Digital mapping of soil phosphorous sorption parameters (PSPs) using environmental variables and machine learning algorithms

References

• Agbenin, J. O., and H. Tiessen. 1994. “The Effects of Soil Properties on the Differential Phosphate Sorption by Semiarid Soils from Northeast Brazil.” Soil Science 157 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1097/00010694-199401000-00006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amrani, M., D. G. Westfall, and L. Moughli. 1999. “Phosphate Sorption in Calcareous Moroccan Soils as Affected by Soil Properties.” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 30 (9–10). doi:10.1080/00103629909370286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anghinoni, I., V. C. Baligar, and R. J. Wright. 1996. “Phosphorus Sorption Isotherm Characteristics and Availability Parameters of Appalachian Acidic Soils.” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 27 (9–10). doi:10.1080/00103629609369686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azizi, Kamran, Shamsollah Ayoubi, Kamal Nabiollahi, Younes Garosi, and Rene Gislum. 2022. “Predicting Heavy Metal Contents by Applying Machine Learning Approaches and Environmental Covariates in West of Iran.” Journal of Geochemical Exploration 233. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2021.106921.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Junhong, Xiaofei Ye, Jia Jia, Guangliang Zhang, Qingqing Zhao, Baoshan Cui, and Xinhui Liu. 2017. “Phosphorus Sorption-Desorption and Effects of Temperature, PH and Salinity on Phosphorus Sorption in Marsh Soils from Coastal Wetlands with Different Flooding Conditions.” Chemosphere 188. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrow, N. J. 2015. “Soil Phosphate Chemistry and the P-Sparing Effect of Previous Phosphate Applications.” Plant and Soil. doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2514-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bera, R., A. Seal, P. Bhattacharyya, K. Mukhopadhyay, and R. Giri. 2006. “Phosphate Sorption Desorption Characteristics of Some Ferruginous Soils of Tropical Region in Eastern India.” Environmental Geology 51 (3): 399–407. doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0335-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, T. F. A., and A. B. McBratney. 2001. “A Comparison of Prediction Methods for the Creation of Field-Extent Soil Property Maps.” Geoderma 103 (1–2). doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00074-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiman, Leo, Adele Cutler, Andy Liaw, and Matthew Wiener. 2022. “Breiman and Cutler’s Random Forests for Classification and Regression.” doi:10.1023/A:1010933404324.
   Google Scholar
• Burkitt, L. L., C. J. P. Gourley, M. C. Hannah, and P. W. G. Sale. 2006. “Assessing Alternative Approaches to Predicting Soil Phosphorus Sorption.” Soil Use and Management 22 (4): 325–333. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2006.00042.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad, O., B. Bechtel, M. Bock, H. Dietrich, E. Fischer, L. Gerlitz, J. Wehberg, V. Wichmann, and J. Böhner. 2015. “System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) v. 2.1.4.” Geoscientific Model Development 8 (7): 1991–2007. doi:10.5194/gmd-8-1991-2015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, K., D. Jeffrey, and H. Tunney. 2001. “The Effect of Soil Type on Phosphorus Sorption Capacity and Desorption Dynamics in Irish Grassland Soils.” Soil Use and Management 17 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2001.tb00003.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, K., D. Styles, S. Lalor, and D. P. Wall. 2015. “Phosphorus Sorption, Supply Potential and Availability in Soils with Contrasting Parent Material and Soil Chemical Properties.” European Journal of Soil Science 66 (4): 792–801. doi:10.1111/ejss.12260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day, P. R. 1995. “Particle fractionation and particle‐size analysis.” In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling . Vol. 9, 545–567. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
   Google Scholar
• Deane-Mayer, Zachary A., and Jared E. Knowles. 2019. “CaretEnsemble: Ensembles of Caret Models.” R Package Version 2.0.1.
   Google Scholar
• Douaoui, A. E. K., H. Nicolas, and C. Walter. 2006. “Detecting salinity hazards within a semiarid context by means of combining soil and remote-sensing data.” Geoderma 134 (1-2): 217–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, E., C. Terrer, A. F. Pellegrini, A. Ahlström, C. J. Van Lissa, X. Zhao, N. Xia, X. Wu, and R. B. Jackson. 2020. “Global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus limitation.” Nature Geoscience 13 (3): 221–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, Enzai, Wim De Vries, Wenxuan Han, Xuejun Liu, Zhengbing Yan, and Yuan Jiang. 2016. “Imbalanced Phosphorus and Nitrogen Deposition in China’s Forests.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 (13). doi:10.5194/acp-16-8571-2016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foody, Giles M., Mark E. Cutler, Julia McMorrow, Dieter Pelz, Hamzah Tangki, Doreen S. Boyd, and Ian Douglas. 2001. “Mapping the Biomass of Bornean Tropical Rain Forest from Remotely Sensed Data.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 10 (4). doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00248.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghodszad, Larissa, Adel Reyhanitabar, Shahin Oustan, and Leila Alidohkt. 2022. “Phosphorus Sorption and Desorption Characteristics of Soils as Affected by Biochar.” Soil and Tillage Research 216. doi:10.1016/j.still.2021.105251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghorbanian, Arsalan, Mohammad Kakooei, Meisam Amani, Sahel Mahdavi, Ali Mohammadzadeh, and Mahdi Hasanlou. 2020. “Improved Land Cover Map of Iran Using Sentinel Imagery Within Google Earth Engine and a Novel Automatic Workflow for Land Cover Classification Using Migrated Training Samples.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 167. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.07.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh, Tee Boon, and A. R. Mermut. 2007. “Carbonates.” In Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. 2nd ed. doi:10.1201/9781420042344-5.
   Google Scholar
• Hafiz, Nureza, Shirajum Monira Adity, Sadia Farah Mitu, and Atikur Rahman. 2016. “Effect of Manure Types on Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics of an Agricultural Soil in Bangladesh.” Cogent Food and Agriculture 2 (1). doi:10.1080/23311932.2016.1270160.
   Google Scholar
• Hengl, Tomislav, Gerard B.M. Heuvelink, Bas Kempen, Johan G.B. Leenaars, Markus G. Walsh, Keith D. Shepherd, Andrew Sila, et al. 2015. “Mapping Soil Properties of Africa at 250 m Resolution: Random Forests Significantly Improve Current Predictions.” PLoS ONE 10 (6). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holford, I. C. R. 1997. “Soil Phosphorus: Its Measurement, and Its Uptake by Plants.” Australian Journal of Soil Research 35 (2). doi:10.1071/S96047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hue, N. V., and R. L. Fox. 2010. “Predicting Plant Phosphorus Requirements for Hawaii Soils Using a Combination of Phosphorus Sorption Isotherms and Chemical Extraction Methods.” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 41 (2). doi:10.1080/00103620903426949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalambukattu, Justin George, Suresh Kumar, and R. Arya Raj. 2018. “Digital Soil Mapping in a Himalayan Watershed Using Remote Sensing and Terrain Parameters Employing Artificial Neural Network Model.” Environmental Earth Sciences 77 (5): 203. doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7367-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, Nasir M., Victor V. Rastoskuev, Y. Sato, and S. Shiozawa. 2005. “Assessment of Hydrosaline Land Degradation by Using a Simple Approach of Remote Sensing Indicators.” In Agricultural Water Management, 77. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.038.
   Google Scholar
• Khanal, Sami, John Fulton, Andrew Klopfenstein, Nathan Douridas, and Scott Shearer. 2018. “Integration of High Resolution Remotely Sensed Data and Machine Learning Techniques for Spatial Prediction of Soil Properties and Corn Yield.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 153. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.07.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruse, Jens, Marion Abraham, Wulf Amelung, Christel Baum, Roland Bol, Oliver Kühn, Hans Lewandowski, et al. 2015. “Innovative Methods in Soil Phosphorus Research: A Review.” Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. doi:10.1002/jpln.201400327.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar, Manoj. 2015. “Phosphate Requirement of Acidic Soils in Northeast India: A Reappraisal Based on Phosphate Sorption Isotherms.” National Academy Science Letters 38 (5). doi:10.1007/s40009-015-0376-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laverdière, M. R., and A. Karam. 1984. “Sorption of Phosphorus by Some Surface Soils from Quebec in Relation to Their Properties.” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 15 (10): 1215–1230. doi:10.1080/00103628409367552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., Y. L. Hou, and B. Zhu. 2007. “Phosphorus Sorption-Desorption by Purple Soils of China in Relation to Their Properties.” Australian Journal of Soil Research 45 (3). doi:10.1071/SR06135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw, Andy, and Matthew Wiener. 2002. “Classification and Regression with Random Forest.” R News 2.
   Google Scholar
• Maleki, Sedigheh, Farhad Khormali, Jahangir Mohammadi, Patrick Bogaert, and Mohsen Bagheri Bodaghabadi. 2020. “Effect of the Accuracy of Topographic Data on Improving Digital Soil Mapping Predictions with Limited Soil Data: An Application to the Iranian Loess Plateau.” Catena 195. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2020.104810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra, Hina, Sandeep Sharma Vandana, and Renu Pandey. 2018. “Phosphorus Nutrition: Plant Growth in Response to Deficiency and Excess.” In Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-9044-8_7.
   Google Scholar
• Malone, B. P., A. B. McBratney, B. Minasny, and G. M. Laslett. 2009. “Mapping Continuous Depth Functions of Soil Carbon Storage and Available Water Capacity.” Geoderma 154 (1-2): 138–152. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBratney, A. B., M. L. Mendonça Santos, and B. Minasny. 2003. “On Digital Soil Mapping.” Geoderma 117 (1–2): 3–52. doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00223-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, Cen, Huanyao Liu, Yuyuan Li, Jianlin Shen, Xi Li, Yue Deng, Dianlin Gong, and Jinshui Wu. 2022. “Influence Path Identification of Topography, Soil, Hydrology and Landscape on Phosphorus Buffering Capacity in Typical Agricultural Catchments in Central Subtropical China.” Journal of Environmental Management 315. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalak, J. 2004. “{DEM} Data Obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission–SRTM-3.” Ann. Geomat 2 (1): 33–44.
   Google Scholar
• Mihoub, Adil, Mustapha Daddi Bouhoun, and Mohamed Lakhdar Saker. 2016. “Phosphorus Adsorption Isotherm: A Key Aspect for Effective Use and Environmentally Friendly Management of Phosphorus Fertilizers in Calcareous Soils.” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 47 (16). doi:10.1080/00103624.2016.1206923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirchooli, F., M. Kiani-Harchegani, A. K. Darvishan, S. Falahatkar, and S. H. Sadeghi. 2020. “Spatial Distribution Dependency of Soil Organic Carbon Content to Important Environmental Variables.” Ecological Indicators 116: 106473. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misbah, Khalil, Ahmed Laamrani, Keltoum Khechba, Driss Dhiba, and Abdelghani Chehbouni. 2022. “Multi-Sensors Remote Sensing Applications for Assessing, Monitoring, and Mapping Npk Content in Soil and Crops in African Agricultural Land.” Remote Sensing. doi:10.3390/rs14010081.
   Google Scholar
• Møller, Anders Bjørn, Goswin Heckrath, Cecilie Hermansen, Trine Nørgaard, Lis Wollesen de Jonge, and Mogens Humlekrog Greve. 2022. “Mapping the Phosphorus Sorption Capacity of Danish Soils with Quantile Regression Forests and Uncertainty Propagation.” SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4213200.
   Google Scholar
• Mponela, Powell, Sieglinde Snapp, Grace B. Villamor, Lulseged Tamene, Quang Bao Le, and Christian Borgemeister. 2020. “Digital Soil Mapping of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon and Their Crop Response Thresholds in Smallholder Managed Escarpments of Malawi.” Applied Geography 124. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, J., and J. P. Riley. 1962. “A Modified Single Solution Method for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural Waters.” Analytica Chimica Acta 27 (C). doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5.
   Google Scholar
• Naimi, Salman, Shamsollah Ayoubi, Luis Augusto Di Loreto Di Raimo, and Jose Alexandre Melo Dematte. 2022. “Quantification of Some Intrinsic Soil Properties Using Proximal Sensing in Arid Lands: Application of Vis-NIR, MIR, and PXRF Spectroscopy.” Geoderma Regional 28. doi:10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, D. W., and L. E. Sommers. 1996. “Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. BT – Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods.” Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods 5: 961–1010.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, W., B. Minasny, A. McBratney, P. de Caritat, and J. Wilford. 2023. “Digital Soil Mapping of Lithium in Australia.” Earth System Science Data Discussions, 1–25. doi:10.5194/essd-2022-418.
   Google Scholar
• Nikolakopoulos, Konstantinos G. 2003. “Use of Vegetation Indexes with ASTER VNIR Data for Burnt Areas Detection in Western Peloponnese, Greece.” International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 5. doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294758.
   Google Scholar
• Parra, Jeison Sanchez, Zigomar Menezes de Souza, Stanley Robson Medeiros de Oliveira, Camila Viana Vieira Farhate, José Marques, and Diego Siqueira. 2022. “Phosphorus Adsorption Prediction Through Decision Tree Algorithm Under Different Topographic Conditions in Sugarcane Fields.” Catena 213. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2022.106114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierzynski, Gary M., Richard W. McDowell, and J. Thomas Sims. 2015. “Chemistry, Cycling, and Potential Movement of Inorganic Phosphorus in Soils.” 51–86. doi:10.2134/agronmonogr46.c3.
   Google Scholar
• Quinlan, J. R. 1992. “Learning with Continuous Classes.” In Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
   Google Scholar
• Quintero, Cesar E., Norma G. Boschetti, and René A. Benavidez. 2003. “Effect of Soil Buffer Capacity on Soil Test Phosphorus Interpretation and Fertilizer Requirement.” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34 (9–10). doi:10.1081/CSS-120020455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven, K. P., and L. R. Hossner. 1994. “Sorption and Desorption Quantity-Intensity Parameters Related to Plant-Available Soil Phosphorus.” Soil Science Society of America Journal 58 (2). doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020024x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, Shibendu, J. Singh, Gargi Das, and S. Panigrahy. 2004. “Use of High Resolution Remote Sensing Data for Generating Site-Specific Soil Management Plan,” 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Rayment, G. E. E., and F. R. R. Higginson. 1992. “Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods.” In Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook.
   Google Scholar
• Recena, Ramiro, Isabel Díaz, María Carmen del Campillo, José Torrent, and Antonio Delgado. 2016. “Calculation of Threshold Olsen P Values for Fertilizer Response from Soil Properties.” Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36 (4). doi:10.1007/s13593-016-0387-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, N. N., and B. S. Das. 2023. “Digital Soil Mapping of key Secondary Soil Properties Using Pedotransfer Functions and Indian Legacy Soil Data.” Geoderma 429: 116265. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoades, J. D.. 1982. “Cation exchange capacity.” In Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties , edited by A. L. Page, R. H. Miller , and D. R. Keeney, 149–157. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Soil Science Society of America. Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Rizzo, Rodnei, José A.M. Demattê, Igo F. Lepsch, Bruna C. Gallo, and Caio T. Fongaro. 2016. “Digital Soil Mapping at Local Scale Using a Multi-Depth Vis-NIR Spectral Library and Terrain Attributes.” Geoderma 274. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roecker, S. M., and J. A. Thompson. 2010. “Scale Effects on Terrain Attribute Calculation and Their Use as Environmental Covariates for Digital Soil Mapping.” In Digital Soil Mapping. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8863-5_5.
   Google Scholar
• Samadi, A. 2006. “Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics in Relation to Soil Properties in Some Calcareous Soils of Western Azarbaijan Province.” Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 8.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Alcalá, I., M. C. del Campillo, V. Barrón, and J. Torrent. 2014. “The Olsen P/Solution P Relationship as Affected by Soil Properties.” Soil Use and Management 30 (4): 454–462. doi:10.1111/sum.12141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabou, Marouen, Bernard Mougenot, Zohra Lili Chabaane, Christian Walter, Gilles Boulet, Nadhira Ben Aissa, and Mehrez Zribi. 2015. “Soil Clay Content Mapping Using a Time Series of Landsat TM Data in Semi-Arid Lands.” Remote Sensing 7 (5). doi:10.3390/rs70506059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahabifar, Jafar, Ebrahim Panahpour, Farhad Moshiri, Ali Gholami, and Mehrzad Mostashari. 2019. “The Quantity/Intensity Relation Is Affected by Chemical and Organic P Fertilization in Calcareous Soils.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 172. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Jianbo, Lixing Yuan, Junling Zhang, Haigang Li, Zhaohai Bai, Xinping Chen, Weifeng Zhang, and Fusuo Zhang. 2011. “Phosphorus Dynamics: From Soil to Plant.” Plant Physiology 156 (3). doi:10.1104/pp.111.175232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirvani, Mehran, Hosein Shariatmadari, and Mahmoud Kalbasi. 2005. “Phosphorus Buffering Capacity Indices as Related to Soil Properties and Plant Uptake.” Journal of Plant Nutrition 28 (3). doi:10.1081/PLN-200049235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soil Survey Staff – NRCS/USDA. 2014. “Keys to Soil Taxonomy.” Soil Conservation Service 12.
   Google Scholar
• Tajik, Samaneh, Shamsollah Ayoubi, Hossein Shirani, and Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh. 2019. “Digital Mapping of Soil Invertebrates Using Environmental Attributes in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem.” Geoderma 353. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, Cathy L., Javier Hernandez-Allica, Sarah J. Dunham, Steve P. McGrath, and Stephan M. Haefele. 2021. “A Comparison of Soil Texture Measurements Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIRS) and Laser Diffraction Analysis (LDA) in Diverse Soils.” Scientific Reports 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79618-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triantafilis, John, Scott Mitchell Lesch, Kevin La Lau, and Sam Mostyn Buchanan. 2009. “Field Level Digital Soil Mapping of Cation Exchange Capacity Using Electromagnetic Induction and a Hierarchical Spatial Regression Model.” Australian Journal of Soil Research 47 (7). doi:10.1071/SR08240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vapnik, Vladimir N. 1995. “The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory.” The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0.
   Google Scholar
• Vaudour, E., C. Gomez, Y. Fouad, and P. Lagacherie. 2019. “Sentinel-2 Image Capacities to Predict Common Topsoil Properties of Temperate and Mediterranean Agroecosystems.” Remote Sensing of Environment 223: 21–33. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.01.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, Philip J., and John P. Hammond. 2008. “Phosphorus Nutrition of Terrestrial Plants.” doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8435-5_4.
   Google Scholar
• Wilding, L. P. 1985. “Spatial Variability: Its Documentation, Accommodation and Implication to Soil Surveys.” Soil Spatial Variability.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, Stewart, Kerri Steenwerth, and Anthony O’Geen. 2023. “Mapping Phosphorus Sorption and Availability in California Vineyard Soils Using an Ensemble of Machine Learning Models.” Soil Science Society of America Journal 87 (1). doi:10.1002/saj2.20487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisawapipat, Worachart, Irb Kheoruenromne, Anchalee Suddhiprakarn, and Robert J. Gilkes. 2009. “Phosphate Sorption and Desorption by Thai Upland Soils.” Geoderma 153 (3–4). doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.09.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeraatpisheh, Mojtaba, Shamsollah Ayoubi, Azam Jafari, and Peter Finke. 2017. “Comparing the Efficiency of Digital and Conventional Soil Mapping to Predict Soil Types in a Semi-Arid Region in Iran.” Geomorphology 285. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.02.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar