Business improvement districts in New York: the private sector in public service or the public sector privatized?

References

• 82nd Street Partnership. 2012. Annual Report.
   Google Scholar
• 180th Street BID. 2011. 180th Street Business Improvement District Annual Report-Fiscal Year 2010.
   Google Scholar
• 180th Street BID. 2012. 180th Street Business Improvement District Annual Report- Fiscal Year 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, E. 2002. “The Public Interest in Planning: From Legitimation to Substantive Plan Evaluation.” Planning Theory 1 (3): 226–249.
   Google Scholar
• Alliance for Downtown New York. 2011. Annual Report 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Angotti, T. 2008. New York for Sale: Community Planning Confronts Global Real Estate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, A., I. Gould, A. E. Schwartz, and I. Voicu. 2007. The Benefits of Business Improvement Districts: Evidence from New York City. Furman Center Policy Brief, New York University.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, J., and P. Vidal. 2012. State and Local Government Finances Summary: 2010. Governments Division Briefs. September, United States Census Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Belmont District Management Association. 2012. Winter 2012 Newsletter.
   Google Scholar
• Brash, J. 2003. “Invoking Fiscal Crisis: Moral Discourse and Politics in New York City.” Social Text 76, 21 (3): 59–83.
   Google Scholar
• Briffault, R. 1999. “A Government for Our Time? Business Improvement Districts and Urban Governance.” Columbia Law Review 99 (2): 365–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brighton Beach BID. 2011. “Budget 2011.” http://bidbrightonbeach.com/about-2/165-2/
   Google Scholar
• Brinkerhoff, D. W., and J. M. Brinkerhoff. 2011. “Public-Private Partnerships: Perspectives of Purposes, Publicness and Good Governance.” Public Administration and Development 31: 2–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkerhoff, J. M. 2002. “Government-Nonprofit Partnership: A Defining Framework.” Public Administration and Development 22: 19–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church Avenue BID. 2012. FY 2011 Annual Report.
   Google Scholar
• Downtown Flushing Transit HUB BID. 2012. Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Dunstan, R. 1995. “Overview of New York City’s Fiscal Crisis.” CRB Note 3 (1), California Research Bureau, California State Library. http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/95/notes/v3n1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• East Brooklyn BID. 2010. Annual Report Fiscal Year 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Eidelman, G., and Z. Taylor. 2010. “Canadian Urban Politics: Another ‘Black Hole’?” Journal of Urban Affairs 32 (3): 305–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung, A. June 21, 2012. “Smaller BIDs Get Bigger Boost from City Hall.” Crain’s New York Business. http://www.crainsnewyork.com
   Google Scholar
• Grand Central Partnership. 2012. Annual Report 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, J. 2005. “Business Improvement Districts in New York City’s Low and High Income Neighborhoods.” Economic Development Quarterly 19 (2): 174–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, J. 2008. “Business Improvement Districts in New York City’s Low- and High-Income Neighborhoods: Revisited.” In Business Improvement Districts: Research, Theories, and Controversies, edited by G. Morçöl, L. Hoyt, and J. Meek. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications Taylor Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, J. 2010. “The Aramingo Avenue Shopping District: Stakeholders’ Bridge or Border Divide?” Drexel Law Review 3 (1): 171–192.
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, S., and M. Holzer. 2008. Social Capital in Business Improvement Districts. Newark, NJ: Cooperative Professional Services. http://www.c-p-s.us/news/BIDS-3P-Holzer-Grossman-Dec242008.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Houstoun, Jr., L. 1994. Betting on BIDs. Urban Land June: 13–18.
   Google Scholar
• Houstoun, Jr., L. 2012. Business Improvement Districts, Second Edition. Washington, DC: ULI-The Urban Land Institute in Cooperation with the International Downtown Association, Independent Publishers Group. Kindle Edition.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyt, L. 2006. “Importing Ideas: The Transnational Transfer of Urban Revitalization Policy.” International Journal of Public Administration 29: 221–243.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyt, L., and D. Gopal-Agge. 2007. “The Business Improvement District Model: A Balanced Review of Contemporary Debates.” Geography Compass ¼: 946–958.
