Diversity of Television Exposure and its Association with the Cultivation of Concern for Environmental Risks

References

• AAPOR 2008 . Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys . Lenexa, KS : American Association for Public Opinion Research .
   Google Scholar
• Ader , C.R. 1995 . A longitudinal-study of agenda-setting for the issue of environmental-pollution . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 72 ( 2 ) : 300 – 311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken , L.S. and West , S.G. 1991 . Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Allan , S. 2002 . Media, risk and society , Philadelphia, PA : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Besley , J.C. and Shanahan , J. 2005 . Media attention and exposure in relation to support for agricultural biotechnology . Science Communication , 26 ( 4 ) : 347 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , C.L. 1993 . The influence of mass-media and interpersonal-communication on societal and personal risk judgments . Communication Research , 20 ( 4 ) : 611 – 628 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgell , M.C.R. and Nowell , D.E. 1989 . The New Environmental Paradigm scale – wildlife and environmental beliefs in British-Columbia . Society & Natural Resources , 2 ( 4 ) : 285 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggermont , S. 2004 . Television viewing, perceived similarity, and adolescents’ expectations of a romantic partner . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 48 ( 2 ) : 244 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , R.J. and Thompson , F. 1997 . Culture and the environment in the Pacific Northwest . American Political Science Review , 91 ( 4 ) : 885 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbner , G. 1987 . Science on television – How it affects public conceptions . Issues in Science and Technology , 3 ( 3 ) : 109 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbner , G. and Gross , K. 1974 . System of cultural indicators . Public Opinion Quarterly , 38 : 460 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbner , G. and Gross , L. 1976 . Living with television: The violence profile . Journal of Communication , 26 ( 2 ) : 172 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goidel , R.K. , Freeman , C.M. and Procopio , S.T. 2006 . The impact of television viewing on perceptions of juvenile crime . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 50 ( 1 ) : 119 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good , J. 2007 . Shop 'til we drop? Television, materialism and attitudes about the natural environment . Mass Communication and Society , 10 ( 3 ) : 365 – 383 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , R.P. and Pingree , S. 1981 . Uniform messages and habitual viewing – Unnecessary assumptions in social-reality effects . Human Communication Research , 7 ( 4 ) : 291 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch , P. 1980 . The ‘scary world’ of the nonviewer and other anomalies: A reanalysis of Gerbner et al.'s findings on cultivation analysis . Communication Research , 7 : 403 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holbert , R.L. , Kwak , N. and Shah , D.V. 2003 . Environmental concern, patterns of television viewing, and pro-environmental behaviors: Integrating models of media consumption and effects . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 47 ( 2 ) : 177 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes , M. 1980 . The fruits of cultivation analysis: a re-examination of the effects of television watching on fear of victimization, alienation, and the approval of violence . Public Opinion Quarterly , 44 : 287 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McComas , K.A. , Shanahan , J. and Butler , J.S. 2001 . Environmental content in prime-time network TV's non-news entertainment and fictional programs . Society & Natural Resources , 14 ( 6 ) : 533 – 542 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton , T.A. and Duck , J.M. 2001 . From impersonal to personal: The role of media in framing social issues and shaping individual responses . Australian Journal of Psychology , 53 : 122 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter , W.J. 1988 . 3 strategies for elaborating the cultivation hypothesis . Journalism Quarterly , 65 ( 4 ) : 930 – 939 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheufele , D.A. , Hardy , B.W. , Brossard , D. , Waismel-Manor , I.S. and Nisbet , E. 2006 . Democracy based on difference: Examining the links between structural heterogeneity, heterogeneity of discussion networks, and democratic citizenship . Journal of Communication , 56 ( 4 ) : 728 – 753 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheufele , D.A. , Nisbet , M.C. , Brossard , D. and Nisbet , E.C. 2004 . Social structure and citizenship: Examining the impacts of social setting, network heterogeneity, and informational variables on political participation . Political Communication , 21 ( 3 ) : 315 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiappa , E. , Gregg , P.B. and Hewes , D.E. 2006 . Can one TV show make a difference? Will & Grace and the parasocial contact hypothesis . Journal of Homosexuality , 51 ( 4 ) : 15 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumann , D.W. 2004 . “ Media factors that contribute to a restriction of exposure to diversity ” . In The psychology of entertainment media , Edited by: Shrum , L.J. 233 – 251 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Segrin , C. and Nabi , R.L. 2002 . Does television viewing cultivate unrealistic expectations about marriage? . Journal of Communication , 52 ( 2 ) : 247 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanahan , J. 1993 . Television and the cultivation of environmental concern: 1988–1992 . Leicester, , England : University of Leicester Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shanahan , J. and McComas , K. 1997 . Television's portrayal of the environment: 1991–1995 . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 74 ( 1 ) : 147 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanahan , J. and McComas , K. 1999 . Nature stories: Depictions of the environment and their effects , Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shanahan , J. and Morgan , E.M. 1999 . Television and its viewers: Cultivation theory and research , Cambridge : University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shanahan , J. , Morgan , M. and Stenbjerre , M. 1997 . Green or brown? Television and the cultivation of environmental concern . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 41 ( 3 ) : 305 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrum , L.J. 2002 . “ Media consumption and perceptions of social reality: Effects and underlying processes ” . In Media effects: Advances in theory and research , Edited by: Bryant , J. and Zillman , D. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Shrum , L.J. , Burroughs , J.E. and Rindfleisch , A. 2004 . “ A process model of consumer cultivation: The role of television is a function of the type of judgment ” . In The psychology of entertainment media: Blurring the lines between entertainment and persuasion , Edited by: Shrum , L.J. 177 – 191 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Sparks , G.G. and Miller , W. 2001 . Investigating the relationship between exposure to television programs that depict paranormal phenomena and beliefs in the paranormal . Communication Monographs , 68 ( 1 ) : 98 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks , G.G. , Nelson , C.L. and Campbell , R.G. 1997 . The relationship between exposure to televised messages about paranormal phenomena and paranormal beliefs . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 41 ( 3 ) : 345 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , D. 2006 . Virtual cultivation: Online worlds, offline perceptions . Journal of Communication , 56 ( 1 ) : 69 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte , K. 1992 . Putting the fear back into fear appeals – the extended parallel process model . Communication Monographs , 59 ( 4 ) : 329 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yankelovich , D. 1991 . Coming to public judgment: Making democracy work in a complex world , Syracuse, NY : Syracuse University Press .
   Google Scholar