245
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Early colonial conflicts

In the shadow of the tree sultans: African elites and the shaping of early colonial politics on the Katangan frontier, 1906–17

Pages 535-552 | Received 20 Sep 2010, Accepted 26 Apr 2011, Published online: 18 Oct 2011

References

  • Annales Apostolique . “ Deux Chefs Indigenes Baptises au Moment du Mourir .” 1933 .
  • Brabant . “ Ecole des Missions .” Le Messager du Saint-Esprit , 30 1938 : 1 – 3 .
  • Braine-L'alleud St. Joseph . Archives de la Congrégation des Pères du Saint Esprit, Chevilly La Rue, Paris (CSSp), 7J1.3a2 , 1912 .
  • Bulletin de la Congregation . 315. CSSp, Mission du Katanga Nord 1913 : 117 – 30 .
  • Commissaire de district du Tanganika-Möero au Vice-Gouverneur Général du Katanga . Johann Maximilien Kesler . Archives Africaines: Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Bruxelles, Service Personnel Africaine (AAB, SPA), 4500, Katanga, 777 , 1914 : 1 – 2 .
  • Coussement, Jean Baptist . Copie: Expose de l'Affaire . AAB, SPA, 10802, Congo, 2070 1918 : 1 .
  • Coussement, Jean Baptiste . Historique de la Chefferie des Kalonda . Archives Africaines: Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Bruxelles, Affaires Indigènes 91, Thomas Reefe Papers (AAB, AI 91, TRP), Bureau des Affairs Politiques, Dossiers des Chefs, District du Tanganika-Moëro, Territoire de Kongolo 1913 : 1 .
  • Chanock , Martin . Law, Custom, and Social Order: The Colonial Experience in Malawi and Zambia . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1985 .
  • Delcommune , Alexandre . L'Avenir du Congo Belge Menacé . Bruxelles , 1921 .
  • Delcommune , Alexandre . Vingt Années de Vie Africaine. Récits de Voyages, d'Aventures et d'Exploration du Congo Belge, 1874–1893 . Bruxelles , 1922
  • Demeulemeester . François Ami Grasset . AAB, SPA, 9175, Congo 1608, Gouvernement Général – Secrétariat Général, Dossier Grasset A, 11e Section, Boma 1918 : 1 – 2 .
  • Ecoles Rurales de la Mission de Lubunda . Archives de la Congrégation des Pères du Saint Esprit, Chevilly La Rue, Paris, 7J2.1G .
  • Heremans , Roger . l’Éducation dans les Missions des Pères Blancs en Afrique Centrale (1879–1914): Objectifs et Réalisations . Bruxelles : Editions Nauwelaerts , 1983 .
  • Hochschild , Adam . King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Central Africa London : Pan , 2002 .
  • Iliffe , John . A Modern History of Tanganyika . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1979 .
  • Jewsiewick i, Bogumil . “ African Peasants in the Totalitarian Colonial Society of the Belgian Congo .” In Peasants in Africa: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives , M . Klein , 45 – 75 . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage , 1983 .
  • Jewsiewicki , Bogumil . “ Belgian Africa .” In The Cambridge History of Africa . Vol. 7, From 1905 to 1940, ed. Andrew Roberts, 460–93 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 .
  • Jewsiewicki , Bogumil. 1980 . Political Consciousness among African Peasants in the Belgian Congo.” Special issue on Consciousness and Class . Review of African Political Economy , 19 ( 7 ) : 23 – 32 .
  • Koren , Henry J . The Spiritans: A History of the Congregation of the Holy Ghost . Pittsburgh, PA: Editions Spiritus Rhenen, U , 1958 .
  • Le Messanger du Saint-Esprit . Archives de la Congrégation des Pères du Saint Esprit, Chevilly La Rue, Paris, 7J1.4.4 .
  • Leonardi , Cherry . “ Violence, Sacrifice, and Chiefship in Central Equatoria, Southern Sudan .” Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute , 77 2007 : 535 – 58 .
  • Les Filles de la Croix en partance pour Lubunda , 1912 . Archives de la Congrégation des Pères du Saint Esprit, Chevilly La Rue, Paris, 7J1.4a4.
  • Maemans . Historique de la Chefferie des Kalonda . Africaines: Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Bruxelles, Affaires Indigènes 91, Thomas Reefe Papers (AAB, AI 91, TRP), Bureau des Affairs Politiques, Dossiers des Chefs, District du Tanganika-Moëro, Territoire de Kongolo , 1925 : 2 .
  • Markowitz , Marvin . Cross and Sword: The Political Role of Missions in the Belgian Congo, 1908–1960. Stanford : Hoover Institute , 1973 .
  • Maxwell , David . “ Christianity ,” Oxford Handbook of African History . Forthcoming .
  • Maxwell , David . Christians and Chiefs in Zimbabwe: A Social History of the Hwesa People, c.1870s–1990s . Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press , 1999 .
  • Mission du Sacre Cæur de Marie de Kongolo . Journal du mai 1909 au 5 juillet 1918 . Archives de la Congrégation des Pères du Saint Esprit, Chevilly La Rue, Paris (CSSp), 7J2.1b .
  • Mission du Sacre Cæur de Marie de Kongolo , 1909–1959, CSSp, 7J1.6a6.1 .
  • Morel , Edmund . A Memorial on Native Rights in the Land and its Fruits in the Congo territories annexed by Belgium (subject to international recognition) in August, 1908 . London : Congo Reform Association , 1909 .
  • Northrup , David . Beyond the Bend in the River: African Labour in Eastern Zaire, 1865–1940. Athens : Ohio University Press , 1988 .
  • Northrup , David. 1988 . A Church in Search of a State: Catholic Missions in Eastern Zaire, 1879–1930 . A Journal of Church and State , 30 ( 2 ) : 309 – 19 .
  • Nzongola-Ntalaja , Georges . The Congo From Leopold to Kabila: A People's History . London : Zed Books , 2002 .
  • Peel , J.D.Y . Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba . Bloomington : Indiana University Press , 2003 .
  • Peemans , Jean-Philippe . “ Capital Accumulation in the Congo Under Colonialism: The Role of the State .” In Colonialism in Africa, 1870–1960. Vol. 4 , The Economics of Colonialism , Peter Duignan and L.H. Gann , 165 – 212 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1975 .
  • Petit Echo , Supplément: Notices Nécrologique, Archives Générales des Missionnaires de l'Afrique, Rome .
  • Rapport Annuel . Bruges-Saint-Donat, 1910–1911; 1911–1912; 1912–1913; 1914–1915; 1916–1917 . Archives Générales des Missionnaires de l'Afrique, Rome , 1911 – 1918 .
  • Reefe , Thomas Q . The Rainbow and the Kings: A History of the Luba Empire to 1891 . Berkeley : University of California Press , 1981 .
  • Secrétariat-Général – Personnel . Jean Baptiste Coussement . 5108, AAB, SPA, 17629, Congo 2839 , 1 .
  • Shorter , Aylward . Cross and Flag in Africa: The “White Fathers” during the Colonial Scramble (1892–1914) . New York : Orbis Books , 2006
  • Shorter , Aylward . Victor Roelens, 1856–1947 . Available from http://www.dacb.org/stories/demrepcongo/roelens_victor.html .
  • Sizaire , Violaine , Donatien Dibwe Dia Mwembu , and Bogumil Jewsiewicki . Femmes, Mode, Musique: Mémoires de Lubumbashi . Paris : L'Harmattan , 2002 .
  • Strachan , Hew . The First World War in Africa . Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004
  • Sundkler , Bengt , and Christopher Steed . A History of the Church in Africa . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2000 .
  • Van Rode , Lantonnois . “ Circulaire du 16 aout 1906 Commentant le Décret du 3 juin en Date de ce jour les Chefferies Indigenes .”  Bulletin Officiel de l’État Independent du Congo , 7 1906 : 395 – 9 .
  • Vansina , Jan . Being Colonized: The Kuba Experience in Rural Congo, 1880–1960 . Madison : University of Wisconsin Press , 2010 .
  • Vansina , Jan . Paths in the Rainforests: Toward a History of Political Tradition in Equatorial Africa . Madison : University of Wisconsin Press , 1990 .
  • Wauters , A.J. 1908 . Les Missions Catholiques au Congo Belge . Le Mouvement Géographique: Journal Populaire des Sciences Géographiques , 25 ( 43 ) : 608 – 9 .
  • Wauters , A.J . “ P. S. Récapitulation .” Le Mouvement Géographique: Journal Populaire des Sciences , 26 , 6 1909 : 187 – 9 .
  • Zvobgo , C.J.M . A History of Christian Missions in Zimbabwe, 1890–1939 . Gweru : Mambo Press , 1996 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.