References
- Abolfathi, Y., Hamid, T. A., & Ibrahim, R. (2013). Theories and measures of elder abuse. Psychogeriatrics, 13(3), 182–188. doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12009
- Alizadeh-Khoei, M., Sharifi, F., Hossain, S. Z., Fakhrzadeh, H., & Salimi, Z. (2014). Elder abuse: Risk factors of abuse in elderly community-dwelling Iranians. Educational Gerontology, 40(7), 543–554. doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.857995
- Bond, M. C., & Butler, K. H. (2013). Elder abuse and neglect: Definitions, epidemiology, and approaches to emergency department screening. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 29(1), 257–273. doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2012.09.004
- Brownell, P. (2015). Neglect, abuse and violence against older women: Definitions and research frameworks. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 1(1), 46–57.
- Burnett, J., Achenbaum, W. A., & Murphy, K. P. (2014). Prevention and early identification of elder abuse. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 30(4), 743–759. doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2014.08.013
- Cook, I. M. (2012). A study of attitudes toward elder abuse among African American, Korean and Chinese caregivers. (Master’s dissertation, University of Clark Atlanta).
- Cooley, D. (2015). Elder abuse and vulnerability: Avoiding illicit paternalism in healthcare, medical research, and life. Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 1(1), 102–112. doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2014.09.003
- Dong, X., & Simon, M. A. (2013). Association between elder abuse and use of ED: Findings from the Chicago health and aging project. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(4), 693–698. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.12.028.
- Elo, S., & Kyngas, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
- Falk, C. K. (2013). Elder abuse in nursing homes: the impact of dementia/special care units. (Master’s dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45280.
- Frazao, S. L., Silva, M. S., Norton, P., & Magalhaes, T. (2014). Domestic violence against elderly with disability. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 28, 19–24. doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2014.09.003
- Fulmer, T. T., & O’Malley, T. A. (1987). Inadequate care of the elderly: A health care perspective on abuse and neglect. Churchill: Livingstone.
- Gilbert, A., Stanley, D., Penhale, B., & Gilhooly, M. (2013). Elder financial abuse in England: A policy analysis perspective related to social care and banking. The Journal of Adult Protection, 15(3), 153–163. doi.org/10.1108/jap-11-2012-0026
- Homeier, D. (2014). Aging: Physiology, disease, and abuse. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 30(4), 671–686. doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2014.08.001
- Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
- Johannesen, M., & Logiudice, D. (2013). Elder abuse: A systematic review of risk factors in community-dwelling elders. Age and Ageing, 42(3), 292–298. doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afs195
- Jones, J. S., Holstege, C., & Holstege, H. (1997). Elder abuse and neglect: Understanding the causes and potential risk factors. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(6), 579–583. doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(97)90162-5
- Joshi, S., & Flaherty, J. H. (2005). Elder abuse and neglect in long-term care. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 21(2), 333–354. doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2004.10.009
- Kaur, J., Kaur, J., & Sujata, N. (2015). Comparative study on perceived abuse and social neglect among rural and urban geriatric population. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(4), 375. doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.171852
- Keddie, N. R., & Richard, Y. (2006). Modern Iran: Roots and results of revolution. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press.
- Kim, C. S., & Sim, J. E. (2011). Perceptions of elder abuse among the elderly in urban and rural areas. The Korean Journal of Community Living Science, 22(3), 341–349. doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2011.22.3.341
- Martins, R., Neto, M. J., Andrade, A., & Albuquerque, C. (2014). Abuse and maltreatment in the elderly. Atencion primaria, 46, 206–209. doi.org/10.1016/s0212-6567(14)70093-9
- Melchiorre, M. G., Penhale, B., & Lamura, G. (2014). Understanding elder abuse in Italy: Perception and prevalence, types and risk factors from a review of the literature. Educational Gerontology, 40(12), 909–931. doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2014.912839
- Mohebi, L., Heravi-Karimooi, M., & Zahednezhad, S. (2016). Comparison of the rates and types of domestic elder abuse and the impact on their quality of life in dezful. Nova Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 4(4). doi.org/10.20286/nova-jmbs-040466
- Moon, A. (2000). Perceptions of elder abuse among various cultural groups: Similarities and differences. Generations, 24(2), 75–80.
- Murphy, K., Waa, S., Jaffer, H., Sauter, A., & Chan, A. (2013). A literature review of findings in physical elder abuse. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal, 64(1), 10–14. doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2012.12.001
- O’Brien, M., O’Brien-Olinger, S., Boccaletti, L., Milianata, S., Caciula, I., Laurola, H., … Quinn, S. (2016). Elder abuse context and theory: Finland, Ireland, Italy and Romania. Age and Ageing, 45(2), ii13.110–ii56. doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw159.208
- Oh, J., Kim, H. S., Martins, D., & Kim, H. (2006). A study of elder abuse in Korea. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 203–214. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.03.005
- Oveisi, S., Karimi, R., & Mahram, M. (2014). Note from Iran: Self-reported elder abuse in Qazvin, 2012. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 26(3), 337–340. doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2014.883947
- Palmer, M., Brodell, R. T., & Mostow, E. N. (2013). Elder abuse: Dermatologic clues and critical solutions. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 68(2), e37–e42. doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2011.03.016
- Payne, B. K., & Fletcher, L. B. (2005). Elder abuse in nursing homes: Prevention and resolution strategies and barriers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(2), 119–125. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.12.003
- Pickering, C. E. Z., & Rempusheski, V. F. (2014). Examining barriers to self-reporting of elder physical abuse in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatric Nursing, 35(2), 120–125. doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2013.11.002
- Rassekh, N. (2010). Fragile resistance: Social transformation in Iran from 1500 to the revolution. History: Reviews of New Books, 23, 1, 38. doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1994.9950934
- Roberto, K. A., & Teaster, P. B. (2017). Theorizing elder abuse. In Elder abuse (pp. 21–41): Springer. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47504-2_2
- Rosen, T., Bloemen, E. M., Lofaso, V. M., Clark, S., Flomenbaum, N. E., & Lachs, M. S. (2016). Emergency department presentations for injuries in older adults independently known to be victims of elder abuse. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 50(3), 518–526. doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.10.037
- Speziale, H. S., Streubert, H. J., & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Statistical Center of Iran. (2016). Population and Housing Censuses. Retrieved from https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Population-and-Housing-Censuses.
- Taghadosi, M., Gilasi, H., & Sadrollahi, A. (2016). The prevalence of elder abuse and associated factors among the elderly in Kashan city, Iran. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences, 3(2), 26–34. doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jbrms.3.2.26
- Tareque, M. I., Ahmed, M. M., Tiedt, A. D., & Hoque, N. (2014). Can an active aging index (AAI) provide insight into reducing elder abuse? A case study in Rajshahi District, Bangladesh. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 58(3), 399–407. doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2013.11.003
- Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Brzyski, P., & Brzyska, M. (2014). Health-related quality of life in older age and a risk of being a victim of domestic violence. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 58(3), 388–398. doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2013.11.012
- Vinton, L. (1991). Abused older women: Battered women or abused elders? Journal of Women & Aging, 3(3), 5–19. doi.org/10.1300/j074v03n03_03
- Vinton, L. (1999). Working with abused older women from a feminist perspective. Journal of Women & Aging, 11(2–3), 85–100. doi.org/10.1300/j074v11n02_07
- World Bank. (2018). Life expectancy at Birth. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN.