‘Buying a path’: rethinking resistance in Rwanda

References

• Bierschenk, Thomas, and Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, eds. States at Work: Dynamics of African Bureaucracies. Africa-Europe Group for Interdisciplinary Studies, volume 12. Leiden: Brill, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Boeck, Filip de. Kinshasa: Tales of the Invisible City. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, David, and Frederick Golooba-Mutebi. “Developmental Patrimonialism? The Case of Rwanda.” African Affairs 111, no. 444 (2012): 379–403. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Certeau, Michel de. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Chemouni, Benjamin. “Explaining the Design of the Rwandan Decentralization: Elite Vulnerability and the Territorial Repartition of Power.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 8, no. 2 (2014): 246–262. doi:10.1080/17531055.2014.891800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Des Forges, Alison. “‘The Drum Is Greater that the Shout’: The 1912 Rebellion in Northern Rwanda.” In Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa, edited by Donald Crummey, 311–332. London: James Currey, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. London: Penguin Books, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books, 1995. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/random048/95203580.html.
   Google Scholar
• Goodfellow, Tom. “Taming the ‘Rogue’ Sector: Studying State Effectiveness in Africa through Informal Transport Politics.” Comparative Politics 47, no. 2 (2015): 127–147. doi:10.5129/001041515814224462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, Maia. “Making Africa Middle Class: From Poverty Reduction to the Production of Inequality in Tanzania.” ResearchGate 2, no. 2 (2015). doi:10.1002/sea2.12032.
   Google Scholar
• Ingelaere, Bert. “‘Does the Truth Pass across the Fire without Burning?’ Locating the Short Circuit in Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 47, no. 4 (2009): 507–528. doi:10.1017/S0022278X0999005X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingelaere, Bert. “Peasants, Power and Ethnicity: A Bottom-up Perspective on Rwanda’s Political Transition.” African Affairs 109, no. 435 (2010): 273–292. doi:10.1093/afraf/adp090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingelaere, Bert. “The Ruler’s Drum and the People’s Shout: Accountability and Representation on Rwanda’s Hills.” In Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by Scott Straus and Lars Waldorf, 67–78. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ingelaere, Bert. “From Model to Practice: Researching and Representing Rwanda’s ‘Modernized’ Gacaca Courts.” Critique of Anthropology 32, no. 4 (2012): 388–414. doi:10.1177/0308275X12456218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingelaere, Bert. “What’s on a Peasant’s Mind? Experiencing RPF State Reach and Overreach in Post-Genocide Rwanda (2000-10).” Journal of Eastern African Studies 8, no. 2 (2014): 214–230. doi:10.1080/17531055.2014.891783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamola, Isaac A. “The Global Coffee Economy and the Production of Genocide in Rwanda.” Third World Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2007): 571–592. doi:10.2307/20454947. doi: 10.1080/01436590701192975
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Statistics. “ The Evolution of Poverty in Rwanda from 2000 to 2011: Results from the Household Surveys (EICV).” 2012. Accessed January 2017. http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/evolution-poverty-rwanda-2000-2011-results-household-surveys-eicv.
   Google Scholar
• Newbury, Catharine. The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860–1960. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Newbury, David, and Catharine Newbury. “Bringing the Peasants Back In: Agrarian Themes in the Construction and Corrosion of Statist Historiography in Rwanda.” The American Historical Review 105, no. 3 (2000): 832–877. doi:10.2307/2651812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newbury, David. “Precolonial Burundi and Rwanda: Local Loyalties, Regional Royalties.” The International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 2 (2001): 255. doi:10.2307/3097483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortner, Sherry B. “Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 37, no. 1 (1995): 173–193. doi:10.1017/S0010417500019587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oz Architecture and Kigali City Council. “ Kigali Conceptual Masterplan.” 2007. Accessed January 2017. http://kcps.gov.rw/index.php/?id=21.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, Nicola. “Re-Examining Resistance in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 8, no. 2 (2014): 231–245. doi:10.1080/17531055.2014.891716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakodi, Carole. “Relationships of Power and Place: The Social Construction of African Cities.” Geoforum 37, no. 3 (2006): 312–317. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2005.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Republic of Rwanda. “ Law No 50/2007 of 18/09/2007 Determining the Establishment, Organisation and Functioning of Cooperative Organisations in Rwanda.” 2007. Accessed January 2017. http://www.rca.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/Ok_TEXT_COORDONNE_LOI_COOP_08082011.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rollason, Will. “Performance, Poverty and Urban Development: Kigali’s Motari and the Spectacle City.” Afrika Focus 26, no. 2 (2013): 9–29.
   Google Scholar
• Sahlins, Marshall David. “What Is Anthropological Enlightenment? Some Lessons of the Twentieth Century.” In Culture in Practice: Selected Essays, 501–529. New York: Zone Books, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, James C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, James C. “Resistance Without Protest and Without Organization: Peasant Opposition to the Islamic Zakat and the Christian Tithe.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, no. 3 (1987): 417–452. doi: 10.1017/S0010417500014663
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, James C. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Simone, A. M. For the City Yet to Come: Changing African Life in Four Cities. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Sommers, Marc. Stuck: Rwandan Youth and the Struggle for Adulthood. Athens; Washington, DC: University of Georgia Press; published in association with the United States Institute of Peace, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Straus, Scott, and Lars Waldorf. “Seeing like a Post-Conflict State.” In Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by Straus, Scott and Lars Waldorf, 3–22. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, Christopher C. “The Concept of Flow in Rwandan Popular Medicine.” Social Science & Medicine 27, no. 12 (1988): 1343–1348. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90199-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, Christopher C. Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Global Issues. Oxford: Berg, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, Susan. “Whispering Truth to Power: The Everyday Resistance of Rwandan Peasants to Post-Genocide Reconciliation.” African Affairs 110, no. 440 (2011): 439–456. doi:10.1093/afraf/adr021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uvin, Peter. Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar