References
- Ahmed , Nebil . “A History of the Eritrean Muslim League (1946–50).” In Proceedings of a Workshop on Aspects of Eritrean History , Tekeste Melake , 129 – 148 . Asmara : Hdri , 2007 .
- Bruzzi , Silvia . “Il colonialism italiano e la Hatmiya in Eritrea (1890–1941): Sayyid Gaafar al-Mirghani e Sharia Alawiyya nelle fonti coloniali italiene.” Africa (Roma) 61 , no. 3/4 2006 : 435 – 453 .
- Dirar , Uoldelul Chelati. 2007 . Colonialism and the Construction of National Identities: The Case of Eritrea . Journal of Eastern African Studies , 1 ( 2 ) : 256 – 276 . doi: 10.1080/17531050701452556
- Ghebre Iyesus , Abba Isaak. 1996 . Arguments for Shedding Some Light on the Tigré Phenomenon , Asmara : MBY Pressing .
- Holt , P. M. 1970 . The Mahdist State in Sudan , Oxford : Clarendon .
- Karrar , Ali Salih. 1992 . The Sufi Brotherhoods in the Sudan , London : C. Hurst .
- Kramer , Robert S. 2010 . Holy City on the Nile: Omdurman During the Mahdiyya, 1885–1898 , Princeton : Markus Wiener .
- Miran , Jonathan. 2005 . A Historical Overview of Islam in Eritrea . Des Welt des Islams , 45 : 178 – 215 .
- Miran , Jonathan . “Constructing and Deconstructing the Tigre Frontier Space in the Long Nineteenth Century.” In History and Language of the Tigre-Speaking Peoples , Gianfrancesco Lusini , 33 – 50 . Naples : Università degli Studi di Napoli “L'orientale,” 2010 .
- Miran , Jonathan. 2009 . Red Sea Citizens: Cosmopolitan Society and Cultural Change in Massawa , Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
- Morley , John A.E. 1992 . Colonial Postscript: Diary of a District Officer , London : Radcliffe Press .
- Nadel , S. F. 1951 . Notes on Beni Amir Society . Sudan Notes and Records , 26 ( 1 ) : 51 – 94 .
- Ogbasellassie , Fekadu . “Shifta Problems in the Kebessa Regions of Eritrea (1947–1952).” In Proceedings of a Workshop on Aspects of Eritrean History , Tekeste Melake , 51 – 63 . Asmara : Hdri , 2007 .
- Pollera , Alberto . Le Popolazioni Indigene dell ‘Eritrea . Bologna : L. Cappelli , 1935 .
- Robinson , David. 2000 . Paths of Accommodation: Muslim Societies and French Colonial Authorities , Athens : Ohio University Press .
- Rossini , Carlo Conti. 1916 . Principli di Diritto Consuetudinario dell ‘Eritrea , Rome : Tipografia dell Unione Editrice .
- Seligman , C. G. and Seligman , Brenda Z. 1930 . Note on the History and Present Condition of the Beni-Amer (Southern Beja) . Sudan Notes and Records , 13 ( 1 ) : 83 – 97 .
- Tesfagiorgis , Mussie. 2010 . Eritrea (Africa in Focus) , Santa Barbara : ABC-CLIO .
- Tesfai , Alemseged. 2002 . Aynfelale: 1941–1950 , Asmara : Hdri .
- Venosa , Joseph L. “‘Because God has Given Us the Power of Reasoning’: Intellectuals, the Eritrean Muslim League and Early Nationalism, 1946–1950.” Northeast African Studies 12 , no. 2 2012 : 29 – 62 . doi: 10.1353/nas.2012.0052
- Vikør , Knut S. “Sufi Brotherhoods in Africa.” In The History of Islam in Africa , Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels . Athens : Ohio University Press , 2000 .
- Voll , John O. “A History of the Khatmiyyah Tariqah in the Sudan.” PhD diss., Harvard University , 1969 .