   Google Scholar
• IBO. 2010. Understanding New York City’s Budget. New York: New York City Independent Budget Office.
   Google Scholar
• Kantor, P. 2010. “City Futures: Politics, Economic Crisis and the American Model of Urban Development.” Urban Research & Practice 3 (1): 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Klebba, J., M. Garrett, A. Radle, and B. Downes. 2001. “Downtown Redevelopment in Selected Oregon Coastal Communities: Some Lessons from Practice.” In Downtowns: Revitalizing the Centers of Small Urban Communities, edited by M. Burayidi. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn, M. 2004. Brave New Neighborhoods: The Privatization of Public Space. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lauria, M., R. Whelan, and A. Young. 1995. “The Revitalization of Downtown New Orleans.” In Urban Revitalization: Policies and Programs, edited by F. Wagner, T. Joder, and A. Mumphrey, Jr., 110–111. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, J. 1994. Contemporary Urban Planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, N. 2010. “Grappling with Governance: The Emergence of Business Improvement Districts in a National Capital.” Urban Affairs Review 46: 180–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, J., D. Golinelli, R. Stokes, and R. Blumenthal. 2010. “The Effects of Business Improvement Districts on the Incidence of Violent Crimes.” Injury Prevention 16 (5): 327–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallett, W. 1994. “Mapping the Post-Industrial City: Business Improvement Districts in the United States.” Area 26 (3): 276–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, J., and M. Doyle. 2011. “Business Improvement Districts and Conservation-Led Regeneration.” Urban Research & Practice 4 (2): 175–192.
   Google Scholar
• Meltzer, R. 2011. “Clean and Safe For All? The Interaction Between Business Improvement Districts and Local Government in the Provision of Public Goods.” National Tax Journal 64 (3): 863–890.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. 2008. Business Improvement Districts and the Shape of the City. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mollenkopf, J., and M. Castells, eds. 1991. “Introduction.” In Dual City: Restructuring New York. New York: Russell Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Moroni, S. 2004. “Towards a Reconstruction of the Public Interest Criterion.” Planning Theory 3 (2): 151–171.
   Google Scholar
• Muller, M. 2006. “Business Improvement Districts.” Gotham Gazette, Citizens Union Foundation. http://www.gothamgazette.com
   Google Scholar
• New Orleans Redevelopment Authority. n.d. History: The Founding of NORA. http://www.noraworks.org/about/history
   Google Scholar
• New York City Comptroller. 2001. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller. New York: City of New York. http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov/bureaus/acc/cafr-pdf/cafr2001.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New York City Comptroller. 2005. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller. New York: City of New York. http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov/bureaus/acc/cafr-pdf/cafr2005.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New York City Comptroller. 2010. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller. New York: City of New York. http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov/bureaus/acc/cafr-pdf/cafr2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New York City Comptroller. 2011. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller. New York: City of New York. http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov/bureaus/acc/cafr-pdf/cafr2011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New York City Comptroller. 2012. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Comptroller. New York: City of New York. http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov/bureaus/acc/cafr-pdf/CAFR2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of City Planning. 2010. Community District Needs, Fiscal Year 2013. New York: City of New York.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of City Planning. 2011. Community District Needs, Fiscal Year 2013. New York: City of New York.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of City Planning. 2012. Community District Needs, Fiscal Year 2013. New York: City of New York.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of City Planning. 2013. Community District Needs, Fiscal Year 2013. New York: City of New York.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Mayors Office for Operations. 2010a. SCORECARD Monthly Ratings by Borough and Community Board. New York: NYC Mayors Office for Operations.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Mayors Office for Operations. 2010b. SCORECARD B.I.D. Ratings. New York: NYC Mayors Office for Operations.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Mayors Office for Operations. 2011a. SCORECARD Monthly Ratings by Borough and Community Board. New York: NYC Mayors Office for Operations.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Mayors Office for Operations. 2011b. SCORECARD B.I.D. Ratings. New York: NYC Mayors Office for Operations.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Mayors Office for Operations. 2012a. SCORECARD Monthly Ratings by Borough and Community Board. New York: NYC Mayors Office for Operations.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Mayors Office for Operations. 2012b. SCORECARD B.I.D. Ratings. New York: NYC Mayors Office for Operations.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Small Business Services. 2009. Business Improvement Districts: Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report Summary. New York: City of New York.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Small Business Services. 2012. Deputy Mayor Steel Announces Two New Initiatives To Help Strengthen New York City’s Neighborhood Business Districts. Press Release, June 21. New York: City of New York.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Small Business Services. 2013. Business Improvement Districts. New York: City of New York. http://www.nyc.gov/html/sbs/html/neighborhood_development/bids.shtml
   Google Scholar
• New York State Consolidated Laws. 1981. General Municipal, Article 19-A, Business Improvement Districts, Section S 980-M, Section B. Albany: New York State Senate.
   Google Scholar
• Peyroux, E., R. Pütz, and G. Glasze. 2012. “Business Improvement Districts (BIDs): The Internationalization and Contextualization of a ‘Travelling Concept’.” European Urban and Regional Studies 19: 111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogowsky, E., R. Berkman, E. Strom, and A. Maniscalco. 1995. “New York City’s Outer Borough Development Strategy.” In Urban Revitalization Policies and Programs, edited by F. Wagner, T. Joder, A. Mumphry, Jr. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Rogowsky, E. T., and J. S. Gross. 1998a. Managing Development in New York City: The Case of Business Improvement Districts (Working Paper No. 24). New Orleans, LA: University of New Orleans, National Center for the Revitalization of Central Cities.
   Google Scholar
• Rogowsky, E. T., and J. S. Gross. 1998b. “To BID or Not to BID: Economic Development in New York City (Co-author E. T. Rogowsky).” Metropolitics 1 (4): 7–8.
   Google Scholar
• Rogowsky, E. T., and J. S. Gross. 2000. “Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) and Economic Development in New York City.” In Managing Capital Resources for Central City Revitalization, edited by F. Wagner, T. Joder, and A. Mumphrey, Jr., 81–87. New York: Garland.
   Google Scholar
• Savas, E. S. 2000. “Privatization and the New Public Management.” Fordham Urban Law Journal 28 (5): Article 8.
   Google Scholar
• Schaller, S., and G. Modan. 2005. “Contesting Public Space and Citizenship.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 24: 394–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunset Park Business Improvement District. 2011. Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report.
   Google Scholar
• Sweeting, G. 2003. “Unintended Consequences: New Absentee Landlord Tax Will Hit Poorest Neighborhoods.” IBO, Inside the Budget, Number 118.
   Google Scholar
• Swinburn, G., S. Goga, and F. Murphy. 2006. Local Economic Development: A Primer Developing and Implementing Local Economic Development Strategies and Action Plans. Washington, DC: Urban Development Unit of the World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, W. C. 2006. Audit Report on the Operating Practices and Procedures of the Grand Central Partnership Business Improvement District. New York: Office of the Comptroller.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, W. C. February 25, 2009. Audit Report on the Financial and Operating Practices of the Jerome-Gun Hill Business Improvement District. New York: Office of the Comptroller.
   Google Scholar
• Times Square Alliance. 2012. 1992 Times Square Alliance 2012. http://www.TimesSquareNYC.org
   Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau. 2010. Table 1. State and Local Government Finances by Level of Government and By State: 2009–2010. 2010 Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances, US Government.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, M. E. 2011. “Club Goods and Local Government.” Journal of the American Planning Association 77 (2): 155–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, M. E. 2012. “Privatization and Urban Governance: The Continuing Challenges of Efficiency, Voice and Integration.” Cities 29 (Suppl. 2): S38–S43.
   Google Scholar
• Zukin, S. 1995. The Culture of Cities. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar