Abyotawi democracy: neither revolutionary nor democratic, a critical review of EPRDF's conception of revolutionary democracy in post-1991 Ethiopia

References

• Aalen , Lovise . Ethnic Federalism in a Dominant Party State: The Ethiopian Experience 1991–2000 . Chr. Michelsen Institute, Report , 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Aalen , Lovise, . 2002 . Siegfried Pausewang, and Kjetil Tronvoll. Ethiopia since the Derg, A Decade of Democratic Pretension and Performance , London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Aalen , Lovise , and Kjetil Tronvoll . “ The 2008 Ethiopian Local Elections: The Return of Electoral Authoritarianism .” African Affairs . 108 , 430 2008 : 111 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aalen , Lovise , and Kjetil Tronvoll . “ The End of Democracy? Curtailing Political and Civil Rights in Ethiopia .” Review of African Political Economy 120 2009 : 193 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbink , Jon . “ Discomfiture of Democracy? The 2005 Election Crisis in Ethiopia and its Aftermath .” African Affairs 105 , 419 2006 : 173 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbink , Jon . “ The Ethiopian Second Republic and the Fragile ‘Social Contract’ .” Africa Spectrum 44 , 2 2009 : 3 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adal , Isaw . “ Revolutionary Democracy vs. Liberal Democracy: A Belated Reply to Yosyas Kifleyesus's Article .” Walta Information Center , June 15, 2010. http://www.waltainfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22008&Itemid=82
   Google Scholar
• Alemseged , Abbay . 2009 . Diversity and Democracy in Ethiopia . Journal of Eastern African Studies , 3 ( 2 ) : 175 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aregawi , Berhe . 2009 . A Political History of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (1975–1991) , Los Angeles , CA : Tsehai Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Badie , Bertrand . 1984 . Le Développement politique , Paris : Economica .
   Google Scholar
• Blondiaux , Loïc . 2008 . Le Nouvel Esprit de la démocratie, actualité de la démocratie participative , Paris : Seuil, La République des Idées .
   Google Scholar
• Buijtenhuis , Robert , and Céline Thiriot . Démocratisation en Afrique au Sud du Sahara (1992–1995) . Leyde : African Studies Center/Bordeaux: Centre d’Étude d'Afrique Noire , 1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Cahen , Michel . 2006 . Lutte d’émancipation anticoloniale ou mouvement de libération nationale? . Revue historique , 137 ( 1 ) : 113 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Camau , Michel and Geisser , Vincent . 2003 . Le Syndrome autoritaire: politique en Tunisie de Bourguiba à Ben Ali , Paris : Presses de Sciences Po .
   Google Scholar
• Dahl , Robert Alan . 1998 . On Democracy , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Darbon , Dominique La Politique des modèles en Afrique, simulation, dépolitisation et appropriation . Karthala : MSHA , 2009 .
   Google Scholar
• Darracq , Vincent . “ Entre libération nationale et social-démocratie: le changement partisan à l'African National Congress (ANC) dans l'Afrique du Sud post-apartheid .” Paper presented at the Centre d’Étude d'Afrique Noire , Bordeaux , France , June 10 2010 .
   Google Scholar
• EPRDF . Development, Democracy and Revolutionary Democracy . Adopted in the 4th General Assembly of the EPRDF . August 2006 .
   Google Scholar
• EPRDF . The Development Lines of Revolutionary Democracy . Addis Ababa 2000 (1992 Ethiopian Calendar). Translated from Amharic .
   Google Scholar
• EPRDF . EPRDF Statute /Draft/ . http://eprdf.org.et/ (accessed April 14, 2010) .
   Google Scholar
• EPRDF . EPRDF Program . http://eprdf.org.et/ (accessed April 14, 2010) .
   Google Scholar
• EPRDF . Report by the General Council of the Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front to the 7th EPRDF Congress /Draft/ . September 2008. http://eprdf.org.et/ (accessed April 14, 2010) .
   Google Scholar
• EPRDF . Strategy of Revolutionary Democracy, Tactics and the Question of Leadership . January 2007 .
   Google Scholar
• EPRDF . Yehadeg Abyotawi Democracy Program . 1991 (1983 Ethiopian Calendar). Translated from Amharic .
   Google Scholar
• Federal Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia . “ A Proclamation to Provide for Freedom of the Mass Media and Access to Information .” Proclamation no. 590/2008, 14th Year, no. 64, Addis Ababa, December 4 , 2008 .
   Google Scholar
• Federal Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia . “ A Proclamation to Provide for the Registration and Regulation of Charities and Societies .” Proclamation no. 621/2009, 15th Year, no. 25, Addis Ababa, February 13 , 2009 .
   Google Scholar
• Federal Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia . “ A Proclamation on Anti-Terrorism .” Proclamation no. 652/2009, 15th Year, no. 57, Addis Ababa, August 28 , 2009 .
   Google Scholar
• Foucher , Vincent . 2009 . Difficiles successions en Afrique subsaharienne: persistance et reconstruction du pouvoir personnel . Pouvoirs , 129 : 127 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Fontrier 1999 La Chute de la junte militaire éthiopienne . Paris: L'Harmattan
   Google Scholar
• Gebru , Tareke . 2009 . The Ethiopian Revolution, War in the Horn of Africa , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Geisser , Vincent , Massardier , Gilles , Camau , Michel and Dabène , Olivier . 2008 . Autoritarismes démocratiques et démocraties autoritaires au XXIe siècle: convergences nord – sud, mélanges offerts à Michel Camau , Paris : La Découverte .
   Google Scholar
• Hagmann , Tobias . “ Beyond Clannishness and Colonialism: Understanding Political Disorder in Ethiopia's Somali Region, 1991–2004 .” Journal of Modern African Studies 43 , 4 2005 : 509 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagmann , Tobias . “ Ethiopian Political Culture Strikes Back: A Rejoinder to J. Abbink .” African Affairs 105 , 421 2006 : 605 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassahun , Berhanu . “ Party Politics and Political Culture in Ethiopia .” In African Political Parties: Evolution, Institutionalisation and Governance , Mohamed M.A. Salih , 115 – 147 . London : Pluto Press/Addis Ababa: OSSREA , 2003 .
   Google Scholar
• Lallement , Michel . “ Relations industrielles et institutionnalisme aux Etats-Unis .” L'Année Sociologique 2 , 55 2005 : 365 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Lefort , René . “ Powers – Mengist – and Peasants in Rural Ethiopia: The May 2005 Elections .” Journal of Modern African Studies 45 , 2 2007 : 253 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefort , René . “ Powers – Mengist – and Peasants in Rural Ethiopia: The Post-2005 Interlude .” Journal of Modern African Studies 48 , 3 2010 : 435 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lénine, V.I. Que faire? Les questions brûlantes de notre mouvement . Paris: Éditions sociales, 1947 .
   Google Scholar
• Levitsky, Steven and A. Way Lucan , Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War . New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg , Staffan I. 2006 . Democracy and Elections in Africa , Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Löwy , Michael . 2010 . Rosa Luxemburg et le communisme . Actuel Marx , 2 ( 48 ) : 22 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Macpherson , Crawford . 1985 . Principes et Limites de la Démocratie Libérale , Paris : La Découverte, Boréal Express .
   Google Scholar
• Marik , Soma . 2008 . Reinterrogating the Classical Marxist Discourses of Revolutionary Democracy , Delhi : Aakar Books .
   Google Scholar
• Medhane , Tadesse and Young , John . 2003 . TPLF: Reform or Decline? . Review of African Political Economy , 30 ( 97 ) : 389 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Meles , Zenawi . “ Dead End Neo-Liberal Paradigm in the African Renaissance .” The Ethiopian Herald , February 15 , 2008 .
   Google Scholar
• Merera , Gudina . 2003 . Ethiopia, Competing Ethnic Nationalisms and the Quest for Democracy, 1960–2000 , Maastricht : Shaker/Addis Ababa: Chamber Printing House .
   Google Scholar
• Musso , Pierre . “ De la socio-utopie à la techno-utopie .” Manière de Voir, Le Monde Diplomatique , 112 , 2010 : 6 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Neculau , Adrian . 2008 . La Corruption de la relation d'aide dans un contexte social contrôlé . Nouvelle Revue de Psychosociologie , 2 ( 6 ) : 139 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Office for Government Communication Affairs . “ Neo-liberal behind US State Department, HRW Reports: GCAO .” The Ethiopian Herald , April 2 , 2010 .
   Google Scholar
• Office for Government Communication Affairs . “ No Amount of External Pressure Can Force Ethiopia to Abandon its Independent Path of Democracy and Development .” Walta Information Center . http://www.eprdf.org.et/EPRDFE/document/Response%20to%20HRW%20English.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Paulos , Milkias . “Ethiopia, the TPLF, and the Roots of the 2001 Political Tremor” . Northeast African Studies 10 , 2 2003 : 13 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Quantin , Patrick .“ La Difficile Consolidation des transitions démocratiques africaines des années 1990 .” In Démocratie d'ailleurs , Christophe Jaffrelot , 479 – 509 . Paris : Karthala , 2000 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosanvallon , Pierre . 2006 . La Contre-Démocratie , Paris : Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Rosanvallon , Pierre . 2008 . La Légitimité démocratique , Paris : Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Rostow , W.W. 1959 . The Stages of Economic Development . Economic History Review , 12 ( 1 ) : 1 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitter , Philippe . “Transitology: The Science or the Art of Democratization?” In The Consolidation of Democracy in Latin America , Joseph S. Tulchin and Bernice Romero , 11 – 41 . Boulder , CO : Lynne Rienner , 1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Sintomer , Yves . 2007 . Le Pouvoir au peuple , Paris : La Découverte .
   Google Scholar
• Tronvoll , Kjetil . 2009 . Ambiguous Elections: The Influence of Non-electoral Politics in Ethiopian Democratisation . Journal of Modern African Studies , 47 ( 3 ) : 449 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tronvoll , Kjetil . “ Briefing: The Ethiopian 2010 Federal and Regional Elections: Re-establishing the One-party State .” African Affairs 110 , 438 2011 : 121 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tronvoll , Kjetil . 2009 . War and the Politics of Identity in Ethiopia, The Making of Enemies and Allies in the Horn of Africa , London : James Currey .
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan , Sarah and Tronvoll , Kjetil . 2003 . The Culture of Power in Contemporary Ethiopian Political Life. Sida Studies 10 , Stockholm : SIDA .
   Google Scholar
• Yosyas , Kifleyesus . “Bashing Liberalism: Can ‘Revolutionary Democracy’ Be Democratic Without Espousing Liberalism?” Aigaforum , May 16, 2010. http://www.aigaforum.com/articles/Bashing_Liberalism.htm (accessed September 14, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Yosyas , Kifleyesus . “ To be (a Neoliberal) or not to be (a Liberal): A Rejoinder to Adal Isaw .” Aigaforum, nd. http://aigaforum.com/articles/to_be_or_not_to_be.pdf (accessed September 24, 2010) .
   Google Scholar
• Young , John . 1997 . Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia, The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zolberg Aristide R. “ The Structure of Political Conflict in the New States of Tropical Africa .” The American Political Science Review 62 , 1 (March 1968) : 70 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar