1,993
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The future of global land change monitoring

ORCID Icon
Pages 2279-2300 | Received 13 Apr 2023, Accepted 07 Jun 2023, Published online: 16 Jun 2023

References

  • Achard, F., H. D. Eva, H. J. Stibig, P. Mayaux, J. Gallego, T. Richards, and J. P. Malingreau. 2002. “Determination of Deforestation Rates of the World's Humid Tropical Forests.” Science 297 (5583): 999–1002. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1070656.
  • Arino, O., D. Gross, F. Ranera, M. Leroy, P. Bicheron, C. Brockman, P. Defourny, et al. 2007. “GlobCover: ESA Service for Global Land Cover from MERIS.” Paper presented at the 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 23-28 July 2007.
  • Badgley, Grayson, Christopher B. Field, and Joseph A. Berry. 2017. “Canopy Near-Infrared Reflectance and Terrestrial Photosynthesis.” Science Advances 3 (3): e1602244. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602244.
  • Bartholomé, E., and A. S. Belward. 2005. “GLC2000: A new Approach to Global Land Cover Mapping from Earth Observation Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 26 (9): 1959–1977. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160412331291297.
  • Baumann, Matthias, and Tobias Kuemmerle. 2016. “The Impacts of Warfare and Armed Conflict on Land Systems.” Journal of Land Use Science 11 (6): 672–688. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2016.1241317.
  • Becker-Reshef, I., E. Vermote, M. Lindeman, and C. Justice. 2010. “A Generalized Regression-Based Model for Forecasting Winter Wheat Yields in Kansas and Ukraine Using MODIS Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (6): 1312–1323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.01.010.
  • Berger, Michael, Jose Moreno, Johnny A. Johannessen, Pieternel F. Levelt, and Ramon F. Hanssen. 2012. “ESA's Sentinel Missions in Support of Earth System Science.” Remote Sensing of Environment 120:84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.07.023.
  • Brandt, M., C. J. Tucker, A. Kariryaa, K. Rasmussen, C. Abel, J. Small, J. Chave, et al. 2020. “An Unexpectedly Large Count of Trees in the West African Sahara and Sahel.” Nature 587 (7832): 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2824-5.
  • Breiman, Leo. 2001. “Random Forests.” Machine Learning 45 (1): 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324.
  • Broich, Mark, Stephen V. Stehman, Matthew C. Hansen, Peter Potapov, and Yosio E. Shimabukuro. 2009. “A Comparison of Sampling Designs for Estimating Deforestation from Landsat Imagery: A Case Study of the Brazilian Legal Amazon.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (11): 2448–2454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.011.
  • Brown, Christopher F., Steven P. Brumby, Brookie Guzder-Williams, Tanya Birch, Samantha Brooks Hyde, Joseph Mazzariello, Wanda Czerwinski, et al. 2022. “Dynamic World, Near Real-Time Global 10 m Land use Land Cover Mapping.” Scientific Data 9 (1): 251. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01307-4.
  • Bullock, Eric L., Curtis E. Woodcock, Carlos Souza Jr, and Pontus Olofsson. 2020. “Satellite-Based Estimates Reveal Widespread Forest Degradation in the Amazon.” Global Change Biology 26 (5): 2956–2969. doi:10.1111/gcb.15029.
  • Burke, Marshall B., Edward Miguel, Shanker Satyanath, John A. Dykema, and David B. Lobell. 2009. “Warming Increases the Risk of Civil war in Africa.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (49): 20670–4. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907998106.
  • Ceccherini, Guido, Gregory Duveiller, Giacomo Grassi, Guido Lemoine, Valerio Avitabile, Roberto Pilli, and Alessandro Cescatti. 2020. “Abrupt Increase in Harvested Forest Area Over Europe After 2015.” Nature 583 (7814): 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2438-y.
  • Chatenoux, B., J. P. Richard, D. Small, C. Roeoesli, V. Wingate, C. Poussin, D. Rodila, et al. 2021. “The Swiss Data Cube, Analysis Ready Data Archive Using Earth Observations of Switzerland.” Scientific Data 8 (1): 295. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01076-6.
  • Chen, Jun, Jin Chen, Anping Liao, Xin Cao, Lijun Chen, Xuehong Chen, Chaoying He, et al. 2015. “Global Land Cover Mapping at 30m Resolution: A POK-Based Operational Approach.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 103:7–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.09.002.
  • Cihlar, J. 2000. “Land Cover Mapping of Large Areas from Satellites: Status and Research Priorities.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 21 (6-7): 1093–1114. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210092.
  • Claverie, Martin, Junchang Ju, Jeffrey G. Masek, Jennifer L. Dungan, Eric F. Vermote, Jean-Claude Roger, Sergii V. Skakun, and Christopher Justice. 2018. “The Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 Surface Reflectance Data set.” Remote Sensing of Environment 219:145–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.002.
  • Cohen-Shacham, E., G. Walters, C. Janzen, and S. Maginnis. 2016. “Nature-based Solutions to Address Global Societal Challenges”, xiii + 97pp. Switzerland: IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2016.13.en.
  • Curtis, Philip G., Christy M. Slay, Nancy L. Harris, Alexandra Tyukavina, and Matthew C. Hansen. 2018. “Classifying Drivers of Global Forest Loss.” Science 361 (6407): 1108–1111. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3445.
  • DeFries, Ruth S., Christopher B. Field, Inez Fung, Christopher O. Justice, Sietse Los, Pamela A. Matson, Elaine Matthews, et al. 1995a. “Mapping the Land Surface for Global Atmosphere-Biosphere Models: Toward Continuous Distributions of Vegetation's Functional Properties.” Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (D10): 20867–20882. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD01536.
  • DeFries, Ruth, Matthew Hansen, and John Townshend. 1995b. “Global Discrimination of Land Cover Types from Metrics Derived from AVHRR Pathfinder Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 54 (3): 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(95)00142-5.
  • DeFries, R. S., M. Hansen, J. R. G. Townshend, and R. Sohlberg. 1998. “Global Land Cover Classifications at 8 km Spatial Resolution: The use of Training Data Derived from Landsat Imagery in Decision Tree Classifiers.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 19 (16): 3141–3168. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311698214235.
  • Defries, R. S., and J. R. G. Townshend. 1994. “NDVI-derived Land Cover Classifications at a Global Scale.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 15 (17): 3567–3586. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169408954345.
  • Deines, Jillian M., Rinkal Patel, Sang-Zi Liang, Walter Dado, and David B. Lobell. 2021. “A Million Kernels of Truth: Insights Into Scalable Satellite Maize Yield Mapping and Yield gap Analysis from an Extensive Ground Dataset in the US Corn Belt.” Remote Sensing of Environment 253:112174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112174.
  • Dell’Angelo, Jampel, Maria Cristina Rulli, and Paolo D’Odorico. 2023. “Will war in Ukraine Escalate the Global Land Rush?” Science 379 (6634): 752–755. doi:doi:10.1126/science.adf9351.
  • Dubayah, Ralph, James Bryan Blair, Scott Goetz, Lola Fatoyinbo, Matthew Hansen, Sean Healey, Michelle Hofton, et al. 2020. “The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation: High-Resolution Laser Ranging of the Earth’s Forests and Topography.” Science of Remote Sensing 1: 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2020.100002.
  • Dwyer, John L., David P. Roy, Brian Sauer, Calli B. Jenkerson, Hankui K. Zhang, and Leo Lymburner. 2018. “Analysis Ready Data: Enabling Analysis of the Landsat Archive.” Remote Sensing 10 (9): 1363. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091363.
  • Edwards, Morgan R., Tracey Holloway, R. Bradley Pierce, Lew Blank, Madison Broddle, Eric Choi, Bryan N. Duncan, et al. 2022. “Satellite Data Applications for Sustainable Energy Transitions.” Frontiers in Sustainability 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2022.910924.
  • Feng, Yu, Zhenzhong Zeng, Timothy D. Searchinger, Alan D. Ziegler, Jie Wu, Dashan Wang, Xinyue He, et al. 2022. “Doubling of Annual Forest Carbon Loss Over the Tropics During the Early Twenty-First Century.” Nature Sustainability 5 (5): 444–451. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00854-3.
  • Ferreira, Karine R., Gilberto R. Queiroz, Lubia Vinhas, Rennan F. B. Marujo, Rolf E. O Simoes, Michelle C. A. Picoli, Gilberto Camara, et al. 2020. “Earth Observation Data Cubes for Brazil: Requirements, Methodology and Products.” Remote Sensing 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244033.
  • Foley, J. A., R. Defries, G. P. Asner, C. Barford, G. Bonan, S. R. Carpenter, F. S. Chapin, et al. 2005. “Global Consequences of Land use.” Science 309 (5734): 570–574. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772.
  • Friedl, M. A., D. K. McIver, J. C. F. Hodges, X. Y. Zhang, D. Muchoney, A. H. Strahler, C. E. Woodcock, et al. 2002. “Global Land Cover Mapping from MODIS: Algorithms and Early Results.” Remote Sensing of Environment 83 (1-2): 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00078-0.
  • Friedl, Mark A., Curtis E. Woodcock, Pontus Olofsson, Zhe Zhu, Tom Loveland, Radost Stanimirova, Paulo Arevalo, et al. 2022. “Medium Spatial Resolution Mapping of Global Land Cover and Land Cover Change Across Multiple Decades from Landsat.” Frontiers in Remote Sensing 3: 894571. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.894571
  • Gallego, F. J. 2004. “Remote Sensing and Land Cover Area Estimation.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 25 (15): 3019–3047. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160310001619607.
  • Gao, Feng, Martha Anderson, Craig Daughtry, Arnon Karnieli, Dean Hively, and William Kustas. 2020. “A Within-Season Approach for Detecting Early Growth Stages in Corn and Soybean Using High Temporal and Spatial Resolution Imagery.” Remote Sensing of Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111752
  • Gauthier, S., P. Bernier, T. Kuuluvainen, A. Z. Shvidenko, and D. G. Schepaschenko. 2015. “Boreal Forest Health and Global Change.” Science 349 (6250): 819–822. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa9092.
  • Geist, Helmut J., and E. F. Lambin. 2002. “Proximate Causes and Underlying Driving Forces of Tropical Deforestation.” BioScience 52 (2): 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0143:PCAUDF]2.0.CO;2.
  • Gong, Peng, Jie Wang, Le Yu, Yongchao Zhao, Yuanyuan Zhao, Lu Liang, Zhenguo Niu, et al. 2013. “Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover: First Mapping Results with Landsat TM and ETM+ Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (7): 2607–2654. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.748992.
  • Guan, K., J. A. Berry, Y. Zhang, J. Joiner, L. Guanter, G. Badgley, and D. B. Lobell. 2016. “Improving the Monitoring of Crop Productivity Using Spaceborne Solar-Induced Fluorescence.” Global Change Biology 22 (2): 716–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13136.
  • Guanter, Luis, Hermann Kaufmann, Karl Segl, Saskia Foerster, Christian Rogass, Sabine Chabrillat, Theres Kuester, et al. 2015. “The EnMAP Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy Mission for Earth Observation.” Remote Sensing 7 (7): 8830–8857. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70708830.
  • Guanter, L., Y. Zhang, M. Jung, J. Joiner, M. Voigt, J. A. Berry, C. Frankenberg, et al. 2014. “Global and Time-Resolved Monitoring of Crop Photosynthesis with Chlorophyll Fluorescence.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (14): E1327–E1333. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320008111.
  • Guo, H., D. Liang, Z. Sun, F. Chen, X. Wang, J. Li, L. Zhu, et al. 2022. “Measuring and Evaluating SDG Indicators with Big Earth Data.” Science Bulletin 67 (17): 1792–1801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2022.07.015.
  • Hansen, Matthew. 2023. “OPERA Land Surface Disturbance Alert from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 Provisional Product (Version 0).” In.: NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC.
  • Hansen, M. C., R. S. DeFries, J. R. G. Townshend, M. Carroll, C. Dimiceli, and R. A. Sohlberg. 2003. “Global Percent Tree Cover at a Spatial Resolution of 500 Meters: First Results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Algorithm.” Earth Interactions 7 (10): 1. https://doi.org/10.1175/1087-3562(2003)007<0001:GPTCAA>2.0.CO;2
  • Hansen, M. C., R. S. DeFries, J. R. G. Townshend, and R. A. Sohlberg. 2000. “Global Land Cover Classification at 1 km Spatial Resolution Using a Classification Tree Approach.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 21 (6-7): 1331–1364. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210209.
  • Hansen, Matthew C., Alexander Krylov, Alexandra Tyukavina, Peter V. Potapov, Svetlana Turubanova, Bryan Zutta, Suspense Ifo, Belinda Margono, Fred Stolle, and Rebecca Moore. 2016. “Humid Tropical Forest Disturbance Alerts Using Landsat Data.” Environmental Research Letters 11 (3): 0034008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034008.
  • Hansen, Matthew C., and Thomas R. Loveland. 2012. “A Review of Large Area Monitoring of Land Cover Change Using Landsat Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 122: 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.024.
  • Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, Alexandra Tyukavina, D. Thau, et al. 2013. “High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change.” Science 342 (6160): 850–853. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244693.
  • Harris, Nancy L., David A. Gibbs, Alessandro Baccini, Richard A. Birdsey, Sytze de Bruin, Mary Farina, Lola Fatoyinbo, et al. 2021. “Global Maps of Twenty-First Century Forest Carbon Fluxes.” Nature Climate Change 11 (3): 234–240. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00976-6.
  • Huang, Chengquan, Samuel N. Goward, Jeffrey G. Masek, Nancy Thomas, Zhiliang Zhu, and James E. Vogelmann. 2010. “An Automated Approach for Reconstructing Recent Forest Disturbance History Using Dense Landsat Time Series Stacks.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (1): 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.017.
  • Huang, Ni, Li Wang, Xiao-Peng Song, T. Andrew Black, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Ranga B. Myneni, Chaoyang Wu, et al. 2020. “Spatial and Temporal Variations in Global Soil Respiration and Their Relationships with Climate and Land Cover.” Science Advances 6 (41): eabb8508. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb8508.
  • IPCC. 2023. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. In.
  • Johnson, David M. 2014. “An Assessment of pre- and Within-Season Remotely Sensed Variables for Forecasting Corn and Soybean Yields in the United States.” Remote Sensing of Environment 141: 116–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.10.027.
  • Kang, Yanghui, and Mutlu Özdoğan. 2019. “Field-level Crop Yield Mapping with Landsat Using a Hierarchical Data Assimilation Approach.” Remote Sensing of Environment 228: 144–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.005.
  • Karra, K., C. Kontgis, Z. Statman-Weil, J. C. Mazzariello, M. Mathis, and S. P. Brumby. 2021. “Global Land Use / Land Cover with Sentinel 2 and Deep Learning.” Paper presented at the 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, 11-16 July 2021.
  • Kellogg, K., P. Hoffman, S. Standley, S. Shaffer, P. Rosen, W. Edelstein, C. Dunn, et al. 2020. NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) Mission. Paper presented at the 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 7-14 March 2020.
  • Kennedy, Robert E., Zhiqiang Yang, and Warren B. Cohen. 2010. “Detecting Trends in Forest Disturbance and Recovery Using Yearly Landsat Time Series: 1. LandTrendr — Temporal Segmentation Algorithms.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (12): 2897–2910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.008.
  • Khan, Ahmad, Matthew C. Hansen, Peter Potapov, Bernard Adusei, Stephen V. Stehman, and Marc K. Steininger. 2021. “An Operational Automated Mapping Algorithm for in-Season Estimation of Wheat Area for Punjab, Pakistan.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 42 (10): 3833–3849. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2021.1883200.
  • King, LeeAnn, Bernard Adusei, Stephen Stehman, Peter V. Potapov, Xiao-Peng Song, Alexander Krylov, Carlos Di Bella, Thomas R. Loveland, David M. Johnson, and Matthew C. Hansen. 2017. “A Multi-Resolution Approach to National-Scale Cultivated Area Estimation of Soybean.” Remote Sensing of Environment 195: 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.047.
  • Kruitwagen, L., K. T. Story, J. Friedrich, L. Byers, S. Skillman, and C. Hepburn. 2021. “A Global Inventory of Photovoltaic Solar Energy Generating Units.” Nature 598 (7882): 604–610. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03957-7.
  • Lambin, Eric F., B. L. Turner, Helmut J. Geist, Samuel B. Agbola, Arild Angelsen, John W. Bruce, Oliver T. Coomes, et al. 2001. “The Causes of Land-use and Land-Cover Change: Moving Beyond the Myths.” Global Environmental Change 11 (4): 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(01)00007-3.
  • Landholm, David M., Prajal Pradhan, and Juergen P. Kropp. 2019. “Diverging Forest Land use Dynamics Induced by Armed Conflict Across the Tropics.” Global Environmental Change 56: 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.006.
  • Lark, T. J., S. A. Spawn, M. Bougie, and H. K. Gibbs. 2020. “Cropland Expansion in the United States Produces Marginal Yields at High Costs to Wildlife.” Nature Communications 11 (1): 4295. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18045-z.
  • Larson, E., C. Greig, J. Jenkins, E. Mayfield, A. Pascale, C. Zhang, J. Drossman, et al. 2021. “Net Zero America: Potential Pathways, Infrastructure, and Impacts.” In Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
  • Lewis, Simon L., David P. Edwards, and David Galbraith. 2015. “Increasing Human Dominance of Tropical Forests.” Science 349 (6250): 827–832. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa9932.
  • Lewis, Adam, Simon Oliver, Leo Lymburner, Ben Evans, Lesley Wyborn, Norman Mueller, Gregory Raevksi, et al. 2017. “The Australian Geoscience Data Cube — Foundations and Lessons Learned.” Remote Sensing of Environment 202: 276–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.015.
  • Li, Yan, Eugenia Kalnay, Safa Motesharrei, Jorge Rivas, Fred Kucharski, Daniel Kirk-Davidoff, Eviatar Bach, and Ning Zeng. 2018. “Climate Model Shows Large-Scale Wind and Solar Farms in the Sahara Increase Rain and Vegetation.” Science 361 (6406): 1019–1022. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5629.
  • Li, Xi-Ya, Xi Li, Ziying Fan, Li Mi, Tarek Kandakji, Zhen Song, Deren Li, and Xiao-Peng Song. 2022. “Civil war Hinders Crop Production and Threatens Food Security in Syria.” Nature Food 3 (1): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00432-4.
  • Li, Haijun, Xiao-Peng Song, Matthew C. Hansen, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Bernard Adusei, Jeffrey Pickering, Li Wang, et al. 2023. “Development of a 10-m Resolution Maize and Soybean map Over China: Matching Satellite-Based Crop Classification with Sample-Based Area Estimation.” Remote Sensing of Environment 294: 113623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113623.
  • Lin, Faqin, Xuecao Li, Ningyuan Jia, Fan Feng, Hai Huang, Jianxi Huang, Shenggen Fan, Philippe Ciais, and Xiao-Peng Song. 2023. “The Impact of Russia-Ukraine Conflict on Global Food Security.” Global Food Security 36: 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100661.
  • Lin, Chenxi, Liheng Zhong, Xiao-Peng Song, Jinwei Dong, David B. Lobell, and Zhenong Jin. 2022. “Early- and in-Season Crop Type Mapping Without Current-Year Ground Truth: Generating Labels from Historical Information via a Topology-Based Approach.” Remote Sensing of Environment 274: 112994. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2022.112994.
  • Liu, Shuguang, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Lena R. Boysen, James D. Ford, Andrew Fox, Kevin Gallo, Jerry Hatfield, et al. 2017. “Grand Challenges in Understanding the Interplay of Climate and Land Changes.” Earth Interactions 21 (2): 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-16-0012.1.
  • Liu, Xiaoxuan, Le Yu, Yali Si, Chi Zhang, Hui Lu, Chaoqing Yu, and Peng Gong. 2018. “Identifying Patterns and Hotspots of Global Land Cover Transitions Using the ESA CCI Land Cover Dataset.” Remote Sensing Letters 9 (10): 972–981. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2018.1500070.
  • Loveland, T. R., B. C. Reed, J. F. Brown, D. O. Ohlen, Z. Zhu, L. Yang, and J. W. Merchant. 2000. “Development of a Global Land Cover Characteristics Database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 21 (6-7): 1303–1330. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191.
  • Masek, Jeffrey G., Michael A. Wulder, Brian Markham, Joel McCorkel, Christopher J. Crawford, James Storey, and Del T. Jenstrom. 2020. “Landsat 9: Empowering Open Science and Applications Through Continuity.” Remote Sensing of Environment 248: 111968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111968.
  • McRoberts, Ronald E. 2011. “Satellite Image-Based Maps: Scientific Inference or Pretty Pictures?” Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (2): 715–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.013.
  • Meng, Ziqi, Jinwei Dong, Erle C. Ellis, Graciela Metternicht, Yuanwei Qin, Xiao-Peng Song, Sara Löfqvist, Rachael D. Garrett, Xiaopeng Jia, and Xiangming Xiao. 2023. “Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework Challenged by Cropland Expansion in Protected Areas.” Nature Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01093-w
  • Meyfroidt, P., A. de Bremond, C. M. Ryan, E. Archer, R. Aspinall, A. Chhabra, G. Camara, et al. 2022. “Ten Facts About Land Systems for Sustainability.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (7), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109217118.
  • Olsen, Victor Mackenhauer, Rasmus Fensholt, Pontus Olofsson, Rogerio Bonifacio, Van Butsic, Daniel Druce, Deepak Ray, and Alexander V. Prishchepov. 2021. “The Impact of Conflict-Driven Cropland Abandonment on Food Insecurity in South Sudan Revealed Using Satellite Remote Sensing.” Nature Food 2 (12): 990–996. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00417-3.
  • Palahí, Marc, Rubén Valbuena, Cornelius Senf, Nezha Acil, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Jonathan Sadler, Rupert Seidl, et al. 2021. “Concerns About Reported Harvests in European Forests.” Nature 592 (7856): E15–EE7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03292-x.
  • Popkin, Gabriel. 2021. “Forest Fight.” Science 374 (6572): 1184–1189. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.acx9733.
  • Potapov, P., Matthew C. Hansen, Indrani Kommareddy, Anil Kommareddy, Svetlana Turubanova, Amy Pickens, Bernard Adusei, Alexandra Tyukavina, and Qing Ying. 2020. “Landsat Analysis Ready Data for Global Land Cover and Land Cover Change Mapping.” Remote Sensing 12 (3): 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030426.
  • Potapov, Peter, Matthew C. Hansen, Amy Pickens, Andres Hernandez-Serna, Alexandra Tyukavina, Svetlana Turubanova, Viviana Zalles, et al. 2022a. “The Global 2000-2020 Land Cover and Land Use Change Dataset Derived from the Landsat Archive: First Results.” Frontiers in Remote Sensing 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.856903.
  • Potapov, Peter, Svetlana Turubanova, Matthew C. Hansen, Alexandra Tyukavina, Viviana Zalles, Ahmad Khan, Xiao-Peng Song, Amy Pickens, Quan Shen, and Jocelyn Cortez. 2022b. “Global Maps of Cropland Extent and Change Show Accelerated Cropland Expansion in the Twenty-First Century.” Nature Food 3: 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00429-z.
  • Prentice, I. Colin, Alberte Bondeau, Wolfgang Cramer, Sandy P. Harrison, Thomas Hickler, Wolfgang Lucht, Stephen Sitch, Ben Smith, and Martin T. Sykes. 2007. “Dynamic Global Vegetation Modeling: Quantifying Terrestrial Ecosystem Responses to Large-Scale Environmental Change.” In In Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World, edited by Josep G. Canadell, Diane E. Pataki, and Louis F. Pitelka, 175–192. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Reiche, Johannes, Adugna Mullissa, Bart Slagter, Yaqing Gou, Nandin-Erdene Tsendbazar, Christelle Odongo-Braun, Andreas Vollrath, et al. 2021. “Forest Disturbance Alerts for the Congo Basin Using Sentinel-1.” Environmental Research Letters 16 (2), https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd0a8.
  • Reiner, F., M. Brandt, X. Tong, D. Skole, A. Kariryaa, P. Ciais, A. Davies, et al. 2023. “More Than one Quarter of Africa's Tree Cover is Found Outside Areas Previously Classified as Forest.” Nature Communications 14 (1): 2258. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37880-4.
  • Rosenqvist, A., M. Shimada, S. Suzuki, F. Ohgushi, T. Tadono, M. Watanabe, K. Tsuzuku, T. Watanabe, S. Kamijo, and E. Aoki. 2014. “Operational Performance of the ALOS Global Systematic Acquisition Strategy and Observation Plans for ALOS-2 PALSAR-2.” Remote Sensing of Environment 155: 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.011.
  • Rosenzweig, C., J. W. Jones, J. L. Hatfield, A. C. Ruane, K. J. Boote, P. Thorburn, J. M. Antle, et al. 2013. “The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP): Protocols and Pilot Studies.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 170: 166–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.09.011.
  • Roy, D. P., M. A. Wulder, T. R. Loveland, C. E. Woodcock, R. G. Allen, M. C. Anderson, D. Helder, et al. 2014. “Landsat-8: Science and Product Vision for Terrestrial Global Change Research.” Remote Sensing of Environment 145: 154–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001.
  • Running, Steven W., Thomas R. Loveland, Lars L. Pierce, R. R. Nemani, and E. R. Hunt Jr. 1995. “A Remote Sensing Based Vegetation Classification Logic for Global Land Cover Analysis.” Remote Sensing of Environment 51 (1): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)00063-S.
  • Scheidel, Arnim, and Alevgul H. Sorman. 2012. “Energy Transitions and the Global Land Rush: Ultimate Drivers and Persistent Consequences.” Global Environmental Change 22 (3): 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.12.005.
  • Seddon, Nathalie, Alexandre Chausson, Pam Berry, Cécile A. J. Girardin, Alison Smith, and Beth Turner. 2020. “Understanding the Value and Limits of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change and Other Global Challenges.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375 (1794): 20190120. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0120.
  • Sexton, Joseph O., Xiao-Peng Song, Min Feng, Praveen Noojipady, Anupam Anand, Chengquan Huang, Do-Hyung Kim, et al. 2013. “Global, 30-m Resolution Continuous Fields of Tree Cover: Landsat-Based Rescaling of MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields with Lidar-Based Estimates of Error.” International Journal of Digital Earth 6 (5): 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2013.786146.
  • Shumilova, Oleksandra, Klement Tockner, Alexander Sukhodolov, Valentyn Khilchevskyi, Luc De Meester, Sergiy Stepanenko, Ganna Trokhymenko, Juan Antonio Hernández-Agüero, and Peter Gleick. 2023. “Impact of the Russia–Ukraine Armed Conflict on Water Resources and Water Infrastructure.” Nature Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01068-x.
  • Sitch, S., C. Huntingford, N. Gedney, P. E. Levy, M. Lomas, S. L. Piao, R. Betts, et al. 2008. “Evaluation of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle, Future Plant Geography and Climate-Carbon Cycle Feedbacks Using Five Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs).” Global Change Biology 14 (9): 2015–2039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01626.x.
  • Skole, David L., Cheikh Mbow, Maurice Mugabowindekwe, Martin S. Brandt, and Jay H. Samek. 2021. “Trees Outside of Forests as Natural Climate Solutions.” Nature Climate Change 11 (12): 1013–1016. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01230-3.
  • Skole, D. L., and C. J. Tucker. 1993. “Tropical Deforestation and Habitat Fragmentation in the Amazon: Satellite Data from 1978 to 1988.” Science 260 (5116): 1905–1909. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5116.1905.
  • Song, Xiao-Peng, Matthew C. Hansen, Peter V. Potapov, Bernard Adusei, Jeffrey Pickering, Marcos Adami, Andre Lima, et al. 2021a. “Massive Soybean Expansion in South America Since 2000 and Implications for Conservation.” Nature Sustainability 4: 784–792. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00729-z.
  • Song, Xiao-Peng, M. C. Hansen, S. V. Stehman, P. V. Potapov, A. Tyukavina, E. F. Vermote, and J. R. Townshend. 2018. “Global Land Change from 1982 to 2016.” Nature 560 (7720): 639–643. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0411-9.
  • Song, Xiao-Peng, Wenli Huang, Matthew C. Hansen, and Peter Potapov. 2021b. “An Evaluation of Landsat, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-1 and MODIS Data for Crop Type Mapping.” Science of Remote Sensing 3: 100018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2021.100018.
  • Song, Xiao-Peng, Chengquan Huang, Joseph O. Sexton, Saurabh Channan, and John R. Townshend. 2014. “Annual Detection of Forest Cover Loss Using Time Series Satellite Measurements of Percent Tree Cover.” Remote Sensing 6 (9): 8878–8903. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6098878.
  • Song, Xiao-Peng, Haijun Li, Peter Potapov, and Matthew C. Hansen. 2022. “Annual 30 m Soybean Yield Mapping in Brazil Using Long-Term Satellite Observations, Climate Data and Machine Learning.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 326: 109186. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109186.
  • Song, Xiao-Peng, Peter V. Potapov, Alexander Krylov, LeeAnn King, Carlos M. Di Bella, Amy Hudson, Ahmad Khan, Bernard Adusei, Stephen V. Stehman, and Matthew C. Hansen. 2017. “National-scale Soybean Mapping and Area Estimation in the United States Using Medium Resolution Satellite Imagery and Field Survey.” Remote Sensing of Environment 190: 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.01.008.
  • Song, Xiao-Peng, Joseph O. Sexton, Chengquan Huang, Saurabh Channan, and John R. Townshend. 2016. “Characterizing the Magnitude, Timing and Duration of Urban Growth from Time Series of Landsat-Based Estimates of Impervious Cover.” Remote Sensing of Environment 175: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.027.
  • Stavros, E. Natasha, Jon Chrone, Kerry Cawse -Nicholson, Anthony Freeman, Nancy F. Glenn, Liane Guild, Raymond Kokaly, et al. 2023. “Designing an Observing System to Study the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) of the Earth in the 2020s.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 128 (1), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006471.
  • Stehman, Stephen V., and Raymond L. Czaplewski. 1998. “Design and Analysis for Thematic Map Accuracy Assessment.” Remote Sensing of Environment 64 (3): 331–344. doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00010-8.
  • Stehman, Stephen V., and Dingfan Xing. 2022. “Confidence Intervals for Proportion of Area Estimated from a Stratified Random Sample.” Remote Sensing of Environment 280: 113193. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2022.113193.
  • Susskind, Lawrence, Jungwoo Chun, Alexander Gant, Chelsea Hodgkins, Jessica Cohen, and Sarah Lohmar. 2022. “Sources of Opposition to Renewable Energy Projects in the United States.” Energy Policy 165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112922.
  • Tong, X., M. Brandt, Y. Yue, P. Ciais, M. Rudbeck Jepsen, J. Penuelas, J. P. Wigneron, et al. 2020. “Forest Management in Southern China Generates Short Term Extensive Carbon Sequestration.” Nature Communications 11 (1): 129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13798-8.
  • Townshend, John, Christopher Justice, Wei Li, Charlotte Gurney, and Jim McManus. 1991. “Global Land Cover Classification by Remote Sensing: Present Capabilities and Future Possibilities.” Remote Sensing of Environment 35 (2-3): 243–255. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(91)90016-Y.
  • Townshend, John R., Jeffrey G. Masek, Chengquan Huang, Eric F. Vermote, Feng Gao, Saurabh Channan, Joseph O. Sexton, et al. 2012. “Global Characterization and Monitoring of Forest Cover Using Landsat Data: Opportunities and Challenges.” International Journal of Digital Earth 5 (5): 373–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2012.713190.
  • Tucker, C., M. Brandt, P. Hiernaux, A. Kariryaa, K. Rasmussen, J. Small, C. Igel, et al. 2023. “Sub-continental-scale Carbon Stocks of Individual Trees in African Drylands.” Nature 615 (7950): 80–8l. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05653-6.
  • Tucker, Compton J., John R.G. Townshend, and Thomas E. Goff. 1985. “African Land-Cover Classification Using Satellite Data.” Science 227 (4685): 369–375. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4685.369.
  • Turner, B. L., E. F. Lambin, and A. Reenberg. 2007. “The Emergence of Land Change Science for Global Environmental Change and Sustainability.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (52): 20666–20671. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704119104.
  • Tyukavina, Alexandra, Matthew C. Hansen, Peter Potapov, Diana Parker, Chima Okpa, Stephen V. Stehman, Indrani Kommareddy, and Svetlana Turubanova. 2018. “Congo Basin Forest Loss Dominated by Increasing Smallholder Clearing.” Science Advances 4 (11): eaat2993. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2993.
  • Tyukavina, Alexandra, Peter Potapov, Matthew C. Hansen, Amy H. Pickens, Stephen V. Stehman, Svetlana Turubanova, Diana Parker, et al. 2022. “Global Trends of Forest Loss Due to Fire from 2001 to 2019.” Frontiers in Remote Sensing 3: 825190. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.825190
  • van de Ven, D. J., I. Capellan-Perez, I. Arto, I. Cazcarro, C. de Castro, P. Patel, and M. Gonzalez-Eguino. 2021. “The Potential Land Requirements and Related Land use Change Emissions of Solar Energy.” Scientific Reports 11 (1): 2907. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82042-5.
  • Verbesselt, Jan, Rob Hyndman, Glenn Newnham, and Darius Culvenor. 2010. “Detecting Trend and Seasonal Changes in Satellite Image Time Series.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (1): 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.014.
  • Vitousek, Peter M., Harold A. Mooney, Jane Lubchenco, and Jerry M. Melillo. 1997. “Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems.” Science 277 (5325): 494–499. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5325.494.
  • Weiss, M., F. Jacob, and G. Duveiller. 2020. “Remote Sensing for Agricultural Applications: A Meta-Review.” Remote Sensing of Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111402.
  • Woodcock, Curtis E., Richard Allen, Martha Anderson, Alan Belward, Robert Bindschadler, Warren Cohen, Feng Gao, et al. 2008. “Free Access to Landsat Imagery.” Science 320 (5879): 1011. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5879.1011a.
  • Woodcock, Curtis E., Scott A. Macomber, Mary Pax-Lenney, and Warren B. Cohen. 2001. “Monitoring Large Areas for Forest Change Using Landsat: Generalization Across Space, Time and Landsat Sensors.” Remote Sensing of Environment 78 (1-2): 194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00259-0.
  • Wu, Genghong, Kaiyu Guan, Chongya Jiang, Bin Peng, Hyungsuk Kimm, Min Chen, Xi Yang, et al. 2020. “Radiance-based NIRv as a Proxy for GPP of Corn and Soybean.” Environmental Research Letters 15 (3), https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab65cc.
  • Wu, Zhuoting, Gregory Snyder, Carolyn Vadnais, Rohit Arora, Michael Babcock, Gregory Stensaas, Peter Doucette, and Timothy Newman. 2019. “User Needs for Future Landsat Missions.” Remote Sensing of Environment 231: 111214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111214.
  • Wulder, Michael A., Nicholas C. Coops, David P. Roy, Joanne C. White, and Txomin Hermosilla. 2018. “Land Cover 2.0.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 39 (12): 4254–4284. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1452075.
  • Wulder, Michael A., Jeffrey G. Masek, Warren B. Cohen, Thomas R. Loveland, and Curtis E. Woodcock. 2012. “Opening the Archive: How Free Data has Enabled the Science and Monitoring Promise of Landsat.” Remote Sensing of Environment 122: 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.010.
  • Wulder, Michael A., David P. Roy, Volker C. Radeloff, Thomas R. Loveland, Martha C. Anderson, David M. Johnson, Sean Healey, et al. 2022. “Fifty Years of Landsat Science and Impacts.” Remote Sensing of Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113195.
  • Zalles, Viviana, Matthew C. Hansen, Peter V. Potapov, Diana Parker, Stephen V. Stehman, Amy H. Pickens, Leandro Leal Parente, et al. 2021. “Rapid Expansion of Human Impact on Natural Land in South America Since 1985.” Science Advances 7 (14): eabg1620. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg1620.
  • Zanaga, Daniele, Ruben Van De Kerchove, Dirk Daems, Wanda De Keersmaecker, Carsten Brockmann, Grit Kirches, Jan Wevers, et al. 2022. “ESA WorldCover 10 m 2021 v200.” In. Zenodo.
  • Zhang, Xiao, Liangyun Liu, Xidong Chen, Yuan Gao, Shuai Xie, and Jun Mi. 2021. “GLC_FCS30: Global Land-Cover Product with Fine Classification System at 30 m Using Time-Series Landsat Imagery.” Earth System Science Data 13 (6): 2753–2776. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2753-2021.
  • Zhu, Zaichun, Shilong Piao, Ranga B. Myneni, Mengtian Huang, Zhenzhong Zeng, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, et al. 2016. “Greening of the Earth and its Drivers.” Nature Climate Change 6 (8): 791–795. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3004. http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v6/n8/abs/nclimate3004.html#supplementary-information.
  • Zhu, Xiao Xiang, Devis Tuia, Lichao Mou, Gui-Song Xia, Liangpei Zhang, Feng Xu, and Friedrich Fraundorfer. 2017. “Deep Learning in Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Review and List of Resources.” IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine 5 (4): 8–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2017.2762307.
  • Zhu, Zhe, and Curtis E. Woodcock. 2014. “Continuous Change Detection and Classification of Land Cover Using all Available Landsat Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 144: 152–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.011.