Productivity and carbon allocation in a tropical montane cloud forest in the Peruvian Andes

References

• Aragão , LEOC , Malhi , Y , Metcalfe , DB , Silva-Espejo , JE , Jimenez , E , Navarrete , D , Almeida , S , Costa , ALC , Salinas , N Phillips , OL . 2009 . Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils . Biogeosciences , 6 : 2759 – 2778 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragáo LEOC, Malhi Y, Roman-Cuesta RM, Saatchi S, Anderson LO, Shimabukuro YE. 2007. Spatial patterns and fire response of recent Amazonian droughts. Geophysical Research Letters 34(7). doi:10.1029/2006GL028946.
   Google Scholar
• Araújo AC, Nobre AD, Kruijt B, Elbers JA, Dallarosa R, Stefani P, von Randow C, Manzi AO, Culf AD, Gash JHC, et al. 2002. Comparative measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes from two nearby towers in a central Amazonian rainforest: The Manaus LBA site. Journal Geophysical Research 107(D20):8090.
   Google Scholar
• Atkin , OK , Evans , JR , Ball , MC , Lambers , H and Pons , TL. 2000 . Leaf respiration of snow gum in the light and dark. interactions between temperature and irradiance . Plant Physiology , 122 : 915 – 923 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruijnzeel LA, Veneklaas E. 1998. Climatic conditions and tropical montane forest productivity: the fog has not lifted yet. Ecology 78:3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Bruijnzeel LA, Waterloo JM, Proctor J, Kuiters AT, Kotterink B. 1993. Hydrological observations in montane rain forests on Gunung Silam, Sabah, Malaysia, with special reference to the “Massenerhebungeffect”. Journal of Ecology 81:145–167.
   Google Scholar
• Bubb , P , May , I , Miles , L and Sayer , J. 2004 . Cloud forest agenda , Cambridge , , UK : UNEP-WCMC .
   Google Scholar
• Cairns , MA , Brown , S , Helmer , EH and Baumgardner , GA. 1997 . Root biomass allocation in the world's upland forests . Oecologia , 111 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers , JQ , dos Santos , J , Ribeiro , RJ and Higuchi , N. 2001 . Tree damage, allometric relationships, and above-ground net primary production in central Amazon forest . Forest Ecology and Management , 152 : 73 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers , JQ , Higuchi , N , Schimel , JP , Ferreira , LV and Melack , JM. 2000 . Decomposition and carbon cycling of dead trees in tropical forests of the central Amazon . Oecologia , 122 : 219 – 223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers , JQ , Tribuzy , ES , Toledo , LC , Crispim , BF , Higuchi , N , dos Santos , J , Araujo , AC , Kruijt , B , Nobre , AD and Trumbore , SE. 2004 . Respiration from a tropical forest ecosystem: partitioning of sources and low carbon use efficiency . Ecological Applications , 14 : S72 – S88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chave , J , Andalo , C , Brown , S , Cairns , MA , Chambers , JQ , Eamus , D , Folster , H , Fromard , F , Higuchi , N Kira , T . 2005 . Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests . Oecologia , 145 : 87 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chave , J , Navarrete , D , Almeida , S , Alvarez , E , Aragao , LEOC , Bonal , D , Chatelet , P , Silva-Espejo , JE , Goret , JY von Hildebrand , P . 2010 . Regional and seasonal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America . Biogeosciences , 7 : 43 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill SP, Balsley H, Forero E, Luteyn J, editors. 1996. Biodiversity and conservation of Neotropical Montane forests. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
   Google Scholar
• Clark , DA , Brown , S , Kicklighter , DW , Chambers , JQ , Thomlinson , JR , Ni , J and Holland , EA. 2001 . Net primary production in tropical forests: an evaluation and synthesis of existing field data . Ecological Applications , 11 : 371 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colwell RK, Brehm G, Cardelús CL, Gilman AC, Longino JT. 2008. Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet Tropics. Science 322(5899):258–261.
   Google Scholar
• DeLucia EH, Drake JE, Thomas RB, Gonzalez-Meler M. 2007. Forest carbon use efficiency: is respiration a constant fraction of gross primary production? Global Change Biology 13:1157–1167.
   Google Scholar
• Demareza , V , Duthoita , S , Baretb , F , Weissb , M and Dedieu , G. 2008 . Estimation of leaf area and clumping indexes of crops with hemispherical photographs . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 148 : 644 – 655 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doughty , CE and Goulden , ML. 2008 . Seasonal patterns of tropical forest leaf area index and CO2 exchange . Journal of Geophysical Research–Biogeosciences , 113(G1):1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeley KJ, Silman MR. 2010. Land-use and climate change effects on population size and extinction risk of Andean plants. Global Change Biology 16:3215–3222.
   Google Scholar
• Feldpausch TR, Banin L, Phillips OL Baker TR, Lewis SL, Quesada CA, Affum-Baffoe K, Arets EJMM, Berry NJ, Bird M, et al. 2011. Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees. Biogeosciences 8(5):1081–1106.
   Google Scholar
• Foster , P. 2001 . The potential negative impacts of global climate change on tropical montane cloud forests . Earth-Science Reviews , 55 : 73 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentry AH, Ortiz SR. 1993. Patrones de composición floristica en la Amazonia Peruana. In: Kalliola R, Puhakkaa M, DanjoyW, editors. Amazonia Peruana - vegetación húmeda tropical en el llano subandino. Turku (Finland): Turku University Press. p. 155–166.
   Google Scholar
• Giardina , CP , Ryan , MG , Binkley , D and Fownes , JH. 2003 . Primary production and carbon allocation in relation to nutrient supply in a tropical experimental forest . Global Change Biology , 9 : 1438 – 1450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girardin CAJ, Aragao L, Malhi Y, Huaraca Huasco W, Metcalfe D, Durand L, Mamani M, Silva-Espejo JE, Whittaker RJ. 2013. Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in tropical Amazonian and Andean forests. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 27:252–264.
   Google Scholar
• Girardin , CAJ , Farfan , W , Garcia , K , Feeley , K , Jørgensen , PM , Killeen , T , Malhi , Y , Araujo , Murakami A , Cayola Pérez , L Renate , S . 2014 . Spatial patterns of above-ground structure, biomass and composition ina network of six Andean elevation transects , Plant Ecology & Diversity 7(1–2):161–171 .
   Google Scholar
• Girardin , CAJ , Malhi , Y , Aragão , LEOC , Mamani-Solórzano , M , Huaraca Huasco , W , Durand , L , Feeley , KJ , Rapp , J , Silva-Espejo , JE Silman , MR . 2010 . Net primary productivity allocation and cycling of carbon along a tropical forest elevational transect in the Peruvian Andes . Global Change Biology , 16 : 3176 – 3192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graefe , S , Hertel , D and Leuschner , C. 2008 . Fine root dynamics along a 2000 m elevation transect in South Ecuadorian mountain rainforests . Plant and Soil , 313 : 155 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubb , PJ. 1977 . Control of forest growth and distribution on wet tropical mountains: with special reference to mineral nutrition . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 8 : 83 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Gurdak , D , Rozas-Dávila , A , Aragão , LEOC , Huaraca Huasco , W , Doughty , C , Metcalfe , DB , Farfan Rios , W , García Cabrera , K , Silva Espejo , JE Silman , MRR . 2012 . Balancing above ground carbon fluxes and wood debris respiration to understand dynamics of biomass along a tropical Andes to Amazon elevational gradient In press
   Google Scholar
• Harmon , ME , Whigham , DF , Sexton , J and Olmsted , I. 1995 . Decomposition and mass of woody detritus in the dry tropical forests of the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico . Biotropica , 27 : 305 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemeyer , A , Hartley , IP , Evans , SP , Carreira de la Fuente , JA and Ineson , P. 2007 . Forest soil CO2 flux: uncovering the contribution and environmental responses of ectomycorrhizas . Global Change Biology , 13 : 1786 – 1797 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert , DA and Fownes , JH. 1999 . Forest productivity and efficiency of resource use across a chronosequence of tropical montane soils . Ecosystems , 2 : 242 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes , IG and Hase , TPA. 2010 . Measurements and their uncertainties: a practical guide to modern error analysis , Oxford , , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , RB , Canadell , J , Ehleringer , JR , Mooney , HA , Sala , OE and Schulze , ED. 1996 . A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes . Oecologia , 108 : 389 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kappelle , M and Brown , AD. 2001 . Bosques nublados del neotropico. Heredia, CR , Costa Rica : Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INBio .
   Google Scholar
• Killeen , T , Douglas , M , Consiglio , T , Jørgensen , P and Mejia , J. 2007 . Dry spots and wet spots in the Andean hotspot . Journal of Biogeography , 34 : 1357 – 1373 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitayama K, Aiba SI. 2002. Ecosystem structure and productivity of tropical rain forests along altitudinal gradients with contrasting soil phosphorus pools on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Journal of Ecology 90:37–51.
   Google Scholar
• Körner , C. 2012 . “ Water, nutrient and carbon relations, In: Alpine treelines ” . In Functional ecology of the global high elevation tree limits. Basel (Switzerland) , Springer . ISBN 978-3-0348-0396-0
   Google Scholar
• Leigh , EG. 1999 . Tropical forest ecology: a view from Barro Colorado Island , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Leuschner C, Moser G, Bertsch C, Röderstein M, Hertel D. 2007. Large altitudinal increase in tree root/shoot ratio in tropical mountain forests of Ecuador. Basic and Applied Ecology 8:219–230.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , SL , Lloyd , J , Sitch , S , Mitchard , ETA and Laurance , WF. 2009 . Changing ecology of tropical forests: evidence and drivers . Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics , 40 : 529 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litton CM, Raich JW and Ryan MG. 2007. Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems. Global Change Biology 13:2089–2109.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd , J , Patiño , S , Paiva , RQ , Nardoto , GB , Quesada , CA , Santos , AJB , Baker , TR , Brand , WA , Hilke , I Gielmann , H . 2010 . Optimisation of photosynthetic carbon gain and within-canopy gradients of associated foliar traits for Amazon forest trees . Biogeosciences , 7 : 1833 – 1859 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowman , MD. 1984 . An assessment of techniques for measuring herbivory: is rain forest defoliation more intense than we thought? . Biotropica , 16 : 264 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowman , MD. 1985 . Temporal and spatial variability in insect grazing of the canopies of five Australian rain forest tree species . Australian Journal of Ecology , 10 : 7 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyssaert , S , Inglima , I , Jung , M , Richardson , AD , Reichstein , M , Papale , D , Piao , SL , Schulze , ED , Wingate , L Matteucci , G . 2007 . CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database . Global Change Biology , 13 : 2509 – 2537 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y , Aragao , LEOC , Metcalfe , DB , Paiva , R , Quesada , CA , Almeida , S , Anderson , L , Brando , P , Chambers , JQ da Costa , ACL . 2009 . Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests . Global Change Biology , 15 : 1255 – 1274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y , Baker , TR , Phillips , OL , Almeida , S , Alvarez , E , Arroyo , L , Chave , J , Czimczik , CI , Di Fiore , A Higuchi , N . 2004 . The above-ground coarse wood productivity of 104 neotropical forest plots . Global Change Biology , 10 : 563 – 591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y , Doughty , C and Galbraith , D. 2011 . The Allocation of Ecosystem Net Primary Productivity in Tropical Forests , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 366 (1582):3225–3245 .
   Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y , Farfán Amézquita , F , Doughty , CE , Silva-Espejo , JE , Metcalfe , DB , Aragão , LEOC , Girardin , CAJ , Huaraca-Quispe , LP Alzamora-Taype , I . 2014 . The productivity, metabolism and carbon cycle of two lowland tropical forest plots in south-western Amazonia , Peru : Plant Ecology & Diversity 7(1–2):85–105 .
   Google Scholar
• Malhi Y, Nobre AD, Grace J, Kruijt B, Pereira MGP, Culf A, Scott S. 1998. Carbon dioxide transfer over a Central Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 103:31593–31612.
   Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y , Phillips , OL , Lloyd , J , Baker , TR , Wright , J , Almeida , S , Arroyo , L , Frederiksen , T , Grace , J Higuchi , N . 2002 . An international network to monitor the structure, composition and dynamics of Amazonian forests (RAINFOR) . Journal of Vegetation Science , 13 : 439 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y , Silman , M , Salinas , N , Bush , M , Meir , P and Saatchi , S. 2010 . Introduction: elevation gradients in the tropics: laboratories for ecosystem ecology and global change research . Global Change Biology , 16 : 3171 – 3175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y , Wood , D , Baker , TR , Wright , J , Phillips , OL , Cochrane , T , Meir , P , Chave , J , Almeida , S Arroyo , L . 2006 . The regional variation of aboveground live biomass in old-growth Amazonian forests . Global Change Biology , 12 : 1107 – 1138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , Y and Wright , J. 2004 . Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B , 359 : 311 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marthews , TR , Malhi , Y , Girardin , CAJ , Silva-Espejo , JE , Aragão , LEOC , Metcalfe , DB , Rapp , JM , Mercado , LM , Fisher , RA Galbraith , DR . 2012a . Simulating forest productivity along a neotropical elevational transect: temperature variation and carbon use efficiency . Global Change Biology , 18 : 2882 – 2898 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marthews TR, Metcalfe D, Malhi Y, Phillips O, Huaraca Huasco W, Riutta T, Ruiz Jaén M, Girardin CAJ, Urrutia R, Butt N, et al. 2012b. Measuring tropical forest carbon allocation and cycling: a RAINFOR-GEM field manual for intensive census plots (v2.2). Manual. Global Ecosystems Monitoring Network. Available from http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/ (http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/)
   Google Scholar
• Martin , AR and Thomas , SC. 2011 . A reassessment of carbon content in tropical trees . PlosOne , 6 : e23533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meir , P , Grace , J and Miranda , AC. 2001 . Leaf respiration in two tropical rain forests: constraints on physiology by phosphorus, nitrogen and temperature . Functional Ecology , 15 : 378 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe DJ, Grubb PJ. 1997. The responses to shade of seedlings of very small-seeded tree and shrub species from tropical rain forest in Singapore. Functional Ecology 11:215–221.
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe , DB , Meir , P , Aragao , LEOC , Lobo-do-Vale , R , Galbraith , D , Fisher , RA , Chaves , MM , Maroco , JP , da Costa , ACL de Almeida , SS . 2010 . Shifts in plant respiration and carbon use efficiency at a large-scale drought experiment in the eastern Amazon . New Phytologist , 187 : 608 – 621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe , DB , Meir , P , Aragao , LEOC , Malhi , Y , da Costa , ACL , Braga , A , Goncalves , PHL , de Athaydes , J , de Almeida , SS and Williams , M. 2007 . Factors controlling spatio-temporal variation in carbon dioxide efflux from surface litter, roots, and soil organic matter at four rain forest sites in the eastern Amazon . Journal of Geophysical Research–Biogeosciences , : 112 G04001. doi:10.1029/2007JG000443.
   Google Scholar
• Miller SD, Goulden ML, da Rocha HR. 2007. The effect of canopy gaps on subcanopy ventilation and scalar fluxes in a tropical forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 142(1):25–34.
   Google Scholar
• Moser , G , Röderstein , M , Soethe , N , Hertel , D and Leuschner , C. 2008 . “ Altitudinal changes in stand structure and biomass allocation of tropical mountain forests in relation to microclimate and soil chemistry ” . In Gradients in a tropical mountain ecosystem of Ecuador , Edited by: Beck , E , Bendix , J , Kottke , I , Makeschin , F and Mosandl , R . 229 – 242 . Ecological Studies. Vol. 198. Berlin , , Germany : Springer Verlag. . editors
   Google Scholar
• Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , OL , Baker , TR , Arroyo , L , Higuchi , N , Killeen , TJ , Laurance , WF , Lewis , SL , Lloyd , J , Malhi , Y Monteagudo , A . 2004 . Pattern and process in Amazon tree turnover, 1976–2001 . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , 359 : 381 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pounds , JA , Fogden , MPL and Campbell , JH. 1999 . Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain . Nature , 398 : 611 – 615 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raich , JW. 1997 . Above-ground productivity and soil respiration in three Hawaiian rain forests . Forest Ecology and Management , 107 : 309 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raich JW. 1997. Above-ground productivity and soil respiration in three Hawaiian rain forests. Forest Ecology and Management 107:309–318.
   Google Scholar
• Rapp , JM and Silman , MR. Forthcoming 2013 . Diurnal, seasonal, and altitudinal trends in microclimate across a 3900 meter altitudinal gradient in the humid tropics , Climate Research .
   Google Scholar
• Reich , PB , Ellsworth , DS and Walters , MB. 1998 . Leaf structure (specific leaf area) modulates photosynthesis-nitrogen relations: evidence from within and across species and functional groups . Functional Ecology , 12 : 948 – 958 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , AL , Malhi , Y , Farfan , F , Aragão , LEOC , Silva , EJ and Roberson , MA. 2010 . Stem respiration in tropical forests along an elevation gradient in the Amazon and Andes . Global Change Biology , 16 : 3193 – 3204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röderstein , M , Hertel , D and Leuschner , C. 2005 . Above- and below-ground litter production in three tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador . Journal of Tropical Ecology , 21 : 483 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuur , EAG and Matson , PA. 2001 . Net primary productivity and nutrient cycling across a mesic to wet precipitation gradient in Hawaiian montane forest . Oecologia , 128 : 431 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Still , CJ , Foster , PN and Schneider , SH. 1999 . Simulating the effects of climate change on tropical montane cloud forests . Nature , 398 : 608 – 610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner , EVJ and Grubb , PJ. 1999 . “ 1974–1978 dataset ” . In NPP tropical forest: John Crow ridge, Jamaica , Oak Ridge , TN : Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Tanner , EVJ , Vitousek , PM and Cuevas , E. 1998 . Experimental investigation of nutrient limitation of forest growth on wet tropical mountains . Ecology , 79 : 10 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , C and Galetto , L. 2011 . Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species? . Organisms Diversity and Evolution , 11 : 9 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• van de Weg , MJ , Meir , P , Grace , J and Ramos , GD. 2012 . Photosynthetic parameters, dark respiration and leaf traits in the canopy of a Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest . Oecologia , 168 : 23 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Oijen , M , Schapendonk , A and Höglind , M. 2010 . On the relative magnitudes of photosynthesis, respiration, growth and carbon storage in vegetation . Annals of Botany , 105 : 793 – 797 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Schaik , C , Terborgh , J and Wright , S. 1993 . The phenology of tropical forests: adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 24 : 353 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• Vitousek , PM and Sanford , RL. 1986 . Nutrient cycling in moist tropical forest . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 17 : 137 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogt , KA , Vogt , DJ and Bloomfield , J. 1998 . Analysis of some direct and indirect methods for estimating root biomass and production of forests at an ecosystem level . Plant Soil , 200 : 71 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waide , RB , Zimmerman , JK and Scatena , FN. 1998 . Controls of primary productivity: lessons from the Luquillo mountains in Puerto Rico . Ecology , 79 : 31 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Wieser , G. 2007 . “ Limitation by an insufficient carbon assimilation and allocation ” . In Trees at their upper limit , Edited by: Wieser , G and Tausz , M . 79 – 129 . Dordrecht (The Netherlands : Springer . editors
   Google Scholar
• Young KR.1992. Biogeography of the montane forests zone of the Eastern slopes of Peru. Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural, 21. Biogeografía, Ecología y Conservación del bosque Montano en el Perú. Peru: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. p. 119–141.
   Google Scholar
• Zanne , AE , Lopez-Gonzalez , G , Coomes , DA , Ilic , J , Jansen , S , Lewis , SL , Miller , RB , Swenson , NG , Wiemann , MC and Chave , J. 2009 . Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum [Internet] . Dryad Digital Repository. , : 234 doi: 10.5061/dryad
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , JK , Wright , S , Calderon , O , Aponte Pagan , M and Paton , S. 2007 . Flowering and fruiting phenologies of seasonal and aseasonal neotropical forests: the role of annual changes in irradiance . Journal of Tropical Ecology , 23 : 231 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann , M. 2009 . Diurnal variation in soil respiration in a montane cloud forest in Peru . Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 41 : 1338 – 1340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann , M. 2010 . Temporal variation and climate dependence of soil respiration and its components along a 3000 m altitudinal tropical forest gradient . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , : 24 GB4012. doi:10.1029/2010GB003787.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmermann , M , Meir , P , Bird , MI , Malhi , Y and Ccahuana , AJQ. 2009 . Climate dependence of heterotrophic soil respiration from a soil-translocation experiment along a 3000 m tropical forest altitudinal gradient . European Journal of Soil Science , 60 : 895 – 906 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar