Trade networks and the practical norms of taxation at a border crossing between South Sudan and Northern Uganda

References

• Allen, Tim. “A Flight from Refuge.” In In Search of Cool Ground: War, Flight & Homecoming in Northeast Africa, 220–261. Trenton/Asmara: Africa World Press, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Arop, Arop Madut. The Genesis of Political Consciousness in South Sudan. Charleston: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, Ronald R. “The Evolution of Ethnicity Among the Acholi of Uganda: The Precolonial Phase.” Ethnohistory 36, no. 1 (1989): 19–43. doi:10.2307/482739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckert, Jens. “The Great Transformation of Embeddedness: Karl Polanyi and the New Economic Sociology.” Discussion Paper 07/1. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Bierschenk, Thomas. “States at Work in West Africa: Sedimentation, Fragmentation and Normative Double-Binds.” Working Paper No. 113. Mainz: Department of Anthropology and African Studies, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Bird, R. “Tax Challenges Facing Developing Countries: Background Paper for DFID Project ‘Taxation for Effective Governance and Shared Growth.’” London: Department for Internal Development (DFID), 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Blundo, Giorgio. “Dealing with the Local State: The Informal Privatization of Street-Level Bureaucracies in Senegal.” Development and Change 37, no. 4 (2006): 799–819. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2006.00502.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blundo, Giorgio, and Jean Pierre Olivier de Sardan. Everyday Corruption and the State: Citizens and Public Officials in Africa. London: Zed, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Boege, V., A. Brown, K. Clements, and A. Nolan, On Hybrid Political Orders and Emerging States: State Formation in the Context of ‘Fragility’. Berlin: Berghof Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Bräutigam, Deborah. “Close Encounters: Chinese Business Networks as Industrial Catalysts in Sub-Saharan Africa.” African Affairs 102, no. 408 (2003): 447–467. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a138824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Convert, Bernard, and Johan Heilbron. “Where Did the New Economic Sociology Come From?” Theory and Society 36, no. 1 (2007): 31–54. doi:10.1007/s11186-006-9020-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crisis States Research Centre (CSRC). War, State Collapse and Reconstruction: Phase 2 of the Crisis States Programme. Vol. 1. London: CSRC, 2006. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/839/.
   Google Scholar
• De Vries, L. A. Facing Frontiers: Everyday Practice of State-Building in South Sudan. Wageningen: Wageningen University Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Department for Internal Development (DFID). Support to South Sudan's Customs Development and Trade Facilitation. London: DFID, 2012. http://projects.dfid.gov.uk/project.aspx?Project = 202514/.
   Google Scholar
• Di John, Jonathan. “Taxation, Developmental State Capacity and Poverty Reduction.” International Journal of Social Welfare 20, no. 3 (2011): 270–279. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2397.2010.00772.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffield, Mark. Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Evers, Hans-Dieter, and Ozay Mehmet. “The Management of Risk: Informal Trade in Indonesia.” World Development 22, no. 1 (1994): 1–9. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(94)90164-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnström, Sverker. “Survival in War-Torn Uganda.” Anthropology Today 22, no. 2 (2006): 12–15. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2006.00423.x.
   Google Scholar
• Granovetter, Mark. “The Impact of Social Structure on Economic Outcomes.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 19, no. 1 (2005): 33–50. doi:10.1257/0895330053147958.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagmann, Tobias, and Didier Péclard. “Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa.” Development and Change 41, no. 4 (2010): 539–562. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2010.01656.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell-Bond, B., M. Leopold, and E. Voutira. “Counting the Refugees: Gifts, Givers, Patrons and Clients.” Journal of Refugee Studies 5, no. 3–4 (1992): 205–225. doi:10.1093/jrs/5.3-4.205.
   Google Scholar
• Helmke, Gretchen, and Steven Levitsky. “Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda.” Perspective on Politics 2, no. 4 (2004): 725–740. doi:10.1017/S1537592704040472.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Douglas H. The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars, Updated to the Peace Agreement. Bloomington: African Issues Indiana University Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, M. Inside West Nile: Violence, History, & Representation on an African Frontier. Vol. 47. Kampala: Fountain, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, M. “Crossing the Line: 100 Years of the North-West Uganda/South Sudan Border.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 3, no. 3 (2009): 464–478. doi:10.1080/17531050903273743.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsky, M. Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Lourenço-Lindell, Ilda. Walking the Tight Rope: Informal Livelihoods and Social Networks in a West African City. Stockholm: Department of Human Geography, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• MacGaffey, J. The Real Economy of Zaire: The Contribution of Smuggling & Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• MacGaffey, J., and R. Bazenguissa-Ganga. “Traders, Trade Networks and Research Methods.” In Congo–Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law, edited by J. MacGaffey and R. Bazenguissa-Ganga, 9–29. Oxford: African Issues, James Currey, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Manger, Leif O. Trade and Traders in the Sudan. Vol. 23. Bergen: Department of Social Anthropology, University of Bergen, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Marcus, George E. “Ethnography In/Of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995): 95–117. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meagher, Kate. “The Hidden Economy: Informal and Parallel Trade in Northwestern Uganda.” Review of African Political Economy, 47 (1990): 64–83. doi:10.1080/03056249008703848.
   Google Scholar
• Meagher, Kate. “The Strength of Weak States? Non-State Security Forces and Hybrid Governance in Africa.” Development and Change 43, no. 5 (2012): 1073–1101. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2012.01794.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meagher, Kate. Identity Economics: Social Networks and the Informal Economy in Nigeria. New York, NY: Boydell & Brewer, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Menkhaus, Ken. “The Rise of a Mediated State in Northern Kenya: the Wajir Story and its Implications for State-Building.” Afrika Focus 21, no. 2 (2008): 23–38.
   Google Scholar
• Nyaba, Peter Adwok. The Politics of Liberation in South Sudan: An Insider's View. Kampala: Fountain, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Nyaba, Peter Adwok. South Sudan: The State We Aspire To. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Olivier De Sardan, Jean-Pierre. Researching the Practical Norms of Real Governance in Africa. Africa, Power and Politics Programme Discussion Papers No. 5. London: ODI, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1957.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, A. “The Informal Economy and Its Paradoxes.” In The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by N. J. Smelser, and R. Swedberg, 426–447. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Prichard, Wilson. “Taxation and State Building: Towards a Governance Focused Tax Reform Agenda.” IDS Working Paper 341, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Rolandsen, Øystein H. Guerrilla Government: Political Changes in the Southern Sudan during the 1990s. Oslo: PRIO, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Schomerus, Mareike, and Kristof Titeca. “Deals and Dealings: Inconclusive Peace and Treacherous Trade Along the South Sudan–Uganda Border.” Africa Spectrum 47, no. 2–3 (2012): 5–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selassie, Zeru Gebre. Non-Oil Revenue Study of Southern Sudan, Volume II. Juba: Capacity Building Trust Fund (CBTF), 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, Aradhana. “Introduction: Rethinking Theories of the State in an Age of Globilization.” In The Anthropology of the State: A Reader, edited by Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta, 1–41. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, David, and Michael E. Bell. County and State Revenue in South Sudan: A Survey of Current Practices and Recommendations for Reform. Washington, DC: BRIDGE Program, USAID, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Stokes, Susan C. “Do Informal Institutions Make Democracy Work? Accounting for Accountability in Argentina.” Paper presented at the Informal Institutions and Politics in Latin America Conference, Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, USA, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Titeca, Kristof. “Tycoons and Contraband: Informal Cross-Border Trade in West Nile, North-Western Uganda.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 6, no. 1 (2012): 47–63. doi:10.1080/17531055.2012.664703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titeca, Kristof, and T. de Herdt. “Real Governance Beyond the ‘Failed State’: Negotiating Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” African Affairs 110, no. 439 (2011): 213–231. doi:10.1093/afraf/adr005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twijnstra, Rens. “Recycling Oil Money” Procurement Politics and (Un)Productive Entrepreneurship in South Sudan,” forthcoming (submitted for review) 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Twijnstra, Rens, and Kristof Titeca. “Everything Changes to Remain the Same? State Reform in South Sudan”, forthcoming.
   Google Scholar
• UBOS and BOU. The Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) Survey Report 2011, 2012. http://www.bou.or.ug/bou/publications_research/icbt.html/.
   Google Scholar
• Vlassenroot, Koen, and Timothy Raeymaekers. “New Political Order in the DR Congo? The Transformation of Regulation.” Afrika Focus 21, no. 2 (2008): 39–52.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, Geof. “Staying Secure, Staying Poor: The ‘Faustian Bargain.’” World Development 31, no. 3 (2003): 455–471. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00213-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank/IFC. Doing Business in Juba 2011: Comparing Business Regulation in Juba and 183 Economies. Washington, DC: World Bank/IFC, 2011.
   Google Scholar