429
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The transfer and exploitation of German air-to-air rocket and guided missile technology by the Western Allies after World War II

References

  • American Power Jet Company, ‘Analysis and Evaluation of German Attainments and Research in the Liquid Rocket Engine Field Volume IV, Propellant Injectors’, Central Air Documents Office (Army-Navy-Air Force), Dayton, Ohio, February 1952, Defense Technical Information Center website, <http://www.discover.dtic.mil> [accessed 8 March 2019].
  • American Power Jet Company, 'Analysis and Evaluation of German Attainments and Research in the Liquid Rocket Engine Field, Volume VII, Thrust Control’, Central Air Documents Office (Army-Navy-Air Force), Dayton, Ohio, February 1952, Defense Technical Information Center website, <http://www.discover.dtic.mil> [accessed 8 March 2019].
  • A.W. Quick and Theodore Benecke, eds., History of German Guided Missiles Development, (Brunswick: Verlag E. Appelhans and Co., 1957).
  • Bar-Zohar, Michel, The Hunt for German Scientists 1944-1960 (London: Arthur Barker, 1967). Originally published as La Chasse aux Savants Allemands (Librarie Arthème Fayard, 1965).
  • Bibliography on German Guided Missiles, Headquarters USAAF Air Materiel Command, Dayton, Ohio, July 1946.
  • Bower, Tim, The Paperclip Conspiracy (London: Michael Joseph, 1987).
  • Burgess, Eric, ‘German Guided and Rocket Missiles’, The Engineer, 184 (October 1947).
  • Carpentier, René, Les Missiles Tactiques de 1945 à 1995 (Paris: Broche, 2004).
  • Centre d’Étude des Projectiles Autopropulsés, ‘Note Mensuelle d’Information à l’Usage des Sections du C.E.P.A.’, 1 Février 1946 – SHD Châtellerault, AA 396 4H2 227.
  • Christman, Albert B., History of the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California, Volume 1, Sailors, Scientists, and Rockets (Washington DC: Naval History Division, Government Printing Office, 1971).
  • Conlon, E.W., ‘Project “Wizard” Progress Report No. 4 (October 1 – December 1, 1946)’, University of Michigan, Department of Engineering Research, December 1946, Defense Technical Information Centre website, <http://www.discover.dtic.mil> [accessed 1 December 2018].
  • Contract between the DTIA and Hermann Oestrich (Groupe O), 25 Avril 1946 – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 254 1K1 607.
  • Crim, Brian E., Our Germans: Project Paperclip and the National Security State (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018).
  • Davis, Dale M., ‘Historical Development Summary of Automatic Cannon Caliber Ammunition: 20-30 Millimeter’, Air Force Armament Laboratory, 1984, Defense Technical Information Centre website, <http://www.discover.dtic.mil> [accessed 17 November 2019].
  • Desgouttes, Norbert, Les Commandements de l’Aéronautique Navale (1912-2013) (Association pour la Recherche de Documentation sur l’Histoire de l’Aéronautique Navale, 2013) (version informatisée). Association pour la recherche de documentation sur l’histoire de l’aéronautique navale, http://www.aeronavale.org [accessed December 2018].
  • Dryden, Hugh L., ‘Selected Guided Missiles Now Developed or Under Development’, 30 November 1945, in H.L. Dryden, G.A. Morton and I.A. Getting, ‘Guidance and Homing of Missiles and Pilotless Aircraft: A Report of the AAF Scientific Advisory Group’, Headquarters Air Material Command, 1946, pp. 1–32.
  • E.H. Hirschel, H. Prem and G. Madelung, Aeronautical Research in Germany – from Lilienthal until Today (Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2004).
  • Foreign Scientist Case Files, Max Kramer, Record Group 330; National Archives at College Park, College Park, Maryland.
  • Frederick I. Ordway and Mitchell R. Sharpe, The Rocket Team (London: Heinemann, 1979).
  • Gatland, Kenneth, Development of the Guided Missile (London: Iliffe & Sons, 1953).
  • 'General Survey of Rocket Motor Development in Germany', US Naval Technical Mission in Europe Report 236-45, September 1945.
  • Gimbel, John, Science, Technology and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990).
  • Hall, Charlie, British Exploitation of German Science and Technology, 1943–1949 (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2019).
  • Hogg, Ian V., German Secret Weapons of World War II: The Missiles, Rockets, Weapons, and New Technology of the Third Reich (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2016). Originally published in 2002.
  • Horst Boog, Gerhard Krebs, and Detlef Vogel, Germany and the Second World War, Volume VII: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia 1943-1944/5 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
  • House, William C., ‘Project Squid. Liquid Propellant Rockets. Field Survey Report Volume II, Part 2’, Princeton University, 30 June 1947, Defense Technical Information Center website, <http://www.discover.dtic.mil> [accessed 12 July 2018].
  • Hunt, Linda, Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945 to 1990 (Virginia: St Martin's Press, 1991).
  • Huwart, Olivier, Du V2 à Véronique. La naissance des fusées françaises (Rennes: Marines Editions, 2005).
  • Huzel, Dieter, Peenemünde to Canaveral (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1962).
  • J.B. Reid et al, ‘Seefliegerhorst Wesermünde (Evacuation from Erprobungsstelle der Luftwaffe, Karlshagen)’, Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee report XXVI-3, May 1945.
  • J.D. Gerrard-Gough and Albert B. Christman, History of the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California, Volume 2, The Grand Experiment at Inyokern (Washington DC: Naval History Division, Government Printing Office, 1978).
  • Jacobsen, Annie, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America (New York: Little Brown and Co., 2014).
  • James Mills and Graeme Johanson, ‘Project Abstract: an Anglo-American intelligence operation in 1947 to recover guided weapon technical documentation buried in Germany’, Intelligence and National Security, 34, 1 (2019), 129–148.
  • Johnson, Roger P., ‘Review of Compliant Coating Research of M.O. Kramer’, RPJ Associates, 17 October 1980, Defense Technical Information Center website, http://www.discover.dtic.mil [accessed 30 July 2018].
  • ‘La Fusée Aérienne Allemande de 80mm’, France d’abord – SHD Châtellerault, AA 396 4H2 5.
  • Lasby, Clarence G., Project Paperclip: German Scientists and the Cold War (New York: Atheneum, 1971).
  • ‘Les Missiles’, in ‘Histoire de l’Armement Français’, Revue Historique de l’Armée, 2 (1964), 153–174.
  • Ludmann-Obier, Marie-France, ‘Un aspect de la chasse aux cerveaux: les transferts de techniciens allemands en France: 1945–1949', Relations internationales, 46 (1986), 195-208.
  • McGovern, James, Crossbow and Overcast (New York: William Morrow and Co., 1964).
  • Marine Nationale, État-Major Générale, 2ème Bureau, Liaison Recherches, ‘État des notes de renseignements remises par E.M.G./2 L.R. du 24 Octobre 1944 au 10 Janvier 1946, Janvier 1946 – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 396 4H2 33.
  • ‘New Air-to-Air Rocket Developed by Navy; Folding Fin Is Used to Help Speed in Combat’, New York Times, 7 February 1950, p. 14, Proquest Historical Newspapers: New York Times [accessed 14 March 2019].
  • Pocock, Rowland F., German Guided Missiles of the Second World War (London: Ian Allan, 1967).
  • Price, P.R., ‘Gas Turbine Development at BMW’, Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee report XXVI-30, 1945.
  • ‘Projectiles Commandes à Distance’ – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 396 4H2 55.
  • ‘Projectiles Commandes à Distance (RUHRSTAHL – AG – BIELEFELD)’ SHD, Châtellerault, AA 396 4H2 227.
  • ‘Rocketry at Westcott. A Visit to the Ministry of Supply Rocket-propulsion Establishment’, Flight, 21 August 1947, 190 and 205.
  • Simon, Leslie E. and US Army Ordnance Department, German Scientific Establishments (New York: Mapleton House, 1947).
  • Société Alkan & Cie, Réalisation et fourniture de 20 ensembles d’equipement d’engin AA10 et 3 postes de télécommande sur avion, marché no. 3087/47 – SHD Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 750.
  • Société Alkan & Cie, Fourniture de 60 ensembles d’équipement pour engins AA10, marché no. 3252/47, 5 Janvier 1948 – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 755.
  • Société Civile d’Étude de la Propulsion par Réaction, ‘Étude du propulseur Allemand BMW 548 et la fabrication de 25 réacteurs de ce type’, marché no. 5067/46, 16 Mars 1946 – SHD Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 741.
  • Société d’Entreprises Aéronautiques, ‘Reconstitution de l’engin Allemand X 7’, marché no. 5209/46, 29 Octobre 1946 – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 745.
  • Société d’Étude de la Propulsion par Réaction, ‘Fourniture de 200 fusées type BMW 548 et dérivés’, marché no. 3129/47, 10 Juillet 1947 – SHD Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 751.
  • Société d’Étude de la Propulsion par Réaction, ‘Fourniture de 100 moteurs fusées prototype SEPR 4 de décollage d’engins spéciaux, 20 moteurs fusées prototype SEPR 2 pour engins
  • spéciaux NC 3500 & 3501, 20 moteurs fusées prototype SEPR 12 pour engins spéciaux M 04’, marché no. 2257/48, 14 Décembre 1948 – SHD Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 765.
  • Société Sadir-Carpentier, ‘Étude et realisation d’une fusée acoustique de proximité analogue en matériel Allemand KRANICH’, marché no. 5164/46, 21 Octobre 1946 – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 744.
  • Société Sadir-Carpentier ‘Fourniture de 10 relais SIEMENS pour engins spéciaux’, marché no. 3253/47, 8 Octobre 1947 – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 755.
  • Société Sadir-Carpentier, ‘Étude et realisation de 210 distributeurs de commande pour engins X.4., marché no. 3305/47, 7 Janvier 1948 – SHD, Châtellerault, AA 711 1K1 756.
  • Thomas Misa and Ed Todd, ‘History of the Naval Air Development Center’, Naval Air Development Center, Report No. NADC-82251-09, 15 September 1982, Defense Technical Information Center website, http://www.discover.dtic.mil [accessed 13 September 2018].
  • TNA, AIR 20/8772, ‘German Guided Projectiles, Volume IV’, Ministry of Aircraft Production Technical Information Bureau, 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/1310, ‘Section IV – Part 4 – Controlled Missiles’, MAP, 7 August 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2162, G. Proctor, ‘German Airborne Controlled Missiles for Anti-aircraft Employment’, AI2(g) Report No. 1765, 29 March 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2162, G. Proctor, ‘The X4 – German Air-launched A.A. Rocket’, AI2(g) Report No. 1773, 3 May 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2162, G.M. Heath, ‘New German fighter rocket armament and “Oberon” automatic range-finding and firing procedure’, AI2(g) Report No. 1774, 28 April 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2162, C. Campbell, ‘R4M German Aircraft Rocket’, AI2(g) Report No. 1787, 23 June 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2167, G. Proctor, ‘New German Weapons – X4, X7 and Hs 117’, AI2(g) Report No. 2337, 21 April 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2168, ‘Employment of Rocket Projectiles for Air-to-Air Attack by the GAF’, AI2(g) Report No. 3003, 17 July 1943.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2874, ‘Development of Rotation-Stabilised Rockets in Aircraft’, ADI (K) Report No. 288/1945, 20 April 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2874, ‘Remotely Controlled Missiles. (Ruhrstahl A.G. Bielefeld)’, ADI (K) Report No. 300/1945, 4 May 1945.
  • TNA, AIR 40/2875, ‘Remotely Controlled Missiles. (Henschel Flugzeugwerke A.G.)’, ADI (K) Report No. 312/1945, 18 May 1945.
  • TNA, AVIA 6/13498, H.W.B. Gordon, ‘Damaging effect of German 55mm R.4.M. rocket with H.E. head to British heavy-bomber aircraft structures’, ORS FT 360, August 1946.
  • TNA, AVIA 6/25699, ‘German Guided Projectiles’, Ministry of Aircraft Production Technical Information Bureau, 1945.
  • TNA, AVIA 7/2610, ‘Homing Air-to-Air Weapon. Notes of Informal Discussion held at M.A.P. Friday, October 27, 1944’.
  • TNA, AVIA 7/2610, ‘Brief Description of Little Ben by F/L B.S. Benson and J.St.L. Philpot’, January 1945.
  • TNA, AVIA 7/2610, ‘Naval Staff Requirements for an Air-to-Air Homing Weapon’, 1945.
  • TNA, AVIA 41/318, ‘Foreign Ammunition. German Aircraft Rocket R.4.M.’, PDE Report No. 1946/8, May 1946.
  • TNA, AVIA 41/388, ‘Rocket Propellants, Foreign. Tentative results to date of chemical analysis of German rocket propellants’, PDE Note No. 1946/2, February 1946.
  • TNA, AVIA 54/1404, D.W. Bartington, ‘Halstead Exploitation Centre’, MoS, 18 December 1947.
  • TNA, DEFE 43/5, Foreign Office and Ministry of Defence: Scientific and Technical Intelligence Branch and related bodies: Record Cards of German and other Scientists and Technicians, 1946-1964, ER-GEM, ‘ERNST, Günther’.
  • TNA, DEFE 43/9, Foreign Office and Ministry of Defence: Scientific and Technical Intelligence Branch and related bodies: Record Cards of German and other Scientists and Technicians, 1946-1964, KLO-KY, ‘KRAMER, Dr. Max Otto’.
  • TNA, DSIR 23/15145, ‘German Guided Missile Research', Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee report XXXII-125, 1945.
  • TNA, DSIR 23/17581, F. Bisby, ‘The Development of British Airborne Rockets’, RAE Report No. Arm. 208, March 1946.
  • US Army Ordnance Department, The Story of Peenemünde, or What Might Have Been (also known as Peenemünde-East, through the Eyes of 500 Detained at Garmisch), 1945.
  • Uttley, Matthew, “Operation ‘Surgeon' and Britain's Post-War Exploitation of Nazi German Aeronautics”, Intelligence and National Security, 17, 2 (2002), pp. 1–26.
  • Zaloga, Steven J., Operation Pointblank: Defeating the Luftwaffe (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2011).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.