- Thole, B. Defluoridation Kinetics of 200 8 C Calcined Bauxite, Gypsum, and Magnesite and Breakthrough Characteristics of Their Composite Filter. J. Fluor. Chem. 2011, 132 (8), 529–535. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.05.016.
- WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality; 2017.
- McCann, H.G. Reactions of Fluoride Ion with Hydroxyapatite. J. Biol. Chem. 1953, 201 (1), 247–259.
- Huber, A.C.; Mosler, H.-J. Determining Behavioral Factors for Interventions to Increase Safe Water Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Field Study in Rural Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 2013, 23 (2), 96–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2012.699032.
- Collivignarelli, M.C.; Abb, A.; Miino, M.C.; Torretta, V.; Rada, E.C.; Caccamo, F.M.; Sorlini, S. Adsorption of Fluorides in Drinking Water by Palm Residues. Sustainability. 2020, 12 (9), 3786–3712. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093786.
- Ando, Y.; Zhao, X.; Sugai, T.; Kumar, M. Growing Carbon Nanotubes. Mater. Today. 2004, 7 (10), 22–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00446-8.
- Ma, W.; Zhao Y. Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorption Using Bone Char as a Biosorbent Feiqun Ya and Ren Wang Yaqian Zhao. Int. J. Environ. Technol. Manag. 2008, 9 (1), 59–69.
- Ibrahim, K.S. Carbon Nanotubes – Properties and Applications : A Review. Carbon Lett. 2013, 14 (3), 131–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2013.14.3.131.
- Popov, V.N. Carbon Nanotubes : Properties and Application. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. 2004, 43 (3), 61–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2003.10.001.
- Das, R.; Ali, E.; Bee, S.; Hamid, A.; Ramakrishna, S.; Chowdhury Z.Z. Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Water Puri Fi Cation : A Bright Future in Water Desalination. Desalination. 2014, 336, 97–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.12.026.
- Dore, J.; Burian, A.; Tomita, S. Structural Studies of Carbon Nanotubes and Related Materials by Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction. ACTA Phys. Pol. A. 2000, 98 (5), 495–504.
- Bachtold, A.; Hadley, P.; Nakanishi, T.; Dekker, C. Logic Circuits with Carbon Nanotube Transistors. Science. 2001, 294(5545), 1317-1320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1065824.
- Kumar, M.; Ando, Y. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes : A Review on Growth Mechanism and Mass Production. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2010, 10 (6), 3739–3758. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.2939.
- Murthy, H.C.A.; Desalegn, T.; Kassa, M. Synthesis of Green Copper Nanoparticles Using Medicinal Plant Hagenia Abyssinica (Brace) JF. Gmel. Leaf Extract: Antimicrobial Properties. J. Nanomat. 2020, 2020, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3924081.
- Desalegn, T.; Ravikumar, C.R.; Murthy, H.C.A. Eco-friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures Using Medicinal Plant Vernonia Amygdalina Del. Leaf Extract for Multifunctional Applications. Appl. Nanosci. 2020, 11, 535–551. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01620-7.
- Tripathi, N.; Pavelyev, V.; Islam, S.S. Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using Green Plant Extract as Catalyst: Unconventional Concept and its Realization. Appl. Nanosci. (Switzerland). 2017, 7, 557–566. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-017-0598-3.
- Nguyen, V.H.; Shim, J.J. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline Nanocomposites. J. Spectrosc. 2015, 2015, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/297804.
- Hamid, Z.A.; Azim, A.A.; Mouez, F.A.; Rehim, S.S.A. Challenges on Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Environmentally Friendly Green oil Using Pyrolysis Technique, Vol. 126, Elsevier B.V., 2017; pp 218–229.
- Hakim, Y.Z.; Yulizar, Y.; Nurcahyo, A. Surya M Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Coconut Shell Waste for the Adsorption of Pb(II) Ions. Acta Chim. Asiana. 2018, 1, 6–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/aca.v1i1.2.
- Araga, R.; Kali, S.; Sharma, C.S. Coconut-Shell-Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composite for Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution. Clean - Soil, Air, Water. 2019, 47, 1800286–1800289. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201800286.
- Cao, D.; He, H.Y. Eco-friendly Synthesis and Characterisations of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Ag Nanoparticle Heterostructures. Mater. Res. Innov. 2020, 25 (2), 76–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2020.1740868.
- Makgabutlane, B.; Nthunya, L.N.; Maubane-Nkadimeng, M.S.; Mhlanga, S.D. Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes to Address the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: A Critical Review. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2019, 104736. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104736.
- Wang, J.G.; Liu, H.; Zhang, X. Green Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanotubes as Advanced Materials for High-Efficient Energy Storage. Small 2018, 14, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703950.
- Kumar, M. Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Growth Mechanism; Applications: India, 1999, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5772/19331.
- Irle, S.; Ohta, Y.; Okamoto, Y.; Page, A.J.; Wang, Y.; Morokuma, K. Milestones in Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Formation : A Brief Critical Review. Nano Res. 2009, 2 (10), 755–767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-009-9078-8.
- Mandal, S.K.; Hussain, S.; Pal, A.K. Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes Deposited by Electrochemical Technique. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 2005, 43 (10), 765–771.
- Lehman, J.H.; Terrones, M.; Meunier, V.; Mansfield, E.; Hurst, K.E. Evaluating the Characteristics of Multiwall Carbon. Carbon N. Y. 2011, 49 (8), 2581–2602. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.03.028.
- Gavillet, J.; Loiseau, A.; Journet, C.; Willaime, F.; Ducastelle, F.; Charlier, J. Root-Growth Mechanism for Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. S. 2001, 87 (27), 2–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.275504.
- Ong, Y.T.; Ahmad, A.L.; Hussein, S.; Zein, S.; Tan, S.H. A Review on Carbon Nanotubes in an Environmental Protection and Green Engineering Perspective. Brazilian J. Chem. Eng. 2010, 27 (02), 227–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322010000200002.
- Ye, Q.; Cassell, A.M.; Liu, H.; Chao, K.; Han, J.; Meyyappan, M.; Field, M.; Nanosystems, I.; Sunny, V. Large-Scale Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Probe Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy Critical Dimension Imaging Applications. Nano Lett. 2004, 4 (7), 1301–1308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/nl049341r.
- Kardimi, K.; Tsoufis, T.; Tomou, A.; Kooi, B.J.; Prodromidis, M.I.; Gournis, D. Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Pt and PtRu Nanoparticles and Assessment of Their Electrocatalytic Performance. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2012, 37 (2), 1243–1253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.09.143.
- Ma, L.; Dong, X.; Chen, M.; Zhu, L.; Wang, C.; Yang, F.; Dong, Y. Fabrication and Water Treatment Application of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) -Based Composite Membranes : A Review. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes7010016.
- Casanova, E.G.O.; Mandujano, A.T.; Rom, M. Microscopy and Spectroscopy Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Grown at Different Temperatures Using Cyclohexanol as Carbon Source. J. Spectrosc. 2019, 2019, 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6043523.
- Lee, B.; Baek, Y.; Lee, M.; Jeong, D.H.; Lee, H.H.; Yoon, J.; Kim, Y.H. A Carbon Nanotube Wall Membrane for Water Treatment. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6 (7109), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8109.
- Dikio, E.D. A Comparative Study of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized from Co / Zn / Al and Fe / Ni / Al Catalyst. E-Journal Chem. 2011, 8 (3), 1014–1021. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/252875.
- Costa, S.; Borowiak-Palen, E.; Kruszyńska, M.; Bachmatiuk, A.; Kaleńczuk, R.J. Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy. Mater. Sci. 2008, 26 (2), 1–8.
- Cheng, X.; Zhong, J.; Meng, J.; Yang, M.; Jia, F.; Xu, Z.; Kong, H.; Xu, H. Characterization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Dispersing in Water and Association with Biological Effects. J. Nanomater. 2011, 2011, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/938491.
- Klein, K.L.; Melechko, A.V.; McKnight, T.E.; Retterer, S.T.; Rack, P.D.; Fowlkes, J.D.; Joy, D.C.; Simpson, M.L. ARTICLES. Surface Characterization and Functionalization of Carbon Nanofibers. J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 103 (061301), 1301. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2840049.
- Park, M.; Kim, B.; Kim, S.; Han, D.; Kim, G.; Lee, K. Improved Binding Between Copper and Carbon Nanotubes in a Composite Using Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups. Carbon N. Y. 2011, 49 (3), 811–818. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.019.
- Yao, M.; Tijing, L.D.; Naidu, G.; Kim, S.; Matsuyama, H.; Fane, A.G.; Kyong, H. A Review of Membrane Wettability for the Treatment of Saline Water Deploying Membrane Distillation. Desalination. 2020, 479, 114312. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114312.
- Bruggen, B.V.D. The Separation Power of Nanotubes in Membranes : A Review. Nanotechnology. 2012, 2012, 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/693485.
- Zhao, M. World’s Largest Science, Technology & Medicine Open Access Book Publisher. 2017, No. March. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5772/65723.
- Saththasivam, J.; Yiming, W.; Wang, K.; Jin, J.; Liu Z. OPEN A Novel Architecture for Carbon Nanotube Membranes Towards Fast and Efficient Oil / Water Separation. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8 (1), 4–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25788-9.
- Arora, B.; Attri, P. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): A Potential Nanomaterial for Water Purification Carbon Nanotubes A Potential Nanomaterial for Water Purification. J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4 (135), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030135.
- Biron, S. Ceramic Membranes Applied in Separation Processes, Membrane: Brazil, 2018, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58604-5.
- Bruggen, B.V.D.; Vandecasteele, C.; Volodin, A. How a Microfiltration Pretreatment Affects the Performance in Nanofiltration. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (7), 1443–1459. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1081/SS-120030799.
- Mokhtar, G.; Naoyuki, F. Microfiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis for the Removal of Toxins (LPS Indotoxins) from Wastewater. J. Memb. Sci. Technol. 2012, 2 (3), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9589.1000118.
- Pinto, J. Membrane Science & Technology Carbon Nanotubes Membrane for Water Filtration. J. Membr. Sci. Technol. 2020, 10 (204), 1–2. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9589.2020.10.204.
- Shahmansouri A.; Bellona, C. Nanofiltration Technology in Water Treatment and Reuse : Applications and Costs. Water Sci. Technol. 2015, 71 (3), 309–319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.015.
- Wang, R.; Chen, D.; Wang, Q.; Ying, Y.; Gao, W.; Xie, L. Recent Advances in Applications of Carbon Nanotubes for Desalination : A Review. Nanomaterials. 2020, 10 (1203), 1–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061203.
- Ihsanullah. Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Water Purification: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects for the Future. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2019, 209, 307–337. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.07.043.
- Liu, X.; Wang, M.; Zhang, S.; Pan, B. Application Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Water Treatment : A Review. J. Environ. Sci. 2013, 25 (7), 1263–1280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60161-2.
- Adeleye, A.S.; Keller, A.A. Long-term Colloidal Stability and Metal Leaching of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Effect of Temperature and Extracellular Polymeric Substances. Water Res. 2014, 49, 236–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.032.
- Arora, B.; Attri, P. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): A Potential Nanomaterial for Water Purification. J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030135.
- Zan, P.; Xiaojuan, L.; Wei, Z.; Zhuotong, Z.; Zhifeng, L.; Chang, Z.; Yang, L.; Binbin, S.; Qinghua, L.; Wangwang, T.; Xingzhong, Y. Advances in the Application, Toxicity and Degradation of Carbon Nanomaterials in Environment: A Review. Environ. Int. 2020, 134, 236–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105298.
- Das, R.; Leo, B.F.; Murphy, F. The Toxic Truth About Carbon Nanotubes in Water Purification: a Perspective View. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2018, 13, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-018-2589-z.
- Tabei, Y.; Fukui, H.; Nishioka, A.; Hagiwara, Y.; Sato, K.; Yoneda, T.; Koyama, T.; Horie, M. Effect of Iron Overload from Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Neutrophil-Like Differentiated HL-60 Cells. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9.1, 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38598-4.
- Martínez-Paz, P.; Negri, V.; Esteban-Arranz, A.; Martínez-Guitarte, J.L.; Ballesteros, P.; Morales, M. Effects at Molecular Level of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) in Chironomus Riparius (DIPTERA) Aquatic Larvae. Aquat. Toxicol. 2019, 209, 42–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.017.