Understanding spatially nonstationary effects of natural and human-induced factors on land subsidence based on multi-temporal InSAR and multi-source geospatial data: a case study in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

References

• An, Bei, Yanan Jiang, Changcheng Wang, Peng Shen, Tianyi Song, Chihao Hu, and Kui Liu. 2023. “Ground Infrastructure Monitoring in Coastal Areas Using Time-Series inSAR Technology: The Case Study of Pudong International Airport, Shanghai.” International Journal of Digital Earth 16 (1): Taylor & Francis: 2171144. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2171144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagheri-Gavkosh, Mehdi, Seiyed Mossa Hosseini, Behzad Ataie-Ashtiani, Yasamin Sohani, Homa Ebrahimian, Faezeh Morovat, and Shervin Ashrafi. 2021. “Land Subsidence: A Global Challenge.” Science of The Total Environment 778 (July): 146193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bakr, Mahmoud. 2015. “Influence of Groundwater Management on Land Subsidence in Deltas.” Water Resources Management 29 (5): 1541–1555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0893-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucx, T. H. M., C. J. M. van Ruiten, G. Erkens, and G. de Lange. 2015. “An Integrated Assessment Framework for Land Subsidence in Delta Cities.” Proceedings of IAHS 372 (November). Copernicus GmbH: 485–491. doi:10.5194/piahs-372-485-2015.
   Google Scholar
• Bürgmann, Roland, Paul A. Rosen, and Eric J. Fielding. 2000. “Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry to Measure Earth’s Surface Topography and Its Deformation.” Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 28 (1): 169–209. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaussard, Estelle, Falk Amelung, Hasanudin Abidin, and Sang-Hoon Hong. 2013. “Sinking Cities in Indonesia: ALOS PALSAR Detects Rapid Subsidence Due to Groundwater and Gas Extraction.” Remote Sensing of Environment 128 (January): 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.015.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Beibei, Huili Gong, Xiaojuan Li, Kunchao Lei, Yinghai Ke, Guangyao Duan, and Chaofan Zhou. 2015. “Spatial Correlation Between Land Subsidence and Urbanization in Beijing, China.” Natural Hazards 75 (3): 2637–2652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1451-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, Diogo, Paolo Burlando, and Cindy Priadi. 2016. “The Importance of Integrated Solutions to Flooding and Water Quality Problems in the Tropical Megacity of Jakarta.” Sustainable Cities and Society 20: Elsevier: 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.09.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costantini, Mario, Fabio Malvarosa, Federico Minati, Francesco Trillo, and Francesco Vecchioli. 2017. “Complementarity of High-Resolution COSMO-SkyMed and Medium-Resolution Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry: Quantitative Analysis of Real Target Displacement and 3D Positioning Measurement Precision, and Potential Operational Scenarios.” In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 4602–4605. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8128026.
   Google Scholar
• Craney, Trevor A., and James G. Surles. 2002. “Model-Dependent Variance Inflation Factor Cutoff Values.” Quality Engineering 14 (3): Taylor & Francis: 391–403. https://doi.org/10.1081/QEN-120001878.
   Google Scholar
• Crosetto, Michele, Oriol Monserrat, María Cuevas-González, Núria Devanthéry, and Bruno Crippa. 2016. “Persistent Scatterer Interferometry: A Review.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Theme issue State-of-the-art in photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information science” 115 (May): 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.011.
   Google Scholar
• De Zan, F., and A. Monti Guarnieri. 2006. “TOPSAR: Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44 (9): 2352–2360. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.873853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Xiao-Li, Zhi-Wei Li, Jian-Jun Zhu, Guang-Cai Feng, and Jiang-Ping Long. 2008. “Atmospheric Effects on InSAR Measurements and Their Mitigation.” Sensors 8 (9): Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI): 5426–5448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Xiaoli, G. X. Liu, Z. W. Li, Zhilin Li, and Y. Q. Chen. 2004. “Ground Subsidence Monitoring in Hong Kong with Satellite SAR Interferometry.” Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 70 (10): 1151–1156. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.70.10.1151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dokka, Roy K., Giovanni F. Sella, and Timothy H. Dixon. 2006. “Tectonic Control of Subsidence and Southward Displacement of Southeast Louisiana with Respect to Stable North America.” Geophysical Research Letters 33 (23), https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, Yanan, Guangcai Feng, Lin Liu, Haiqiang Fu, Xing Peng, and Debao Wen. 2020. “Understanding Land Subsidence Along the Coastal Areas of Guangdong, China, by Analyzing Multi-Track MTInSAR Data.” Remote Sensing 12 (2): Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute: 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, Xiaoyun, Liyin Shen, Siu Wai Wong, Conghui Meng, and Zhenchuan Yang. 2021. “Night-Time Light Data Based Decoupling Relationship Analysis Between Economic Growth and Carbon Emission in 289 Chinese Cities.” Sustainable Cities and Society 73 (October): 103119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103119.
   Google Scholar
• El Ayady, Hasna, Kevin L. Mickus, Said Boutaleb, Zine El Abidine El Morjani, Mustapha Ikirri, Fatima Zahra Echogdali, Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa, et al. 2023. “Investigation of Groundwater Potential Using Geomatics and Geophysical Methods: Case Study of the Anzi Sub-Basin, Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco.” Advances in Space Research, August, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.08.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erban, Laura E., Steven M. Gorelick, Howard A. Zebker, and Scott Fendorf. 2013. “Release of Arsenic to Deep Groundwater in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Linked to Pumping-Induced Land Subsidence.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (34): 13751–13756. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300503110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezquerro, Pablo, Gerardo Herrera, Miguel Marchamalo, Roberto Tomás, Marta Béjar-Pizarro, and Rubén Martínez. 2014. “A Quasi-Elastic Aquifer Deformational Behavior: Madrid Aquifer Case Study.” Journal of Hydrology 519: Elsevier: 1192–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farr, Tom G., Paul A. Rosen, Edward Caro, Robert Crippen, Riley Duren, Scott Hensley, Michael Kobrick, et al. 2007. “The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.” Reviews of Geophysics 45 (2), https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferretti, Alessandro, Alfio Fumagalli, Fabrizio Novali, Claudio Prati, Fabio Rocca, and Alessio Rucci. 2011. “A New Algorithm for Processing Interferometric Data-Stacks: SqueeSAR.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 49 (9): 3460–3470. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2124465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferretti, A., C. Prati, and F. Rocca. 2001. “Permanent Scatterers in SAR Interferometry.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 39 (1): 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.898661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fildes, Stephen G., F. Ian, Nara M. Clark, and Glyn Ashman. Somaratne. 2020. “Mapping Groundwater Potential Zones Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems in a Fractured Rock Setting, Southern Flinders Ranges, South Australia.” Journal of Earth System Science 129 (1): 160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01420-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, Ronald A. 1956. Statistical Methods and Scientific Inference. Oxford, England: Hafner Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Fotheringham, A. Stewart, Chris Brunsdon, and Martin Charlton. 2003. Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Gebremichael, Esayas, Mohamed Sultan, Richard Becker, Mohamed El Bastawesy, Omar Cherif, and Mustafa Emil. 2018. “Assessing Land Deformation and Sea Encroachment in the Nile Delta: A Radar Interferometric and Inundation Modeling Approach.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123 (4): 3208–3224. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB015084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halder, Bijay, Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay, and Papiya Banik. 2021. “Monitoring the Effect of Urban Development on Urban Heat Island Based on Remote Sensing and Geo-Spatial Approach in Kolkata and Adjacent Areas, India.” Sustainable Cities and Society 74 (November): 103186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103186.
   Google Scholar
• Hanssen, Ramon F. 2001. Radar Interferometry: Data Interpretation and Error Analysis. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Herrera-García, Gerardo, Pablo Ezquerro, Roberto Tomás, Marta Béjar-Pizarro, Juan López-Vinielles, Mauro Rossi, Rosa M. Mateos, et al. 2021. “Mapping the Global Threat of Land Subsidence.” Science 371 (6524): American Association for the Advancement of Science: 34–36. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, Stephanie A., Irina Overeem, Michael S. Steckler, James P. M. Syvitski, Leonardo Seeber, and S. Humayun Akhter. 2014. “InSAR Measurements of Compaction and Subsidence in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, Bangladesh.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 119 (8): 1768–1781. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, Stephanie, Irina Overeem, Akiko Tanaka, and James P. M. Syvitski. 2013. “Land Subsidence at Aquaculture Facilities in the Yellow River Delta, China.” Geophysical Research Letters 40 (15): 3898–3902. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Xiao, Zhenlong Li, Yuqin Jiang, Xinyue Ye, Chengbin Deng, Jiajia Zhang, and Xiaoming Li. 2021. “The Characteristics of Multi-Source Mobility Datasets and How They Reveal the Luxury Nature of Social Distancing in the U.S. During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Digital Earth 14 (4): Taylor & Francis: 424–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.1886358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jendryke, Michael, and Stephen C. McClure. 2021. “Spatial Prediction of Sparse Events Using a Discrete Global Grid System; a Case Study of Hate Crimes in the USA.” International Journal of Digital Earth 14 (6): Taylor & Francis: 789–805. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.1886356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing, Fengrui, Zhenlong Li, Shan Qiao, Jiajia Zhang, Banky Olatosi, and Xiaoming Li. 2023. “Using Geospatial Social Media Data for Infectious Disease Studies: A Systematic Review.” International Journal of Digital Earth 16 (1): Taylor & Francis: 130–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2161652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Sang-Wan, Shimon Wdowinski, Timothy H. Dixon, Falk Amelung, Jeong Woo Kim, and Joong-Sun Won. 2010. “Measurements and Predictions of Subsidence Induced by Soil Consolidation Using Persistent Scatterer InSAR and a Hyperbolic Model.” Geophysical Research Letters 37 (5), https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041644.
   Google Scholar
• Kwan, Mei-Po. 2021. “The Stationarity Bias in Research on the Environmental Determinants of Health.” Health & Place 70 (July): 102609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102609.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lanari, R., O. Mora, M. Manunta, J. J. Mallorqui, P. Berardino, and E. Sansosti. 2004. “A Small-Baseline Approach for Investigating Deformations on Full-Resolution Differential SAR Interferograms.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 42 (7): 1377–1386. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.828196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Xun, Eddie Chi-Man Hui, Wei Lang, Shali Zheng, and Xiaozhen Qin. 2020. “Transition from Factor-Driven to Innovation-Driven Urbanization in China: A Study of Manufacturing Industry Automation in Dongguan City.” China Economic Review 59 (February): 101382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101382.
   Google Scholar
• Lyu, Hai-Min, Shui-Long Shen, An-Nan Zhou, and Wan-Huan Zhou. 2019. “Flood Risk Assessment of Metro Systems in a Subsiding Environment Using the Interval FAHP-FCA Approach.” Sustainable Cities and Society 50 (October): 101682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101682.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Peifeng, and Hui Lin. 2015. “Robust Detection of Single and Double Persistent Scatterers in Urban Built Environments.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 54 (4): IEEE: 2124–2139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Peifeng, Weixi Wang, Bowen Zhang, Jili Wang, Guoqiang Shi, Guangqing Huang, Fulong Chen, Liming Jiang, and Hui Lin. 2019. “Remotely Sensing Large-and Small-Scale Ground Subsidence: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area of China.” Remote Sensing of Environment 232: Elsevier: 111282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew, Aneesh, Sumit Khandelwal, and Nivedita Kaul. 2016. “Spatial and Temporal Variations of Urban Heat Island Effect and the Effect of Percentage Impervious Surface Area and Elevation on Land Surface Temperature: Study of Chandigarh City, India.” Sustainable Cities and Society 26: Elsevier: 264–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.06.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzotti, S., A. Lambert, M. Van der Kooij, and A. Mainville. 2009. “Impact of Anthropogenic Subsidence on Relative Sea-Level Rise in the Fraser River Delta.” Geology 37 (9): 771–774. https://doi.org/10.1130/G25640A.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, Xiangjin, Kebiao Mao, Fei Meng, Jiancheng Shi, Jiangyuan Zeng, Xinyi Shen, Yaokui Cui, Lingmei Jiang, and Zhonghua Guo. 2021. “A Fine-Resolution Soil Moisture Dataset for China in 2002–2018.” Earth System Science Data 13 (7): Copernicus GmbH: 3239–3261. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minderhoud, P. S. J., L. Coumou, L. E. Erban, H. Middelkoop, E. Stouthamer, and E. A. Addink. 2018. “The Relation Between Land Use and Subsidence in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta.” Science of The Total Environment 634 (September): 715–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ng, Charmaine, Hongjie Chen, Shin Giek Goh, Laurence Haller, Zhixin Wu, Francis Rathinam Charles, Aurore Trottet, and Karina Gin. 2018. “Microbial Water Quality and the Detection of Multidrug Resistant E. Coli and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Aquaculture Sites of Singapore.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 135 (October): 475–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.055.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nicholls, Robert J. 1995. “Coastal Megacities and Climate Change.” GeoJournal 37: Springer: 369–379.
   Google Scholar
• Osmanoğlu, Batuhan, Filiz Sunar, Shimon Wdowinski, and Enrique Cabral-Cano. 2016. “Time Series Analysis of InSAR Data: Methods and Trends.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 115: Elsevier: 90–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang, Chaojun, Kaiqi Zhou, Qiang Xu, Jianhua Yin, Dalei Peng, Dongpo Wang, and Weile Li. 2017. “Dynamic Analysis and Numerical Modeling of the 2015 Catastrophic Landslide of the Construction Waste Landfill at Guangming. Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China.” Landslides 14: Springer: 705–718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, P. A., S. Hensley, I. R. Joughin, F. K. Li, S. N. Madsen, E. Rodriguez, and R. M. Goldstein. 2000. “Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry.” Proceedings of the IEEE 88 (3): 333–382. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.838084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, Priyom, Tapas R. Martha, Kirti Khanna, Nirmala Jain, and K. Vinod Kumar. 2022. “Time and Path Prediction of Landslides Using InSAR and Flow Model.” Remote Sensing of Environment 271: Elsevier: 112899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salimi, Mohsen, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. 2020. “Climate Change Impacts on Critical Urban Infrastructure and Urban Resiliency Strategies for the Middle East.” Sustainable Cities and Society 54 (March): 101948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101948.
   Google Scholar
• Sarah, Dwi, Lambok M. Hutasoit, Robert M. Delinom, and Imam A. Sadisun. 2020. “Natural Compaction of Semarang-Demak Alluvial Plain and Its Relationship to the Present Land Subsidence.” Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 7 (3): 273–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Xuguo, Tongtong Zhu, Wei Tang, Mi Jiang, Houjun Jiang, Chen Yang, Wei Zhan, Zutao Ming, and Shaocheng Zhang. 2022. “Inferring Decelerated Land Subsidence and Groundwater Storage Dynamics in Tianjin–Langfang Using Sentinel-1 InSAR.” International Journal of Digital Earth 15 (1): Taylor & Francis: 1526–1546. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2122610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirzaei, Manoochehr, Jeffrey Freymueller, Torbjörn E. Törnqvist, Devin L. Galloway, Tina Dura, and Philip S. J. Minderhoud. 2021. “Measuring, Modelling and Projecting Coastal Land Subsidence.” Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2 (1): Nature Publishing Group: 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x.
   Google Scholar
• Shupeng, C., and J. van Genderen. 2008. “Digital Earth in Support of Global Change Research.” International Journal of Digital Earth 1 (1): Taylor & Francis: 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538940701782510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Cheng, Di Zhou, Rudolf Endler, Jinqing Lin, and Jan Harff. 2010. “Sedimentary Development of the Pearl River Estuary Based on Seismic Stratigraphy.” Journal of Marine Systems 82: Elsevier: S3–S16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teatini, P., L. Tosi, and T. Strozzi. 2011. “Quantitative Evidence That Compaction of Holocene Sediments Drives the Present Land Subsidence of the Po Delta, Italy.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 116 (B8), https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008122.
   Google Scholar
• Thilagavathi, R., S. Chidambaram, M. V. Prasanna, C. Thivya, and C. Singaraja. 2012. “A Study on Groundwater Geochemistry and Water Quality in Layered Aquifers System of Pondicherry Region, Southeast India.” Applied Water Science 2: Springer: 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-012-0045-2.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Zhengyu, Yaolin Liu, Yang Zhang, Yanfang Liu, Baoshun Wang, and Guangxia Zhang. 2022. “Spatially Varying Relationships Between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China.” Remote Sensing 14 (2): Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute: 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Hua, Tim J. Wright, Yongping Yu, Hong Lin, Lilong Jiang, Changhui Li, and Guangxin Qiu. 2012. “InSAR Reveals Coastal Subsidence in the Pearl River Delta, China: Coastal Subsidence in the PRD.” Geophysical Journal International, 22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05687.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Xing, and ChaoYu Wu. 2011. “Holocene Delta Evolution and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Pearl River Delta in South China.” Science China Earth Sciences 54: Springer: 1523–1541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Zherong, Peifeng Ma, Yi Zheng, Feng Gu, Lin Liu, and Hui Lin. 2023. “Automatic Detection and Classification of Land Subsidence in Deltaic Metropolitan Areas Using Distributed Scatterer InSAR and Oriented R-CNN.” Remote Sensing of Environment 290 (May): 113545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113545.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Gang, Jingling Su, Chang Xia, Xi Li, and Rui Xiao. 2022. “Spatial Mismatches Between Nighttime Light Intensity and Building Morphology in Shanghai, China.” Sustainable Cities and Society 81: Elsevier: 103851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Mengshi, Ru Wang, Menghua Li, and Mingsheng Liao. 2022a. “A PSI Targets Characterization Approach to Interpreting Surface Displacement Signals: A Case Study of the Shanghai Metro Tunnels.” Remote Sensing of Environment 280 (October): 113150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113150.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Ting, Kaile Zhou, and Chi Zhang. 2022b. “Spatiotemporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Green Development Efficiency in China’s Urban Agglomerations.” Sustainable Cities and Society 85: Elsevier: 104069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Hairuo, Huili Gong, Beibei Chen, Kaisi Liu, and Mingliang Gao. 2020. “Analysis of the Influence of Groundwater on Land Subsidence in Beijing Based on the Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) Model.” Science of The Total Environment 738 (October): 139405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139405.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zheng, Yuanmao, Yuanrong He, Qiang Zhou, and Haowei Wang. 2022. “Quantitative Evaluation of Urban Expansion Using NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light and Landsat Spectral Data.” Sustainable Cities and Society 76: Elsevier: 103338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar