593
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Eastern Africa's international ‘partners’

Abandoned orphan, wayward child: the United Kingdom and Belgium in Rwanda since 1994

Pages 341-360 | Received 28 Dec 2008, Published online: 28 Jun 2010

References

  • 11.11.11 . “ Lettre ouverte à Louis Michel et Marc Verwilghen .” Brussels: 11.11.11 , 2003 .
  • Baaré , A. , Shearer , D. and Uvin , P. 1999 . The Limits and Scope for the Use of Development Assistance Incentives and Disincentives for Influencing Conflict Situations. Case Study: Rwanda , Paris : OECD .
  • Belgian Senate . “ Commission d'enquête parlementaire concernant les événements du Rwanda .” Sénat de Belgique, Brussels , 1998 .
  • Belgian Senate . “ Commission d'enquête parlementaire chargée d'enquêter sur l'exploitation et le commerce légaux et illégaux de richesses naturelles dans la région des Grands Lacs au vu de la situation conflictuelle actuelle et de l'implication de la Belgique .” Sénat de Belgique, Brussels , 2003 .
  • Braeckman , C. 2003 . Les nouveaux prédateurs. Politique des puissances en Afrique centrale , Paris : Fayard .
  • Chossudovsky , M. Rwanda: Installing a US Protectorate in Central Africa . Montreal: Center for Research on Globalization , 2003 .
  • Clément , C. , and C. Roosens . “ La Belgique et le Congo: dimensions internationales et internes .” In La Belgique et l'Afrique Centrale: de 1960 à nos jours , O. Lanotte , C. Roosens , and C. Clément , 17 50 . Brussels : GRIP and Editions Complexe , 2000 .
  • de Lame , D. 2003 . Deuil, commémoration, justice dans les contextes rwandais et belge: otages existentiels et enjeux politiques . Politique africaine , 92 : 39 – 58 .
  • Debar , J. , R. Renard , and F. Reyntjens . “ Coherent Approaches to Complex Political Emergencies: Belgium and the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa .” In Policy Coherence in Development Co-operation , J. Forster , and O. Stokke , 429 61 . London : Frank Cass , 1999 .
  • Department for International Development (DFID) . Country Strategy Paper: Rwanda . London : DFID , 1999 .
  • DFID . Departmental Report 2002 . London : DFID , 2002 .
  • DFID . Departmental Report 2004 . London : DFID , 2004 .
  • DFID . Departmental Report 2005 . London : DFID , 2005 .
  • DFID . Departmental Report 2007 . London : DFID , 2007 .
  • DFID . Poverty Reduction Budget Support. A DFID Policy Paper . London : DFID , 2004 .
  • DFID . Rwanda Country Assistance Plan . London : DFID , 2004 .
  • DFID . Statistics on International Development 1997/98 – 2001/02 . London : DFID , 2002 .
  • Direction-Générale de la Coopération au Développement (DGCD) . Note stratégique Rwanda . Brussels : SPF Affaires Etrangères , Commerce Extérieur et Coopération au Développement; Direction-Générale de la Coopération au Développement , 2002 .
  • Dorman , S.R. 2006 . Post-liberation Politics in Africa: Examining the Political Legacy of Struggle . Third World Quarterly , 27 : 1085 – 101 .
  • Government of Belgium . Construction de la paix dans la Région des Grands Lacs: Un plan d'action belge . Brussels : Government of Belgium , 2001 .
  • Government of Belgium . “ Note de politique générale du ministre de la coopération au développement pour l'année budgétaire 2004 .” Chambre des Representants de Belgique, Brussels , 2003 .
  • Hayman , R. “ Rwanda: Milking the Cow? Creating Policy Space in Spite of Aid Dependence .” In The Politics of Aid. African Strategies for Dealing with Donors , L. Whitfield , 156 84 . Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2009 .
  • Hayman , R. “ From Rome to Accra via Kigali: ‘Aid Effectiveness’ in Rwanda .” Development Policy Review 27 2009 : 581 99 .
  • Hayman , R. 2009 . Going in the ‘Right’ Direction? Democracy Promotion in Rwanda since 1990 . Taiwan Journal of Democracy , 5 : 51 – 75 .
  • Hayman , R. 2007 . Are the MDGs enough? Donor Perspectives and Recipient Visions of Education and Poverty Reduction in Rwanda . International Journal of Educational Development , 27 : 371 – 82 .
  • Hayman , R. “ The Complexity of Aid: Government Strategies, Donor Agendas and the Coordination of Development Assistance in Rwanda 1994–2004 ” Ph.D diss., School of Social and Political Studies, University of Edinburgh , 2006 .
  • Healey , J. “ UK Aid Management .” In How European Aid Works. A Comparison of Management Systems and Effectiveness , A. Cox , J. Healey , and A. Koning , . London : Overseas Development Institute , 1997 .
  • Huliaris , A.C. “The ‘Anglophone Conspiracy’: French Perceptions of the Great Lakes Crisis.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 36 1998 : 593 609 .
  • Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP) . Building Lasting Peace in Rwanda: Voices of the People . Kigali : Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace , 2003 .
  • International Crisis Group . Fin de Transition au Rwanda: une libéralisation politique nécessaire . Africa Report, no. 53 . Brussels : International Crisis Group , November 13, 2002 .
  • Killick , T. , M. Katumanga , and L.-H. Piron . “ The Implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Governments of Rwanda and the United Kingdom: Report of Independent Monitors .” Department for International Development, London, 2005 .
  • Lancaster , C. Foreign Aid. Diplomacy, Development, Domestic Politics . Chicago, IL and London : University of Chicago Press , 2007 .
  • Lanotte , O. “ La Belgique et le génocide rwandais en 1994: la stratégie ‘Ponce Pilate ”. In La Belgique et l'Afrique Centrale de 1960 à nos jours , O. Lanotte , C. Roosens , and C. Clement , 273 84 . Brussels : GRIP , 2000 .
  • Marriage , Z. 2006 . Defining Morality: Dfid and the Great Lakes . Third World Quarterly , 27 : 477 – 90 .
  • Melvern , L. 2004 . Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide , London and New York : Verso .
  • Melvern , L. and Williams , P. 2004 . Britannia Waived the Rules: The Major Government and the 1994 Rwandan Genocide . African Affairs , 103 : 1 – 22 .
  • Ministry of Finance . “ Aid Effectiveness Report Rwanda .” Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Kigali, November 2006 .
  • Ministry of Finance . “ 2007 Government of Rwanda and Development Partners Retreat. Rubavu, Rwanda, March 9–10, 2007. Draft report .” Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Kigali, 2007 .
  • Oomen , B. 2005 . Donor-driven Justice and its Discontents: The Case of Rwanda . Development and Change , 36 : 887 – 910 .
  • Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) . “ International Development Statistics (Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows Part I) ” ESDS International, (MIMAS) University of Manchester, April 2007 .
  • Porteous , T. 2005 . British Government Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa under New Labour . International Affairs , 81 : 281 – 97 .
  • Porteous , T. 2008 . Britain in Africa , London : Zed Books .
  • Pottier , J. 2002 . Reimagining Rwanda. Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Prunier , G. 2002 . The Rwanda crisis: History of a Genocide , London : Hurst & Company .
  • Rafti , M. “ The Rwandan Political Opposition in Exile: A Valid Interlocutor vis-à-vis Kigali? ” IDPM-UA Discussion Paper (2004–1). University of Antwerp , 2004 .
  • Renard , R. and Reyntjens , F. 1995 . “ Aid and Conditionality: The Case of Belgium, with Particular Reference to Burundi, Rwanda and Zaire ” . In Aid and Political Conditionality , Edited by: Stokke , O. 88 – 109 . London : Frank Cass .
  • Reyntjens , F. 1999 . A Dubious Discourse on Rwanda . African Affairs , 98 : 119 – 22 .
  • Reyntjens , F. “ Again at the Crossroads – Rwanda and Burundi, 2000–2001 .” Current African Issues 24 2001 .
  • Reyntjens , F. 2004 . Rwanda, Ten Years On: From Genocide to Dictatorship . African Affairs , 103 : 177 – 210 .
  • Reyntjens , F. , and V. Parqué . “ La diplomatie belge face aux crises rwandaises ” In La Belgique et l'Afrique Centrale de 1960 à nos jours , 1990–1999 O. Lanotte , C. Roosens , and C. Clement , 237 45 . Brussels : GRIP , 2000 .
  • Riddell , R.C. 2007 . Does Foreign Aid Really Work? , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Rosoux , V. “ La ‘diplomatie morale’ de la Belgique à l'épreuve .” Critique Internationale 15 2002 .
  • Short , C. 2004 . An Honourable Deception? New Labour, Iraq, and the Misuse of Power , London : The Free Press .
  • Storey , A. “ Storylines, Scapegoats and State Power: Discursive Representations of the Rwandan Economy .” Ph.D diss., School of Sociology and Social Policy, Queen's University, Belfast, 2003 .
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) . Round Table Conference for Rwanda (Mid-Term Review) – Report of the Conference . Kigali, July 6–7, 1995. Round Table Conference for Rwanda .
  • UNDP . Round Table Conference for Rwanda, Report of the Conference . Geneva, January 18–19, 1995. Round Table Conference for Rwanda, UNDP .
  • UNDP . Round Table Conference for Rwanda: Report of the Conference . Geneva, June 20–21, 1996. Round Table Conference for Rwanda, UNDP .
  • Unsworth , S. , and P. Uvin . “ A New Look at Civil Society Support in Rwanda? ” Unpublished paper, 2002 .
  • Uvin , P. 1998 . Aiding Violence. The Development Enterprise in Rwanda , West Hartford, CT : Kumarian Press .
  • van Hoyweghen , S. “ From Human(itarian) Disaster to Development Success? The Case of Rwanda .” Centre for Development Studies, University of Leeds, 2000 .
  • Verwimp , P. , and E. Vanheusden . “ The Foreign Policy of Belgium during the Zaire/Congo Crisis: March 1996–March 1997 .” In War and Peace in Zaire/Congo , H. Adelman and G.C. Rao , 307 32 . Trenton, NJ, Asmara, Eritrea : Africa World Press , 2003 .
  • Willame , J.-C. 1997 . Les Belges au Rwanda: le parcours de la honte. Commission Rwanda: quels enseignements? , Brussels : GRIP .
  • Willame , J.-C. 2000 . “ Le génocide rwandais et la ‘communauté internationale’ ” . In La Belgique et l'Afrique Centrale de 1960 à nos jours , Edited by: Lanotte , O. , Roosens , C. and Clement , C. Brussels : GRIP .
  • Williams , P. 2004 . “ Britain and Africa after the Cold War: Beyond Damage Limitation? ” . In Africa in International Politics , Edited by: Taylor , I. and Williams , P. 41 – 60 . New York : Routledge .
  • World Bank . “ Rwanda: Country Assistance Strategy – Progress Report .” Washington, DC : World Bank , 1999 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.