Dance performances in post-genocide Rwanda: remaking identity, reconnecting present and past

References

• Ansoms, A. “Rwanda’s Post-Genocide Economic Reconstruction. The Mismatch Between Elite Ambitions and Rural Realities.” In Remaking Rwanda. State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by S. Strauss and L. Waldorf, 240–251. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Askew, K. Performing the Nation. Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Barz, G. “Music and (Re)translating Unity and Reconciliation in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” Acta Academica Supplementum 1 (2012): 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Begley, L. “Resolved to Fight the Ideology of Genocide and All of Its Manifestations: The Rwandan Patriotic Front, Violence and Ethnic Marginalisation in Post-Genocide Rwanda and Eastern Congo.” PhD diss., University of Sussex, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Beswick, D. “Democracy, Identity and the Politics of Exclusion in Post-Genocide Rwanda: The Case of the Batwa.” Democratization 18, no. 2 (2011): 490–511. doi: 10.1080/13510347.2011.553367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandstetter, A.-M. “Contested Pasts: The Politics of Remembrance in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” Ortelius Lecture presented at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Wassenaar, April 1, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Breed, A. “Performing the Nation: Theatre in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” The Drama Review 52, no. 1 (2008): 32–50. doi: 10.1162/dram.2008.52.1.32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breed, A. Performing the Nation: Genocide, Justice, Reconciliation. London: Seagull Books, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Buckley-Zistel, S. “Nation, Narration, Unification? The Politics of History Teaching after the Rwandan Genocide.” Journal of Genocide Research 11, no. 1 (2009): 31–53. doi: 10.1080/14623520802703608
   Google Scholar
• Buckley-Zistel, S. “Remembering to Forget: Chosen Amnesia as a Strategy for Local Coexistence in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” Africa 76, no. 2 (2006): 131–150. doi: 10.3366/afr.2006.76.2.131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnet, J. Genocide Lives in Us. Women, Memory and Silence in Rwanda. London: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, P. “Negotiating Reconciliation in Rwanda: Popular Challenges to the Official Discourse of Post-Genocide National Unity.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding (2014). http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17502977.2014.958309#.VIoIU3sspP8, doi:10.1080/17502977.2016.1144333.
   Google Scholar
• Chrétien, J.-P. “Hutu et Tutsi au Rwanda et au Burundi [Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda and Burundi].” In Au cœur de l’ethnie. Ethnies, tribalisme et état en Afrique [In the Heart of Ethnicity. Ethnies, Tribalism and State in Africa], edited by J.-L. Amselle and E. M’Bokolo, 129–165. Paris: Editions la Découverte, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Chrétien, J.-P. L’Afrique des Grands Lacs. Deux mille ans d’histoire [Africa of the Great Lakes. Two Million Years of History]. Paris: Aubier, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Chrétien, J.-P., and M. Kabanda. Rwanda, racisme et génocide. L’idéologie hamitique [Rwanda, Racism and Genocide. The Hamitic Ideology]. Paris: Belin, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• De Lame, D. “Mighty Secrets, Public Commensality, and the Crisis of Transparency: Rwanda through the Looking Glass.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 38, no. 2 (2004): 279–317. doi: 10.2307/4107302
   Google Scholar
• D’Hertefelt, M., and A. Coupez. La royauté sacrée de l’ancien Rwanda. Texte, traduction et commentaire de son rituel [The Sacred Kingdom in Ancient Rwanda. Text, Translation and Comments on its Ritual]. Tervuren: Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, 1964.
   Google Scholar
• Eltringham, N. “The Past is Elsewhere. The Paradoxes of Proscribing Ethnicity in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” In Remaking Rwanda. State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by S. Strauss and L. Waldorf, 269–282. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Eramian, L. “Ethnicity without Labels? Ambiguity and Excess in ‘Postethnic’ Rwanda.” Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 70 (2014): 96–109.
   Google Scholar
• Gaspard, S. Rwanda, the Rising Star. Showcasing Seven Years of Achievements 2003–2010. Kigali: Great Lakes Communications and Media Centre, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, A. “The Making of a ‘Super Star’: The Politics of Playback and Live Performance in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” Africa 87, no. 1 (2017): 155–179. doi: 10.1017/S0001972016000747
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guss, D. The Festive State: Race, Ethnicity and Nationalism as Cultural Performance. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Hasselskog, M. “Rwandan Developmental ‘Social Engineering’: What Does It Imply and How Is It Displayed?” Progress in Development Studies 15, no. 2 (2015): 154–169. doi: 10.1177/1464993414565533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilker, L. “Everyday Ethnicities. Identity and Reconciliation among Youth in Post-Genocide Rwanda.” PhD Diss., University of Sussex, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Hintjens, H. “Post-Genocide Identity Politics in Rwanda.” Ethnicities 8, no. 1 (2008): 5–41. doi: 10.1177/1468796807087017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes-Freeland, F. Embodied Communities. Dance Traditions and Change in Java. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Ingelaere, B. “Do We Understand Life after Genocide?: Center and Periphery in the Construction of Knowledge in Postgenocide Rwanda.” African Studies Review 53, no. 1 (2010): 41–59. doi: 10.1353/arw.0.0307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingelaere, B. “Living the Transition: Inside Rwanda's Conflict Cycle at the Grassroots.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 3, no. 3 (2009): 438–463. doi: 10.1080/17531050903273735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR). “Evaluation and Impact Assessment of the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC), Executive Summary.” Kigali, 2005. http://www.nurc.gov.rw/index.php?id=70
   Google Scholar
• Kinzer, S. A Thousand Hills. Rwanda’s Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Kiwuwa, D. Ethnic Politics and Democratic Transition in Rwanda. London: Routledge, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Lemarchand, R. The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Longman, T. “Limitations to Political Reform. The Undemocratic Nature of Transition in Rwanda.” In Remaking Rwanda. State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by S. Strauss and L. Waldorf, 25–47. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Mamdani, M. When Victims Become Killers. Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Meierhenrich, J. “Topographies of Remembering and Forgetting. The Transformation of Lieux de mémoire in Rwanda.” In Remaking Rwanda. State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by S. Strauss and L. Waldorf, 283–296. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Finance and economic planning of Rwanda (MINECOFIN), “Vision 2020.” Kigali, 2000. http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/Rwanda_Vision_2020.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Sports and Culture (MINISPOC). “Policy on Cultural Heritage.” Kigali, 2008. http://minispoc.gov.rw/index.php?id=12.
   Google Scholar
• National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC). “Community Conflict in Rwanda: Major Causes and Ways to Solution.” Kigali, 2007. http://www.nurc.gov.rw/index.php?id=70.
   Google Scholar
• National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC). “Le rôle de la femme dans le processus de réconciliation et de consolidation de la paix au Rwanda: dix ans après le génocide 1994–2004: Contributions, Défis, Perspectives d’avenir [The Role of Women in Reconciliation and Peace Building in Rwanda: Ten Years after Genocide 1991–2004: Contributions, Challenges and Way Forward].” Kigali, 2005. http://www.nurc.gov.rw/index.php?id=70µ.
   Google Scholar
• National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC). “The Role of Women in Reconciliation and Peace Building in Rwanda: Ten Years after Genocide 1991–2004: Contributions, Challenges and Way Forward.” Kigali, 2005. http://www.nurc.gov.rw/index.php?id=70&no_cache=1&tx_drblob_pi1%5BdownloadUid%5D=3.
   Google Scholar
• National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC). “The Rwandan Conflict: Origin, Development, Exit Strategies.” Kigali, 2004. http://www.nurc.gov.rw/index.php?id=70.
   Google Scholar
• Neveu-Kringelbach, H. “Moving Shadows of Casamance. Performance and Regionalism in Senegal.” In Dancing Cultures. Globalization, Tourism and Identity in the Anthropology of Dance, edited by H. Neveu-Kringelbach and J. Skinner, 143–160. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Neveu-Kringelbach, H., and J. Skinner. Dancing Cultures. Globalization, Tourism and Identity in the Anthropology of Dance. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Newbury, C. The Cohesion of Oppression. Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda 1860-1960. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Newbury, D. The Land Beyond the Mists. Essays on Identity and Authority in Precolonial Congo and Rwanda. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Nkulikiyinka, J.-B. Introduction à la danse rwandaise traditionnelle [Introduction to Traditional Rwandan Dance]. Tervuren: Musée Royal d’Afrique Centrale, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Pells, K., Pontalti, K., and T. Willimas. 2014. “Promising Developments? Children, Youth and Post-Genocide Reconstruction under the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).” Journal of Eastern African Studies 8, no. 2 (2014): 294–310. doi: 10.1080/17531055.2014.892672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plancke, C. “‘Danser pour donner’: entretien avec Nido Uwera, chorégraphe rwandaise et directrice artistique de la troupe Mpore [‘Dancing to Give’: interview with Nido Uwera, Rwandan choreographer and Artistic Director of the Troupe Mpore].” Recherches en danse, “Entretiens,” May 5, 2013. http://danse.revues.org/479.
   Google Scholar
• Pottier, J. Re-Imagining Rwanda. Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Reed, S. Dance and the Nation. Performance, Ritual and Politics in Sri Lanka. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Reyntjens, F. Political Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• “Rwanda Folk Dancers Thrill Singaporeans at Cultural Day.” Times, 26 February, 2015. http://allafrica.com/stories/201502260323.html.
   Google Scholar
• Sommers, M. Stuck. Rwandan Youth and the Struggle for Adulthood. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Stauss, S., and L. Waldorf. “Introduction: Seeing Like a Post-Conflict State.” In Remaking Rwanda. State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by S. Strauss and L. Waldorf, 3–21. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, S. “Getting Close to Rwandans since the Genocide: Studying Everyday Life in Highly Politicized Research Settings.” African Studies Review 53, no. 3 (2010): 19–34. doi: 10.1017/S0002020600005655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson, S. “Whispering Truth to Power: The Everyday Resistance of Rwandan Peasants to Post-Genocide Reconciliation.” African Affairs 110, no. 440 (2011): 439–456. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adr021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenginste, S. “Governing Ethnicity after Genocide: Ethnic Amnesia in Rwanda Versus Ethnic Power-Sharing in Burundi.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 8, no. 2 (2014): 263–277. doi: 10.1080/17531055.2014.891784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vansina, J. Antecedents to Modern Rwanda. The Nyiginya Kingdom. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Vansina, J. L’évolution du royaume rwanda des origines à 1900 [The Evolution of the Rwandan Kingdom of Its Origins until 1900]. Bruxelles: Académie Royale des Sciences d’Outre-Mer, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Vidal, C. “La commémoration du génocide au Rwanda. Violence symbolique, mémorisation forcée et histoire officielle [The Commemoration of the Genocide in Rwanda. Symbolic Violence, Forced Memorisation and Official History].” Cahiers d'études africaines 64 (2004): 575–592. doi: 10.4000/etudesafricaines.4737
   Google Scholar
• Waldorf, L. “Instrumentalizing Genocide. The RPF’s Campaign Against ‘Genocide Ideology’.” In Remaking Rwanda. State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by S. Strauss and L. Waldorf, 48–86. Waldorf: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Zakaria, F. “Africa’s New Path: Paul Kagame Charts a Way Forward.” Newsweek, July 18, 2009. http://www.newsweek.com/id/207403.
   Google Scholar