Echoes of tradition: Liang Qichao’s reflections on the Italian Risorgimento and the construction of Chinese nationalism

Bibliography

• Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Community: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. Revised ed. London: Verso, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Arminjon, Vittorio. La Cina e la Missione Italiana, Del 1866 [China and the Italian Mission in 1866]. Firenze: Uffizio Della Bassegna Nationale. Manuscript, Library of Foreign Affairs Ministry, Rome, 1885.
   Google Scholar
• Bentley, Jerry H., ed. Interactions: Trans-Regional Perspectives on World History (Perspectives on the Global Past). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Bentley, Jerry H. “Myths, Wagers, and Some Moral Implications of World History.” Journal of World History 16, no. 1 (2005): 51–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley, Jerry H. Shapes of World History in Twentieth-Century Scholarship. Washington, DC: American Historical Association, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Bertuccioli, Giuliano, and Frederico Masini. Yidali he Zhongguo 意大利和中国 [Italy and China]. Translated by Xiao Xiaoling 萧晓玲 and Bai Yukun 白玉崑. Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Brecuilly, John. Nationalism and the State. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Chen Yiyuan 陈益源 and Luo Jingwen 罗经文. “Yuenan Pan Peizhu yu Riben, Zhongguo zhi shenhou guanxi: yi Pan Peizhu dui xifang jianguo yingxiong shiji de xishou yu zhuanhua weili 越南潘佩珠与日本、中国之深厚关系 —— 以潘佩珠对西方建国英雄事迹的吸收与转化为例” [The Deep Friendship among Vietnam, Japan and China – Taking as Example Phan Boi Chau’s Interpretation and Transformation of the Deeds of Nation-Building in the West]. Hanxue yanjiu qikan (Malaiya daxue zhongwenxi) 汉学研究期刊（马来亚大学中文系 [Journal of Sinology] (Chinese Department of Malaya University), no.1 (October 2010): 119–141.
   Google Scholar
• Dikötter, Frank. “Group Definition and Idea of Race in Modern China.” In Racism: A Global Reader, edited by Kevin Reilly and Stephen Kaufman, 207–210. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Duara, Prasenjit. Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, John. Awakening China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Guo Songtao 郭嵩焘. Guo Songtao riji 郭嵩焘日记 [Guo Songtao’s Diary]. Changsha: Hunan renmin chubanshe, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Hanneman, Mary. “Civilization Alone is not Enough.” Unpublished manuscript, 2008. Quoted with author’s permission.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Phillip C. Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Modern Chinese Liberalism. Seattle: University of Washington, 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Karl, Rebecca E. Staging the World: Chinese Nationalism at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Katou Masao 加藤正夫. Shuukyoukaikakusha Matsumura Kaiseki no shisou: Touzaishisou no yuugou wo hakaru 宗教改革者松村解析の思想: 東西思想の融合を図る [The Thoughts of Religious Reformer Matsumura Kaiseki: A Portrayal of the Fusion of Eastern and Western Learning]. Tokyo: Kindaibungeisha, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, Phillip. Chinese Among Others: Emigration in Modern Times. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Kwong, Luke S. K. A Mosaic of the Hundred Days. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Kwong, Luke S. K. T’an Ssu-t’ung, 1865–1898: Life and Thought of a Reformer. New York: Brill, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Liang Qichao 梁启超. “Guojia sixiang bianqian yitong lun 国家思想变迁异同论” [Evolution and Differences of Nationalist Thought]. In Xinhai geming qian shinian shilun xuanji 辛亥革命前十年时论选集 [Selected Works on Current Events in the Decade before the Revolution of 1911], vol. 1-A, 26-34. Beijing: Sanlian shuju, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Liang Qichao 梁启超. “Xiaqing ji chuanqi 侠情记传奇” [Legend of a Great Hero]. In Yinbingshi heji 饮冰室合集 [Collected Works of Liang Qichao] 93, 25–28. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1936.
   Google Scholar
• Liang Qichao 梁启超. “Xin Luoma chuanqi 新罗马传奇” [Legend of New Rome]. In Yinbingshi heji 饮冰室合集 [Collected Works of Liang Qichao] 93, 1–24. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1936.
   Google Scholar
• Liang Qichao 梁启超. “Yidali jianguo sanjie zhuan 意大利建国三杰传” [Three Heroes in the Founding of the Italian Nation]. In Yinbingshi heji 饮冰室合集 [Collected Works of Liang Qichao] 11, 1–61. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1936.
   Google Scholar
• Liang Qichao 梁启超. “Zhuge Kongming yu Jiafuer 诸葛孔明与加富尔” [Zhuge Kongming and Cavour]. In Liang Qichao quanji梁启超全集 [The Complete Works of Liang Qichao], 351. Beijing: Beijing chubanshe, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Lyttelton, Adrian. “The National Question in Italy.” In The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, edited by Mikulas Teich and Roy Porter, 63–105. London: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Mancini, Claudio M. “Appunti per una storia delle relazioni commerciali e finanziarie.” Rivista di Diritto Valutario e di Economia Internazionale, no. 31 (1987): 401–433.
   Google Scholar
• Marinelli, Maurizio. “The Encounter between Italy and China: Two Countries, Multiple Stories.” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 15, no. 4 (2010): 491–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marriott, J. A. R. The Makers of Modern Italy: Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi, Three Lectures Delivered at Oxford. London: McMillan & Co., 1901.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuo, Youji 松尾洋二. “Ryoukeichou to shiden: Higashi Asia ni okeru kindaiseishinshi no honryuu 梁启超と史でん：東 アシア に おける 近代精神史 の 本流” [Liang Qichao and History Study: Currents of Modern Intellectual History in East Asia]. In Ryou Keichou: Seiyoukindaishisoujuyou to meijinihon, edited by Hazama Naoki, 259–295. Tokyo: Kyoudoukenkyuu, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Najita, Tetsuo. Japan: the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Japanese Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, Wing Chung. Chinese in Vancouver, 1945–1980: The Pursuit of Identity and Power. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Pyle, Kenneth B. The New Generation in Meiji Japan: Problems of Cultural Identity, 1885–1895. Stanford: Standford University Press, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Sang Bing 桑兵. “Liang Qichao de dongxue, xixue yu xinxue: Ping Xiajian Zhishu de Liang Qichao, mingzhi Riben, xifang 梁启超的东学，西学与新学——评狭间直树的《梁启超，明治日本，西方》” [Liang Qichao’s Eastern Learning, Western Learning, and New Learning: Review of Hazama Naoki’s Ryou Keichou: Seiyoukindaishisoujuyou to meijinihon: Kyoudoukenkyuu]. Lishi yanjiu 历史研究 [Historical Research], no. 6 (2002): 160–166.
   Google Scholar
• Shanghai shi wenwu baoguan weiyuanhui 上海市文物保管委员会 [Shanghai Cultural Relics and Heritage Preservation Committee]. Wuxu bianfa qianhou: Kang Youwei yigao 戊戌变法前后: 康有为遗稿 [Before and After the 1898 Reform: Leftover Manuscripts of Kang Youwei]. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Sun Huiwen 孙会文. Liang Qichao de minquan yu junxian sixiang 梁启超的民权与君宪思想 [Liang Qichao on People’s Rights and Constitutional Monarchy]. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press, 1966.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, Xiaobing. Global Space and the Nationalist Discourse of Modernity: The Historical Thinking of Liang Qichao. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Xianggang Zhongguo yuyan wenxue hui 香港中国语言文学会 [Hong Kong Association of Chinese Language and Literature]. Jinxiandai hanyu xinci ciyuan cidian 近现代汉语新词词源词典 [An Etymological Glossary of Selected Modern Chinese Words]. Shanghai: Shiji chuban jituan, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Xue Fucheng 薛福成. “Chushi Ying Fa Bi Yi siguo riji 出使英法比义四国日记” [Diary of My Ambassadorial Missions to Britain, France, Belgium and Italy]. In Zouxiang shijie congshu 走向世界丛书 [Series on Turning toward the World], edited by Zhong Shuhe 钟叔河. Changsha: Yuelu shushe, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Ya Lu (Liu Yazi) 亚庐 (柳亚子). “Zhongguo lixian wenti 中国立宪问题” [Problem of Constitutionalism in China]. In Xinhai geming qian shinian shilun xuanji 辛亥革命前十年时论选集 [Selected Works on Current Events in the Decade before the Revolution of 1911] 1-B, 594–596. Beijing: Sanlian shuju, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Yan Deru 颜德如. “Sun Zhongshan ‘yipan sansha’ shuo xilun 孙中山‘一盘散沙’说析论” [Analysis of and Commentary on Sun Yat-sen’s Argument that Chinese are like “a Sheet of Loose Sand]. Guangdong shehui kexue 广东社会科学 [Social Sciences in Guangdong], no. 3 (2005): 94–98.
   Google Scholar
• Yang Dusheng 杨笃生. “Xin Hunan 新湖南” [New Hunan]. In Xinhai geming qian shinian shilun xuanji 辛亥革命前十年时论选集 [Selected Works on Current Events in the Decade before the Revolution of 1911] 1-B, 612–648. Beijing: Sanlian shuju, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• “Yihetuan yougong Zhongguo shuo 义和团有功中国说” [Argument that the Boxers Had Contributed to the Good of China]. In Xinghai gemin qian shinian shilun xuanji 辛亥革命前十年时论选集 [Selected Works on Current Events in the Decade before the Revolution of 1911] 1-A, 58–62. Beijing: Sanlian shuju, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Jun 张军. “Lun Liang Qichao xiju 论梁启超戏剧” [On Liang Qichao’s Dramas]. Hainan shifan daxue xuebao 海南师范大学学报 [Journal of Hainan Normal University], no. 4 (2010): 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Zou Rong 邹容. “Geming jun 革命军” [Revolutionary Army]. In Xinhai geming qian shinian shilun xuanji 辛亥革命前十年时论选集 [Selected Works on Current Events in the Decade before the Revolution of 1911] 1-B, 649–677. Beijing: Sanlian shuju, 1978.
   Google Scholar