176
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Landscape, politics, environment

Losing faith in the land: changing environmental perceptions in Burunge country, Tanzania

&
Pages 247-265 | Received 14 Sep 2009, Published online: 28 Jun 2010

References

  • Adams , W. 1990 . Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World , London : Routledge .
  • Amsalu , A. 2006 . Caring for the Land: Best Practices in Soil and Water Conservation in Beressa Watershed, Highlands of Ethiopia , Wageningen : Wageningen University and Research Centre .
  • Amsalu , A. , Stroosnijder , L. and De Graaff , J. 2007 . Long-term Dynamics in Land Resource Use and the Driving Forces in the Beressa Watershed, Highlands of Ethiopia . Journal of Environmental Management , 83 : 448 – 59 .
  • Anderson , D.M. 1984 . Depression, Dust Bowl, Demography, and Drought: The Colonial State and Soil Conservation in East Africa During the 1930's . African Affairs , 83 : 321 – 43 .
  • Anderson D.M. Johnson D.H. “Introduction: Ecology and Society in Wortheast African History.” The Ecology of Survival. Case Studies from Northeast African History D. H. Johnson D. M. Anderson 1 24 London Lester Crook 1988
  • Backéus , I. , Rulangaranga , Z.K. and Skoglund , J. 1996 . “ The Dynamic Interrelationships between Vegetation and the Environment on the Formerly Eroded Kondoa Irangi Hills ” . In Changing Environments: Research on man-land interrelations in semi-arid Tanzania , Edited by: Christiansson , C. and Kikula , I.S. 54 – 63 . Nairobi : SIDA, Regional Soil Conservation Unit .
  • Backéus , I. , Rulangaranga , Z.K. and Skoglund , J. 1994 . Vegetation Changes on Formerly Overgrazed Hill Slopes in Semi-arid Central Tanzania . Journal of Vegetation Science , 5 : 327 – 36 .
  • Banyikwa F.F. I.S. Kikula S. Mohamed W. Rugumamu “Studies on Soil Erosion Control and Land Reclamation in Kondoa District: An Evaluation of HADO Project.” Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam 1979
  • Baumann , O. 1894 . Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle. Reisen und Forschungen der Massai-Expedition des deutshen Antisklaverei-Komite in den Jahren 1891–1893 , Berlin : Dietrich Raimer .
  • Berry , S. 1993 . No Condition is Permanent. The Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Sub-Saharan Africa , Madison, WI : The University of Wisconsin Press .
  • Carswell , G. 2007 . Cultivating Success in Uganda. Kigezi Farmers & Colonial Policies , London : The British Institute in East Africa with James Currey .
  • Christiansson , C. 1981 . Soil Erosion and Sedimentation in Semi-arid Tanzania. Studies of Environmental Change and Ecological Imbalance , Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies .
  • Cliffe L. J. Saul Socialism in Tanzania: An Interdisciplinary Reader. Vol. 1, Politics Dar es Salaam East African Publishing House 1972
  • Conte , C. 2004 . Highland Sanctuary: Environmental History in Tanzania's Usambara Mountains , Athens, OH : Ohio University Press .
  • Coulson , A. 1981 . “ Agricultural Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1946–76 ” . In Rural Development in Tropical Africa , Edited by: Heyer , J. , Roberts , P. and Williams , G. 52 – 89 . London : Macmillan .
  • Croll , E. and Parkin , D. 1992 . “ Cultural Understandings of the Environment ” . In Bush Base: Culture, Environment and Development , Edited by: Croll , E. and Parkin , D. 11 – 38 . London : Routledge .
  • Dahlberg A.C. P.M. Blaikie “Changes in Landscape or in Interpretation? An Environmental History from North East District, Botswana.” In Interpretations of Environmental Change and Diversity. A Study from North East District, Botswana , A.C. Dahlberg 1 48 University Dissertation Series No.7 Stockholm Department of Physical Geography Stockholm 1996
  • De Bruijn , M.E. and Van Dijk , J.W.M. 1995 . Arid Ways: Cultural Understandings of Insecurity in Fulbe Society, Central Mali , Amsterdam : Thela .
  • Eriksson M.G. Landscape and Soil Erosion Hstory in Central Tanzania. A Study Based on Lacustrine, Colluvial and Alluvial Deposits Dissertation Series Vol 12 Stockholm The Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University 1998
  • Eriksson M.G. W. Östberg “Finding a Place to Live – Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Settlements and its Effects on Soil Erosion in the Burunge Hills, Central Tanzania.” Unpublished manuscript, in possession of authors, n.d
  • Feierman , S. 1990 . Peasant Intellectuals. Anthropology and History in Tanzania , Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin Press .
  • Fosbrooke H.A. “The Fight to Rescue a District.“ East African Annual 1950–51 168 70
  • Giblin , J. and Maddox , G. 1996 . “ Introduction ” . In Custodians of the Land. Ecology & Culture in the History of Tanzania , Edited by: Maddox , G. , Giblin , J. and Kimambo , I.N. 1 – 14 . London : James Currey .
  • Håkansson , N.T. and Widgren , M. 2007 . Labour and Landscapes: The Political Economy of Landesque Capital in Nineteenth Century Tanganyika . Geografiska Annaler , 89B : 233 – 48 .
  • Håkansson , N.T. , Widgren , M. and Börjeson , L/ . 2008 . Introduction: Historical and Regional Perspectives on Landscape Transformations in Northeastern Tanzania, 1850–2000 . International Journal of African Historical Studies , 41 ( 3 ) : 369 – 82 .
  • Havnevik , K.J. 1993 . Tanzania: The Limits to Development from Above , Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies .
  • Hydén , G. 1980 . Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Iliffe , J. 1995 . The Africans: History of a Continent , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Iliffe , J. 1979 . A Modern History of Tanganyika , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kannenberg , H. 1900 . “ Reise durch die hamitischen Sprachgebiete um Kondoa ” . In Mitteilungen von forschungsreisenden und gelehrten aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Dreizehnter band , Edited by: Freiherr , D. v. 144 – 72 . Berlin : Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn .
  • Kesby J.D. “Progress and the Past among the Rangi of Tanzania.” Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kent 1982
  • Kikula , I.S. 2004 . “ Back to Office Report After a Visit to the HADO Project Area in March 1997 ” . In Geophysical and Socio-Political Dynamics of Environmental Conservation in Kondoa District , Edited by: Mung'ong'o , C.G. , Kikula , I.S. and Mwalyosi , R.B.B. 160 – 6 . Dar es Salaam : Dar es Salaam University Press .
  • Kjekshus H. Ecology Control & Economic Development in East African History: The Case of Tanganyika 1850–1950 , 2nd. rev. ed London James Curry 1996 First published 1977
  • Koponen , J. 1994 . Development for Exploitation. German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884–1914 , Hamburg : Lit Verlag .
  • Koponen , J. 1988 . People and Production in Late Precolonial Tanzania. History and Structures , Juväskylä : Finnish Society for Development Studies .
  • Kopytoff , I. 1987 . “ The Internal African Frontier: The Making of African Political Culture ” . In The African Frontier , Edited by: Kopytoff , I. 3 – 85 . Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press .
  • Lane , P. 2009 . Environmental Narratives and the History of Soil Erosion in Kondoa District, Tanzania: An Archaeological Perspective . International Journal of African Historical Studies , 42 ( 3 ) : 457 – 83 .
  • Lane , P. , Mapunda , B.B. and Eriksson , M.G. 2001 . Soil Erosion, Iron Smelting and Human Settlement in the Haubi Basin, North-central Tanzania . Antiquity , 75 : 803 – 4 .
  • Lindskog , P. and Tengberg , A. 1994 . Land Degradation, Natural Resources and Local Knowledge in the Sahel Zone of Burkina Faso . Geo-Journal , 33 : 365 – 75 .
  • Maack , P.A. 1996 . “ We Don't Want Terraces!' Protest & Identity under the Uluguru Land Usage Scheme ” . In Custodians of the Land. Ecology & Culture in the History of Tanzania , Edited by: Maddox , G. , Giblin , J.L. and Kimambo , I.N. 152 – 69 . London : James Currey .
  • Maddox , G.H. 1996 . Gender and Famine in Central Tanzania: 1916–1961 . African Studies Review , 39 : 83 – 111 .
  • Maddox , G.H. 1986 . Nja: Food Shortages and Famines in Tanzania between the Wars . International Journal of African Historical Studies , 19 : 17 – 34 .
  • Madulu , N.F. 2004 . “ Population Dynamics and Settlement Patterns ” . In Geophysical and Socio-Political Dynamics of Environmental Conservation in Kondoa District , Edited by: Mung'ong'o , C.G. , Kikula , I.S. and Mwalyosi , R.B.B. 86 – 105 . Dar es Salaam : Dar es Salaam University Press .
  • Mbegu A.C. W.C. Mlenge “Ten Years of HADO, 1973–83.” Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Forestry Division, Dar es Salaam 1983
  • Meze-Hausken , E. 2004 . Contrasting Climate Variability and Meteorological Drought with Perceived Drought and Climate Change in Northern Ethiopia . Climate Research , 27 : 19 – 31 .
  • Mortimore , M.J. and Adams , W.M. 2001 . Farmer Adaptation, Change and ‘Crisis’ in the Sahel . Global Environmental Change , 11 : 49 – 57 .
  • Mung'ong'o , C.G. 1995 . Social Processes and Ecology in the Kondoa Irangi Highlands, Central Tanzania , Stockholm : Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University .
  • Niemeijer , D. 1996 . The Dynamics of African Agricultural History: Is it Time for a New Development Paradigm? . Development and Change , 27 : 87 – 110 .
  • Obst , E. 1915 . Das abfluβlose Rumpfschollenland im Deutch-Ostafrika. Bericht über eine Hamburgischen Geographischen Gesellschaft in den Jahren 1911/12 ausgeführte Fohrschungsreise , Hamburg : L.Friederishsen & Co. .
  • Östberg , W. 1986 . The Kondoa Transformation. Coming to Grips with Soil Erosion in Central Tanzania , Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies .
  • Östberg , W. 1994 . Madah. Ujenzi wa jamii mpya. Utafiti wa binadamu na mazingira Mikoa ya kati Tanzania , EDSU na IRA : Stockholm University and University of Dar es Salaam .
  • Östberg , W. 1995 . Land is Coming Up: The Burunge of Central Tanzania and their Environments , Stockholm : Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology, Stockholm University .
  • Östberg W. “Some Struggle for a Living, Some Make Money – as the Soil Floats down the Slopes. Land Management Strategies in Burunge Hills, Central Tanzania.“ Changing Environments. Research on Man-Land Interrelations in Semi-Arid Tanzania C. Christiansson I.S. Kikula I.S. 96 105 Nairobi Regional Soil Conservation Unit, Sida 1996
  • Östberg , W. 2000 . “ Eroded Consensus: Donors and the Dilemmas of Degradation in Kondoa, Central Tanzania ” . In Producing Nature and Poverty in Africa , Edited by: Broch-Due , V. and Schroeder , R. 243 – 76 . Uppsala : Nordic Africa Institute .
  • Patton , M. 1971 . Dodoma Region 1929–1959. A History of Famine , Vol. 44 , Dar es Salaam : UDSM/BRALUP .
  • Raikes , P. 1986 . “Eating the Carrot and Wielding the Stick: The Agricultural Sector in Tanzania” . In Tanzania – Crisis and Struggle for Survival , Edited by: Boesen , J. , Havnevik , K. , Koponen , J. and Odgaard , R. 105 – 41 . Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies .
  • Reche , O. 1914 . Zur ethnographie des abfluβlosen Gebietes Deutch-Ostafrikas , Hamburg : L.Friedlichsen & Co. .
  • Reij C. I. Scoones and C. Toulmin Sustaining the Soil: Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation in Africa London Earthscan 1996
  • Reij , C. and Waters-Bayer , A. 2001 . Farmer Innovation in Africa: A Source of Inspiration for Agricultural Development , London : Earthscan .
  • Richards , P. 1986 . Coping with Hunger: Hazard and Experiment in an African Rice Farming System , London : Allen & Unwin .
  • Roe , E. , Huntsinger , L. and Labnow , K. 1998 . High Reliability Pastoralism . Journal of Arid Environments , 39 : 39 – 55 .
  • Sayers , G.F. 1930 . The Handbook of Tanganyika , London : Macmillan .
  • Slegers M.F.W. Exploring Farmers' Perceptions of Drought in Tanzania and Ethiopia Tropical Resource Management Papers. Wageningen: Wageningen University and Research Centre 2008
  • Slegers , M.F.W. 2008 . “If Only it Would Rain': Farmers' Perceptions of Rainfall and Drought in Semi-arid Central Tanzania.” . Journal of Arid Environments , 72 ( 11 ) : 2106 – 23 .
  • Slegers , M.F.W. and Stroosnijder , L. 2008 . “Beyond the Desertification Narrative: An Agricultural Drought Framework for Semi-arid East Africa” . Ambio , 37 ( 5 ) : 372 – 80 .
  • Slegers M.F.W. W. Östberg “The Strength of the Land and the Missing Rains – Environmental Change in Goima, Tanzania, and Farmers' Growing Concerns.” In Exploring Farmers' Perceptions of Drought in Tanzania and Ethiopia M.F.W. Slegers 129 150 Tropical Resource Management Papers. Wageningen: Wageningen University and Research Centre 2008
  • Slegers , M.F.W. , Zougmoré , R. and Stroosnijder , L. 2005 . Closing the Gap between Priority Problems for Natural Resource Management in Burkina Faso: Exploring Drought Perceptions of Farmers and Natural Resource Management Institutions , Wageningen : Wageningen University and Research Centre/ICRISAT .
  • Spear T. R. Waller Being Maasai: Ethnicity & Identity in East Africa London James Currey 1993
  • Strauss , S. and Orlove , B.S. 2003 . “ Up in the Air: The Anthropology of Weather and Climate ” . In Weather, Climate, Culture , Edited by: Strauss , S. and Orlove , B.S. 3 – 16 . Oxford/New York : Berg .
  • Stuhlmann , F. 1894 . Mit Emin Pascha in Herz von Afrika: ein Reisebericht , Berlin : Deutsch Ost Afrika .
  • Sutton , J. 1989 . Towards a History of Cultivating the Fields . Azania , 24 : 98 – 112 .
  • Tanzania Government “The Threat of Desertification in Central Tanzania.” A technical paper prepared for the United Nations Conference on Desertification August 24–September 9, Dar es Salaam 1977
  • Tosi J.A. G.S. Hartshorn C.A. Quesada “HADO Project Development Study and Status of Catchment Forestry.” A report to SIDA and the Forest Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania, Tropical Science Center, San José 1982
  • von Götzen G.A. Durch Afrika von ost nach west. Resultate und begebenheiten einer Reise von der Deutsch-Ostafrikanischen Küste bis zur Kongomündung in den Jahren 1893/94 Berlin Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer 1895
  • Watts , M.J. and Bohle , H.G. 1993 . “Hunger, Famine and the Space of Vulnerability” . Geo-Journal , 30 : 117 – 25 .
  • Yanda , P.Z. and Kangalawe , R.Y.M. 2004 . “ Land Tenure and Land Use Dynamics ” . In Geophysical and Socio-Political Dynamics of Environmental Conservation in Kondoa District , Edited by: Mung'ong'o , C.G. , Kikula , I.S. and Mwalyosi , R.B.B. 106 – 38 . Dar es Salaam : Dar es Salaam University Press .
  • Young , R. and Fosbrooke , H. 1960 . Land and Politics among the Luguru of Tanganyika , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
  • Ziervogel , G. , Nyong , A. , Osman-Elasha , B. , Conde , C. , Cortés , S. and Downing , T. 2008 . “Household Food Security and Climate Change: Comparisons from Nigeria, Sudan, South Africa and Mexico” . In Climate Change and Vulnerability , Edited by: Leary , N. , Conde , C. , Kulkarni , J. , Nyong , A. and Pulhin , J. 173 – 97 . London : Earthscan .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.