Perceived risk of the harmful use of alcohol among young adults in the context of HIV&AIDS in Kenya

References

• World Health Organization. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112736/1/9789240692763_eng.pdf?ua=1.
   Google Scholar
• Kiemo K. Drugs and drug control in Kenya. Pan-African Issues in Drugs and Drug Control: Int Perspect. 2016;2016:61–86.
   Google Scholar
• Muturi N. Alcohol consumption and reproductive health risks in Rural central Kenya. Sex Repro H. 2014;5:41–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayles JN, Pettifor A, Wong MD, MacPhail C, Lee SJ, Hendriksen E, et al. Factors associated with self-efficacy for condom use and sexual negotiation among South African youth. J Acq Imm Def Syndromes. 2006;43(2):226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2011). A U D I T. The alcohol use disorders identification test. Guidelines for Use in Primary Care. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kyalo P, Mbugua R. Narcotic drug problems in Murang’a South District of Kenya: A case study of drug abuse by students in Secondary Schools. African J Soc Sci. 2011;1(2):73–83.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2018. Global status report on alcohol and health. Available from https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Kendagor A, Gathecha G, Ntakuka MW. Prevalence and determinants of heavy episodic drinking among adults in Kenya: analysis of the STEPwise survey, 2015. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(3):1216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Authority for the Campaign against Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Rapid situation assessment of the status of drugs and substance abuse in Kenya. Nairobi: Ministry of Interior, and Coordination of National Government; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• National Authority for the Campaign against Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Alcohol use in the central province of Kenya. A baseline survey on magnitude, causes, and effects from the perspective of community members and individual users. Nairobi: Ministry of Interior, and Coordination of National Government; 2010, Dec.
   Google Scholar
• Shield KD, Parry D, Rehm J. 2014. Chronic diseases and conditions related to alcohol use. Alcohol Res Curr Rev. 2014;35(2):155–173.
   Google Scholar
• Braithwaite K, Thomas VG. HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk-behaviors among African-American and Caribbean college women. Int J Advancement Couns. 2001;23(2):115–129.
   Google Scholar
• National AIDS and STI Control Programme. Kenya AIDS epidemic update 2011. Nairobi, Kenya: NASCOP. Ministry of Health; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Idele P, Gillespie A, Porth T, Suzuki C, Mahy M, Kasedde S, et al. Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among adolescents: current status, inequities, and data gaps. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:S144–S153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. 90-90-90: an ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Kaufman M, Cain D, Jooste S. Alcohol use and sexual risks for HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review of empirical findings. Prev Sci. 2007;8(2):141–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Vermaak R, Jooste S, Cain D. HIV/AIDS risks among men and women who drink at informal alcohol serving establishments (Shebeens) in Cape Town, South Africa. Prev Sci. 2008;9(1):55–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pando MA, Berini C, Bibini M, Fernández M, Reinaga E, Maulen S, et al. Prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female commercial sex workers in Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74(2):233–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trasi R. Alcohol consumption and HIV risk: A Peer education Strategy for Bar Patrons. case study Series. Arlington (VA): USAID’s AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources, AIDSTAR-One, Task Order 1; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Cain D. HIV transmission risk behaviours among HIV seropositive sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa. European J Public Heal. 2010;20(2):202–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers B, Kline TL, Browne FA, Carney T, Parry C, Johnson K, et al. Ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use and related sexual risks for HIV among vulnerable women in Cape Town, South Africa: implications for interventions. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):174–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrells TR, Slukvin I, Sibley D, Fuseler J. Increased susceptibility of experimental animals to infectious organisms as a consequence of ethanol consumption. Alcohol Suppl. 1994;2:425–430.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris NC, Levine B, Goodridge G, Luo N, Ashley J. Three-country assessment of alcohol-HIV related policy and programmatic responses in Africa. Afr J Drug Alcohol Stud. 2006;5(2):170–184.
   Google Scholar
• Zule W, Myers B, Carney T, Novak SP, McCormick K, Wechsberg WM. Alcohol and drug use outcomes among vulnerable women living with HIV: results from the Western Cape women's health CoOp. AIDS Care. 2014;26(12):1494–1499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers RW. A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. J Psychol. 1975;91:93–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers RW. Cognitive and physiological process in fear appeals and attitude change: a revised theory of protection motivation. In: Cacioppo J, Petty R, editor. Social Psychophysiology: A Source Book. New York: Guilford Press; 1983. p. 153–176.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84(2):191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav. 2004;31:143–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal R, Real K. Understanding of perceived norms on behaviors. Commun Theory. 2003;13(2):184–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes BJ. Communicating about emerging infectious disease: The importance of research. Health Risk Soc. 2008;10(4):349–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mileti DS, Fitzpatrick C. The causal sequence of risk communication in the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment. Risk Anal. 1992;12(3):393–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon JC. The nature of risk perceptions and environmental decision making. Papers From the 1999 Inst Environ Commun. 2002;2002:45–48.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang XA, Borden J. How to communicate cyber-risk? An examination of behavioral recommendations in cybersecurity crises. J Risk Res. 2019: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1646315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green EC, Witte K. Can fear arousal in public health campaigns contribute to the decline of HIV prevalence? J Health Commun. 2006;11(3):245–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte K. Fear control and danger control: A test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Commun Monogr. 1994;61(2):113–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang C. Behavioral recommendations in health research news as cues to action: self-relevancy and self-efficacy processes. J Health Commun. 2016;21(8):954–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muturi NW, Kidd T, Khan T, Kattelmann K, Zies S, Lindshield E, et al. An examination of factors associated with self-efficacy for food choice and healthy eating among low-income adolescents in three US states. Front Commun. 2016;1:6.
   Google Scholar
• Muturi N. Cultural considerations in HIV/AIDS communication and prevention in Kenya. J Health Commun. 2005;10:77–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiavo R. Health communication: from theory to Practice. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Wiley; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Neuwirth K, Dunwoody S, Griffin RJ. Protection motivation and risk communication. Risk Anal. 2000;20(5):721–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aakko E. Risk communication, risk perception, and public health. Wis Med J. 2004;103(1):25–27.
   Google Scholar
• Fischhoff B, Slovic P, Lichtenstein S, Read S, Combs B. How safe is safe enough? A psychometric study of attitudes towards technological risks and benefits. Policy Sci. 1978;9:127–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman P, Boer H, Seydel ER. Protection motivation theory. In: Conner M, Norman P, editor. Predicting health behavior: research and Practice with social cognition models. England: McGraw-Hill Education; 2005. p. 81–126.
   Google Scholar
• Lippke S. Protection motivation theory. In: Eklund RC, Tenenbaum G, editor. Encyclopedia of Sport and exercise. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2014. p. 557–558.
   Google Scholar
• Tesson S, Richards I, Porter D, Phillips KA, Rankin N, Musiello T, et al. Women’s preferences for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: An investigation using protection motivation theory. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99(5):814–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh BC. Society or alcohol expectancies, and reasons for drinking: Comments from a study of sexuality. Psychol Addict Behav. 1990;4(2):91–96.
   Google Scholar
• Muturi N, Kidd T, Lindshield E, Kattelmann KK, Adhikari K, Zies S. Motivation for obesity prevention among adolescents in low-income communities in three US states. J Commun Healthc. 2017;10(3):169–179.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson ES, Winett RA, Wojcik JR. Self-regulation, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and social support: social cognitive theory and nutrition behavior. Ann Behav Med. 2007;34(3):304–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromme K, Katz EC, Rivet K. Outcome expectancies and risk-taking behavior. Cognitive Ther Res. 1997;21(4):421–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MJ. The effects of self-efficacy statements in humorous anti-alcohol abuse messages targeting college students: Who is in charge? Health Commun. 2010;25(8):638–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiers RW, Wood MD, Darkes J, Corbin WR, Jones BT, Sher KJ. Changing expectancies: cognitive mechanisms and context effects. Alcohol: Clin Exp Res. 2003;27:186–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Self-efficacy. In: VS Ramachandran, editor. Encyclopedia of human behavior, Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press; 1994. p. 71–81.
   Google Scholar
• Rimal RN. Perceived risk and self-efficacy as motivators: understanding individuals’ long-term use of health information. J Commun. 2001;51:633–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H, Park SA. Third-person effect and pandemic flu: The role of severity, self-efficacy method mentions, and message source. J Health Commun. 2016;21(12):1244–1250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffman DL, Smith EA, Flisher AJ, Caldwell LL. Effects of HealthWise South Africa on condom use self-efficacy. Prev Sci. 2011;12(2):162–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlefield CH, Craven JL, Rodin GM, Daneman D, Murray MA, Rydall AC. Relationship of self-efficacy and binging to adherence to diabetes regimen among adolescents. Diabetes Care. 1992;15(1):90–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caprara GV, Scabini E, Barbaranelli C, Pastorelli C, Regalia C, Bandura A. Impact of adolescents’ perceived self-regulatory efficacy on familial communication and antisocial conduct. Eur Psychol. 1998;3:125–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner MM, Rimal RN, Morrison D, Kim H. The role of anxiety in seeking and retaining risk information’ testing the risk perception attitude framework in two studies. Hum Commun Res. 2006;32:130–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore CD, Schofield C, van Rooyen DR, Andersson LM. Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure self-efficacy in seeking mental health care (SE-SMHC). SpringerPlus. 2015;4(1):339–317.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bas M, Donmez S. Self-efficacy and restrained eating in relation to weight loss among overweight men and women in Turkey. Appetite. 2009;52(1):209–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadden RM, Litt MD. The role of self-efficacy in the treatment of substance use disorders. Addict Behav. 2011;36(12):1120–1126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller KW, Wilder LB, Stillman FA, Becker DM. The feasibility of a street-intercept survey method in an African-American community. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(4):655–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore L, Smith C, Catford J. Binge drinking: prevalence, patterns, and policy. Health Educ Res. 1994;9:497–505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muturi N, An S. HIV/AIDS stigma and religiosity among African American women. J Health Commun. 2010;15(4):388–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young RM, Oei TPS. Drinking expectancy profile: test manual. Queensland: Behavior Research and Therapy Centre, University of Queensland; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Carey MC, Morrison-Beedy D, Johnson BT. The HIV-knowledge questionnaire: Development and evaluation of a reliable, valid, and practical self-administered questionnaire. AIDS Behav. 1997;1(1):61–74.
   Google Scholar
• Petry NM. Alcohol use in HIV patients: what we don't know may hurt us. Int J STD and AIDS. 1999;10(9):561–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ven VT, Beck J. Getting drunk and hooking up: an exploratory study of the relationships between alcohol intoxication and casual coupling in a university sample. Sociol Spectr. 2009;29:626–648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins R, Othieno C, Ongeri L. Alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking in western Kenya—a household survey in a health and demographic surveillance site. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15(1):230–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khasakhala AA, Mturi AJ. Factors associated with risky sexual behaviour among out-of-school youth in Kenya. J Biosoc Sci. 2008;40(5):641–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiferaw Y, Alemu A, Assefa A, Tesfaye B, Gibermedhin E, Amare M. Perception of risk of HIV and sexual risk behaviors among University students: implication for planning interventions. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7(1):162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Behrman JR, Kohler HP, Watkins SC. 2003. Social networks, HIV/AIDS and risk perceptions. PIER Working Paper No. 03-007. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=382844 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.382844.
   Google Scholar