The effects of orthographic complexity and diglossia on letter naming in Arabic: A developmental study

REFERENCES

• Asaad, H., & Eviatar, Z. (2013). Learning to read in Arabic: The long and winding road. Submitted.
   Google Scholar
• Azzam, R. (1984). Orthography and reading of the Arabic language. In J. Aaron & R. M. Joshi (Eds.), Reading and writing disorders in different orthographic systems (pp. 1–29). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
   Google Scholar
• Briscoe, J., Bishop, D. V. M., & Frazier Norbury, C. (2001). Phonological processing, language, and literacy: A comparison of children with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss and those with specific language impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 329–340. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgund, E. D., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2006). Development of letter-specific processing: The effect of reading ability. Acta Psychologica, 122, 99–108. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels, P. T. (1990). Fundamentals of grammatology. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 110, 727–731. doi:10.2307/602899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denckla, M. B., & Rudel, R. G. (1974). Rapid automatized naming of pictured objects, colors, letters, and numbers by normal children. Cortex, 10, 186–202. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(74)80009-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ehri, L. C. (1986). Sources of difficulty in learning to spell and read. Advances in developmental and behavioral pediatrics 7, 121–195.
   Google Scholar
• Eviatar, Z., & Ibrahim, R. (2000). Bilingual is as bilingual does: Metalinguistic abilities of Arabic-speaking children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 21, 451–471. doi:10.1017/S0142716400004021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eviatar, Z., & Ibrahim, R. (2004). Morphological and orthographic effects on hemispheric processing of nonwords: A cross-linguistic comparison. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 17, 691–705. doi:10.1007/s11145-004-2659-8
   Google Scholar
• Eviatar, Z., & Ibrahim, R. (2012). Multilingualism among Israeli Arabs and the neuropsychology of reading in different languages. In M. Leikin, Y. Tobin, & M. Schwartz (Eds.), Current issues in bilingualism: Cognitive and socio-linguistic perspectives (pp. 57–74). Heidelberg: Springer-Dordrech.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, R. (2009). The cognitive basis of diglossia in Arabic: Evidence from a repetition priming study within and between languages. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 95–105.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, R., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2005). Is literary Arabic a second language for native Arab speakers? Evidence from a semantic priming study. The Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 34(1), 51–71. doi:10.1007/s10936-005-3631-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, R., & Eviatar, Z. (2012). The contribution of the two hemispheres to lexical decision in different languages. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 8(3).
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, R., Eviatar, Z., & Aharon- Peretz, J. A. (2007). Metalinguistic awareness and reading performance: A cross language comparison. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 36, 297–317. doi:10.1007/s10936-006-9046-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, L., & Frost, R. (1992). The reading process is different for different orthographies: The orthographic depth hypothesis. In R. Frost & L. Katz (Eds.), Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning, advances in psychology, 94 (pp. 67–84). Oxford: North-Holland.
   Google Scholar
• Levin, I., Patel, S., Margalit, T., & Barad, N. (2002). Letter names: Effect on letter saying, spelling, and word recognition in Hebrew. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23, 269–300. doi:10.1017/S0142716402002060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, I., Shatil-Carmon, S., & Asif-Rave, O. (2006). Learning of letter names and sounds and their contribution to word recognition. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 93, 139–165. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2005.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maamouri, M. (1998). Language education and human development: Arabic diglossia and its impact on the quality of education in the Arabic region. Discussion paper prepared for The World Bank. The Mediterranean Devlopment Forum.
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163–203. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PISA. (2009). Results: Executive summary. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/46619703.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rao, C., Vaid, J., Srinivasan, N., & Chen, H. C. (2011). Orthographic characteristics speed Hindi word naming but slow Urdu naming: Evidence from Hindi/Urdu biliterates. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 24, 679–695. doi:10.1007/s11145-010-9256-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiegh-Haddad, E. (2008). On the challenges posed by diglossia to the acquisition of basic reading processes in Arabic. Language and Literacy, 101–126. ( Hebrew)
   Google Scholar
• Share, D. L., Jorm, A. F., Maclean, R., & Matthews, R. (1984). Sources of individual diVerences in reading acquisition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1309–1324. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–662. doi:10.1037/h0054651
   Google Scholar
• The Ministry of Education and Culture. (1992). The report on the results of the national survey of reading comprehension for third grades. Jerusalem: The national department for learning programs at the Ministry of education.
   Google Scholar
• Treiman, R., & Kessler, B. (2004). The case of case: Children's knowledge and use of upper-and lowercase letters. Applied Psycholinguistics, 25, 413–428. doi:10.1017/S0142716404001195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf, M., & Segal, D. (1992). Word finding and reading in the developmental dyslexia. Topics in Language Disorder, 31(1), 51–65. doi:10.1097/00011363-199211000-00007
   Google Scholar